View source for Terrorexpertise:Institute for the Study of Conflict

'''N.B. This page relates to the Institute for the Study of Conflict’s terrorism related activities a [[Institute for the Study of Conflict|separate page]] deals with the Institute for the Study of Conflict in general.'''
----
Although it covered all manner of protest and resistance to corporate and state power, ‘terrorism’ was a particular preoccupation of the Institute for the Study of Conflict from the offset.  The ''Guardian'' reported on the Institute’s founding that it would monitor ‘revolutionary conflict’ and ‘survey terrorist activities’. <ref>‘Conflict on what causes conflict.’ ''Guardian'', 25 Aug. 1970. p. 5</ref>

==Publications==
ISC’s founder and leading light [[Brian Crozier]] had written about terrorism long before setting up ISC in 1970.  In 1959 he wrote an article entitled ‘The Anatomy of Terrorism’ published in ''The Nation'' in which he described Terrorism as the first stage of resistance – the second being guerrilla warfare and the third all out war.  In the article Crozier discussed anti-colonial struggles or ‘insurrections’ in Algeria, Vietnam, Malaya, Cyprus, Iran, Palestine and the Suez Canal. <ref>Brian Crozier, ‘[http://nation-1.thenation.com/archive/detail/13339962 Anatomy of Terrorism]’, ''The Nation'', 21 March 1959, pp. 250-252</ref> In 1960 he published ''The Rebels'' which again dealt with the issue of terrorism mainly from the perspective of counterinsurgency. <ref>Brian Crozier, The Rebels: A Study of Post-war Insurrections (London: Chatto & Windus, 1960)</ref> The field of terrorism studies only emerged later in the 1970s, but was indebted to the counter insurgency writers like Crozier.  

As head of ISC Crozier wrote an article entitled ‘Aid for Terrorism’ for ISC’s ''Annual of Power and Conflict 1973-1974''. <ref>cited in Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl, ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NgDks1hUjhMC Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature]'' (Transaction Publishers, 2005) p.153</ref> In 1974 he also wrote ‘Transnational terrorism’ for the International Association of Chiefs of Police. <ref>Brian Crozier, Transnational Terrorism (Gaithersburg, MD: International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1974</ref>

In 1976 the prominent terrorologist [[Paul Wilkinson]] authored an issue of ISC’s regular journal ''[[Conflict Studies]]'' entitled ‘Terrorism Versus Liberal Democracy’.  <ref>Paul Wilkinson, ‘Terrorism Versus Liberal Democracy – The Problems of Response’ Conflict Studies, No. 76. London, Institute for the Study of Conflict</ref> The theme developed by Wilkinson in the journal was expanded two years later in ''Terrorism and the Liberal State'', <ref>Paul Wilkinson, ''Terrorism and the Liberal State'' (London: Macmillan, 1977)</ref> his most influential book and according to one study the third most influential in the field. <ref>Edna F. Reid, Hsinchun Chen, ‘[http://ai.arizona.edu/go/intranet/papers/paper-Reid-terrorism-researcher.pdf Mapping the contemporary terrorism research domain]’, ''International Journal of Human-Computer Studies'' 65 (2007) 42–56</ref>

A number of other issues of ''[[Conflict Studies]]'' covered the issue of terrorism.  These included Libya’s Foreign Adventures (no. 41); Protest and Violence: The Police Response (no. 75); Terrorism: International Dimensions (no. 113); Diplomatic Immunities and State-Sponsored Terrorism (no. 164) Living with Terrorism: The Problem of Air Piracy (no. 184) Northern Ireland: An Anglo-Irish Dilemma? (no. 185) and Patterns of Protest in Western Europe (no. 189).  <ref>Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NgDks1hUjhMC ''Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature''] (Transaction Publishers, 2005) p.153</ref>

In 1986 [[William Gutteridge]] edited ''Contemporary Terrorism'' on behalf of ISC.  <ref>William Gutteridge (ed.) (for the Institute for the Study of Conflict). ''Contemporary Terrorism'' (New York: Facts on File, 1986)</ref>

==Conferences==
[[Brian Croier]] was a featured speaker at the [[Jerusalem Conference on International Terrorism]] organised by the [[Jonathan Institute]] and held in July 1979. He "implied repeatedly that the Soviet Union was behind most, if not all, of the world's political unrest, including the troubles in Northern Ireland." <ref>[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Extract]] from Edward S. Herman and Gerry O'Sullivan, ''The "Terrorism" Industry: The Experts and Institutions That Shape Our View of Terror'' (New York: Pantheon, 1989)</ref>

On 13 November 1980 the Council of Europe held a terrorism conference in Strasbourg. According to ''The Guardian'' a secret session on security measures was held during the conference.  It was attended by academics, policemen and politicians, but was “dominated” by Wilkinson and [[Richard Clutterbuck]]. <ref>David Leigh, ‘Euro-moves to combat growth of terrorism, ''The Guardian'', 14 November 1980, p.3</ref> [[Richard Clutterbuck|Clutterbuck]], a counter-insurgency expert, was a former Council member of the Institute for the Study of Conflict, which Wilkinson had recently joined. <ref>Institute for the Study of Conflict Ltd, [[Media:Institute for the Study of Conflict 1981 Accounts.pdf| Extract]] from the Report by the Members of the Council of Management on the Accounts for the Year Ending 30th June 1981, filed at Companies House on 9 November 1981</ref>

The session discussed “an international intelligence computer, a kind of Euro-MI5 and international commando squads.” <ref>David Leigh, ‘Euro-moves to combat growth of terrorism, The Guardian, 14 November 1980, p.3</ref> [[Richard Clutterbuck|Clutterbuck]] and Wilkinson agreed on the computer proposal but not on Wilkinson’s proposal for “a central coordinating cell of half a dozen security and intelligence experts” to strengthen intelligence links between European states. <ref>David Leigh, ‘Euro-moves to combat growth of terrorism, ''The Guardian'', 14 November 1980, p.3</ref> In addition to his proposals for “a small permanent European Commission to improve international co-ordinating”, Wilkinson also proposed SAS style “hostage rescue squads for other regions of the world”. <ref>Paul Wilkinson, ‘Protecting innocents’, ''The Observer'', 23 November 1980, p.12</ref>

==Relaunch as Research Foundation for the Study of Terrorism==
In late 1989 IST merged with [[Paul Wilkinson|Wilkinson’s]] [[Research Foundation for the Study of Terrorism]] to form the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT). Legally speaking [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism|RISCT]] was the same entity as the Institute for the Study of Conflict . The limited company of that name became the Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism on 12 December 1989, and on the same day the charity of the same name amended its articles of association. <ref>Extract from the Central Register of Charities maintained by the Charity Commission for England and Wales, [http://www.charity-commission.gov.uk/registeredcharities/showcharity.asp?chyno=261152 Removed Main Charity 261152]</ref>

The origins of the merger are not entirely clear, although [[Paul Wilkinson|Paul Wilkinson’s]] association with ISC went back over a decade. In 1976 he authored an issue of ''Conflict Studies'' called ''Terrorism versus Liberal Democracy'', and as noted above he served as a member of ISC's Council of Management from 27 October 1980 to 26 May 1981. <ref>Company Accounts made up to 30 June 1981, filed at Companies House on 9 November 1982</ref> [[Paul Wilkinson|Wilkinson]] also wrote the keynote opening chapter in the 1986 book ''The New Terrorism'' which was edited by [[William Gutteridge]] for ISC. <ref>William Gutteridge (ed.) ''The New Terrorism'' (London: Mansell, 1986)</ref>

A ''Times'' article published in 9 May 1989 (pre-dating ISC's relaunch), noted that Wilkinson already had an office at ISC's HQ. <ref>The article (William Greaves, ‘A thinking man's war’, ''The Times'', 9 May 1989) does not refer specifically to the address of what it calls Wilkinson’s ‘London office’ but says it is based ‘within a few yards…of Carnaby Street’. Carnaby Street is adjacent to Golden Square where the Institute for the Study of Conflict was based at no. 12-12A.</ref>

==Resources, Notes==
===Resources===
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

===Notes===
<references/>

[[Category: Terrorexpertise]]
[[Category: Terrorism Industry]]