View source for Timeline: shale gas in the UK

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==2011==
==2012==
==2013==
==2014==
===October===
*[[Task Force on Shale Gas]] set up, funded by Cuadrilla, Centrica and Total among others. Headed by [[Lord Chris Smith]], former head of the [[Environment Agency]]. Secretariat run by giant PR and lobbying firm [[Edelman]] UK.

==2015==
===January===
[[Image:InfraBillProtest.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Protesters gather outside outside Westminster on the day the Infrastructure Bill is voted upon.]]
*'''21''': Lancashire County Council (LCC) planners recommend refusal of [[Cuadrilla]]'s fracking application.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-30913269 Cuadrilla Lancashire fracking application 'should be refused'], ''BBC News'', 21 January 2015, accessed 15 September 2016</ref>

*'''26''': The [[Environmental Audit Committee]] says fracking is inconsistent with the UK’s efforts on climate change.<ref> [https://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/environmental-audit-committee/news/environmental-risks-of-fracking-report/ Environmental Audit Committee calls for halt to fracking], ''Parliament.uk'', 26 January 2015, accessed 15 September 
2016</ref>

*'''26''': [[George Osborne]] requests cabinet ministers intervene in local planning to fast track fracking as a “personal priority”. <ref> Damian Carrington, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/26/george-osborne-ministers-fast-track-fracking George Osborne urges ministers to fast-track fracking measures in leaked letter], ''The Guardian'', 26 January 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''26''': MPs vote against amendments to the Infrastructure Bill proposing tougher regulations and a moratorium on fracking, but agree on Labour proposals for 13 new conditions to be met before shale gas extraction can take place.<ref>  [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-30993915 Fracking moratorium rejected by MPs], ''BBC News'', 26 January 2015, accessed 15 September 2016</ref>

*'''28''': LCC defers decision on [[Cuadrilla]] fracking application.<ref> Damian Carrington, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/28/lancashire-council-defers-cuadrilla-fracking-decision Lancashire council defers Cuadrilla fracking decision], ''The Guardian'', 28 January 2015, accessed 15 September 2016</ref>

*'''28''': The Scottish government announces a moratorium on fracking planning permissions. The announcement was met with celebration by anti-fracking campaigners. <ref>  Libby Brooks, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jan/28/scotland-announces-moratorium-on-fracking-for-shale-gas Scotland announces moratorium on fracking for shale gas], The ''Guardian'', 28 January 2015, accessed 15 September 2016</ref>

===February===
*'''6''': [[Cuadrilla]] receives permits for fracking at Roseacre Wood from the [[Environment Agency]], ignoring the recommendation against approval by Lancashire County Council (LCC) planning committee. <ref> [http://www.cuadrillaresources.com/news/cuadrilla-news/article/environment-agency-grants-cuadrillas-environmental-permits-for-roseacre-wood/ Cuadrilla News Environment Agency Grants Cuadrilla’s Environmental Permits For Roseacre Wood], ''Cuadrilla Resources'', 6 February 2015, accessed 15 September 2016</ref>

*'''9''': [[House of Lords]] revises  amendment to the Infrastructure Bill to remove Labour's proposed pre-conditions on fracking exploration. <ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2014/june/lords-infrastructure-bill/ The Infrastructure Bill returned to the House of Lords on Monday 9 February for consideration of Commons' changes], Parliament.uk, 10 February 2015, accessed 15 September 2016</ref>. The revised  amendment then passed in parliament on 12 February. <ref> Damian Carrington, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/12/fracking-will-be-allowed-under-national-parks Fracking will be allowed under national parks, UK decides], ''The Guardian'', 12 February 2015,  accessed 15 September 2016</ref>

*'''25''': LCC’s development control committee refuse permission to [[Cuadrilla]] for shale gas testing at Singleton in the Fylde.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-31632616 Cuadrilla: Fracking firm seismic monitor plan refused], ''BBC News'', 25 February 2015, accessed 15 September 2016</ref>

===March===
[[Image:INEOS-pedl-licences-768x497.png|250px|right|thumb|INEOS PEDL licences 2015-16.]]
*'''5''': [[INEOS]] buys [[IGas]]' north-west shale gas assets, and becomes third UK’s third biggest shale gas licence holder. <ref> [http://www.ineos.com/news/ineos-group/ineos-to-acquire-significant-share-of-key-igas-north-west-shale-gas-assets INEOS to acquire significant share of key IGas North-West shale gas assets}, ''INEOS website'', 10 March 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

*'''12''': [[Celtique Energie]] will not appeal against refusal of planning permission in West Sussex. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-sussex-31846940 Celtique Energie drops two West Sussex drilling bids],  ''BBC News'', 12 March 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

*'''17''': Neath Port Talbot council permit [[UK Methane Ltd]] to drill an exploratory borehole for coal bed methane and shale gas at the Afan Valley beauty spot, the first such application to be approved in Wales. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-31923566 Drilling of borehole at Afan Valley beauty spot approved], ''BBC News'', 17 March 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref> 

*'''18''': [[Dart Energy]] challenge plans for a public inquiry into its fracking application at Dudleston Heath, near Ellesmere. <ref> [http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2015/03/18/gas-drilling-bosses-oppose-shropshire-public-inquiry/ Gas drilling bosses oppose Shropshire public inquiry], ''Shropshire Star'', 18 March 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

*'''26''': The government calls upon local councils to not 'gold-plate'  human rights law when evicting protest camps. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/418040/150326_Joint_Letter_Brandon_Lewis_MP_and_Rt_Hon_Mike_Penning_MP_-_Final.pdf Department for Communities and Local Government Uploads), ''GOV.uk'', 26 March 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

*'''28''': The government rejects the need for a moratorium on fracking to not exceed the UK’s carbon budget, disregarding the advice of the [[Environmental Audit Committee]]. <ref> [http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/environmental-audit-committee/environmental-risks-of-fracking/written/18683.pdf Government Response To The Environmental Audit Committee’s Inquiry Into Environmental Risks Of Fracking],  ''Parliament.uk'', 26 March 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

===April===
*'''23''': Over a quarter of general election candidates sign frack-free pledge. <ref> [http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/2405433/over-1-000-election-candidates-sign-frack-free-promise Over 1,000 election candidates sign 'Frack Free Promise'], businessGreen, 23 April 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

*'''28''': [[UK Oil and Gas Investments]] applies for an extension to its drilling licence at Horse Hill Well, Surrey. <ref> [http://irservices.netbuilder.com/ir/ukog/newsArticle.php?id=1469195&ST=UKOG Update - Horse Hill, UK Weald Basin], ''UK Oil & Gas Investments PLC Statement'', 28 April 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

===May===
*'''5''': [[Cuadrilla]] drills in Lancashire are found to be in breach of planning conditions.<ref> Ruth Hayhurst, [https://drillordrop.com/2015/05/05/investigation-finds-multiple-planning-breaches-and-technical-problems-at-cuadrillas-drilling-sites/ Investigation finds multiple planning breaches and technical problems at Cuadrilla’s drilling sites], ''Drill or Drop'', 5 May 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

*'''8''': [[IGas]] chief executive  [[Andrew Austin]] resigns following the official completion of the company's landmark acquisition of [[Dart Energy]], announced in late 2014.<ref> Niamh Burns, [https://www.energyvoice.com/other-news/78462/igas-chief-exec-steps-down/ IGas chief exec steps down], ''Energy Voice'', 8 May 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

*'''11''': Following the Conservative Party’s general election victory on 8 May, prime minister David Cameron appoints [[Amber Rudd]] as energy and climate change secretary, [[Liz Truss]] as secretary for environment, food and rural affairs and [[Greg Clark]] as communities and local government secretary. <ref> Jessica Elgot, Rowena Mason and Andrew Sparrow, [http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/11/david-camerons-new-cabinet-full-lineup David Cameron's new cabinet lineup], ''The Guardian'', 11 May 2015, accessed on 20 September 2016 </ref>

*'''22''': [[Third Energy]] submit application to frack near Kirby Misperton in Ryedale, North Yorkshire.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-32842250 North Yorkshire fracking plans submitted to council], ''BBC News'', 22 May 2015, accessed 16 September 2016</ref>

===June===
[[Image:FrackFreeLancCampaigners.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Protests outside Lancashire County Hall in Preston 2015]]
*'''4''': East Yorkshire council approves [[Rathlin Energy]]’s application for two exploratory wells at West Newton.  <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-33006748 Plans for third East Yorkshire oil and gas drill site approved], ''BBC News'', 4 June 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''8''':One of the UK's largest trade unions, the [[GMB]], comes out in support of fracking. <ref> [http://www.gmb.org.uk/newsroom/gmb-congress-on-onshore-fracking Archive | GMB Congress On Onshore Fracking], ''GMB website'', 8 June 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''11''': The government announces plans to standardise the environmental requirements fracking companies must meet to explore for shale gas. The move  is met with hostility by anti-fracking campaigners, who say the proposals will lessen the importance of local advisers and relax environmental scrutiny in the early stages of shale gas developments. <ref> Tom Bawden, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/government-trying-to-fast-track-fracking-without-public-consent-10314634.html Government trying to fast-track fracking without public consent], ''Independent'', 11 June 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''25''': In a breakthrough decision, Lancashire County Council (LCC) rejects [[Cuadrilla]]'s fracking application at Roseacre Wood. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-33277517 Roseacre Wood fracking bid rejected by Lancashire councillors], ''BBC News'', 25 June 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''29''': LCC rejects [[Cuadrilla]] planning application to explore for shale gas at Preston New Road. <ref> Adam Vaughan, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/29/fracking-application-cuadrilla-rejected-lancashire-county-council, Fracking application rejected by Lancashire county council], ''The Guardian'', 29 June 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

===July===
*'''1''': After much delay, the government releases the full report on the impact of fracking on rural economies. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/440791/draft-shale-gas-rural-economy-impact-report.pdf Draft Shale Gas Rural Economy Impacts paper], ''GOV.uk'', 1 July 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref> The government previously resisted releasing the report saying it was incomplete and against the public interest, but was forced to publish it after an appeal to the Information Commissioner. The report warns of significant risks to human health, house prices, tourism and farming. <ref> Tony Bosworth, [https://www.foe.co.uk/blog/defra-fracking-report-truths-government-tried-hide Defra fracking report – the truths the Government tried to hide], ''Friends of the Earth'', 3 July 2015, accessed 20 September 2016 </ref>

*'''14''': The [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Unconventional Oil and Gas]] meet to discuss the implications of the new government for the UK shale industry and future regulation of the sector. Speakers include [[Tony Carruthers]], Commercial Director at [[Cuadrilla]].<ref> [http://www.appgunconventionaloilandgas.com/implications-of-the-new-government-for-the-uk-shale-industry/ 
Implications of the new Government for the UK shale industry], ''APPG Unconventional Oil and Gas website'', 14 July 2015, accessed 21 September 2016.</ref>

*'''16''': The [[Task Force on Shale Gas]] calls for for greater safety and transparency measures on fracking, as well as 'full disclosure' of all chemicals to be used by the industry, and independent monitoring of the fracking process. <ref> Andy Rowell, [http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/climate/item/5791-uk-fracking-task-force-calls-for-improved-safety-standards UK Fracking Task Force calls for improved safety standards], ''Spinwatch'', 16 July 2015, accessed 21 September 2016.</ref>

*'''23''': The Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal, an international opinion tribunal, grants trial hearing on how fracking breaches human rights. <ref> Dr Damien Short and Dr Tom Kerns, [http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/2960192/permanent_peoples_tribunal_puts_fracking_on_trial.html Permanent Peoples' Tribunal puts fracking on trial], ''Ecologist'', 23 July 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

===August===
*'''8''': [[Europa]] wins an appeal against Surrey County Council to carry out exploratory drilling in an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty near Leith Hill. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-33834889 Energy firm wins Surrey Hills oil drilling battle], ''BBC News'', 8 August 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''13''': In a significant policy intervention, the government announces new “fast-track” measures to remove the decision making power of local authorities on fracking planning applications. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/faster-decision-making-on-shale-gas-for-economic-growth-and-energy-security Faster decision making on shale gas for economic growth and energy security], ''GOV.uk'', 13 August 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''18''': The government releases details mapping where new licences to explore for oil and gas have been awarded across England, 59 of which fall in wildlife protection sites. <ref> Emily Gosden, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/energy/fracking/11809113/Fracking-UK-could-it-happen-near-you.html Fracking in the UK: could it happen near you?], ''The Telegraph'', 18 August 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>
[[Image:Greg clark 1.jpg|250px|right|thumb| Former local government secretary Greg Clark.]]
*'''19''': The government reveals proposals that drilling of seismic monitoring boreholes be exempt from application for planning permission. <ref>  https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/452665/150810_Boreholes_PDRs_Govt_response_-_invitation_for_views.pdf Amendment to permitted development rights for drilling boreholes for groundwater monitoring for petroleum exploration], ''GOV.uk'', 1 August 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

===September===
*'''16''': The [[Task Force on Shale Gas]] advocates fracking as an alternative to coal while the UK transitions to renewables, but green campaigners insist pursuing fracking will increase the UK's net fossil fuel use.  <ref> Fiona Harvey, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/sep/16/shale-gas-fracking-go-ahead-in-uk-says-taskforce Shale gas fracking should go ahead in UK, says taskforce], ''The Guardian'', 16 September, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''16''': The local government secretary [[Greg Clark]] announces plans for government to commandeer decision-making power on shale gas appeals from “underperforming” local councils. <ref> [http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/written-questions-answers-statements/written-statement/Commons/2015-09-16/HCWS201/ Planning for Onshore Oil and Gas:Written statement - HCWS201], ''Parliament.uk'', 16 September 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''16''': The RSPB warns nearly 300 protected wildlife areas will be harmed across England from new fracking licences. <ref> [http://www.rspb.org.uk/media/releases/407155-almost-300-of-englands-most-important-wildlife-sites-at-risk-from-fracking  Almost 300 of England’s most important wildlife sites at risk from fracking], ''RSPB website'', 16 September 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''28''':  Northern Ireland’s environment minister [[Mark H Durkan]] disavows fracking, but does not impose a moratorium or permanent ban. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-34377268 Mark H Durkan publishes planning blueprint for Northern Ireland], ''BBC News'', 28 September 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

===October===
*'''9''': Ryedale District Council vote for a 5 year moratorium on fracking, although the final determination of ongoing fracking applications will be made by North Yorkshire County Council. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-34483941 Ryedale District Council votes on five-year fracking ban], ''BBC News'', 9 October 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''22''': A High Court judge  granted a judicial review of the decision by Lancashire County Council to approve [[Cuadrilla]]’s seismic monitoring scheme at Roseacre Wood. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-34618544 Group wins right to challenge Lancashire fracking monitoring plan], ''BBC News'', 24 October 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''26''': Minister of state at the department of energy and climate change, [[Andrea Leadsom]], addressed the [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Unconventional Oil and Gas]] on the government’s priorities for UK shale and the role of shale in the energy mix. <ref> [http://www.appgunconventionaloilandgas.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Summary-of-APPG-meeting-with-Andrea-Leadsom-MP1.pdf Summary of event with Andrea Leadsom MP, Minister of State at the Department of Energy
and Climate Change], ''APPG Unconventional Oil and Gas website'', 26 October 2015, accessed 21 September 2016. </ref>

===November===
[[Image:Andrea Leadsom MP.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Andrea Leadsom with John Blaymires Chief Operating Officer at IGas, 6 August 2015.]]*'''4''': The government introduces a fracking planning licence condition which bans any exploration in protected wildlife areas or designated landscapes. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/473795/Consultation_Surface_Restrictions_-_04_11_2015_FINAL.pdf Surface Development Restrictions for Hydraulic Fracturing], ''GOV.uk'', 4 November 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>
*'''17''': At least 16 business leaders included in a letter co-ordinated by the [[ North West Energy Task Force ]] urging Lancashire County Council (LCC) to approve Cuadrilla’s planning applications insist their signatures were used without consent and demand they be removed. <ref> [http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/14039649.Lancashire_fracking_backers____against_it_really___/  Lancashire fracking backers ‘against it really’], ''Lancashire Telegraph'', 18 November 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''25''': The government cancels a £1 billion competition for carbon capture and storage technology, days ahead of a UN climate summit in Paris, thereby breaking a Conservative manifesto pledge. <ref>  Damian Carrington, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/25/uk-cancels-pioneering-1bn-carbon-capture-and-storage-competition UK cancels pioneering £1bn carbon capture and storage competition, ''The Guardian'', 25 November 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref> On 15 December, the [[Task Force on Shale Gas]] criticised the move for damaging the long term viability of shale gas production. <ref> Damian Carrington, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/15/uk-is-going-into-reverse-on-clean-energy-says-former-environment-agency-head UK is going into reverse on clean energy, says former Environment Agency head], ''The Guardian'', 15 December 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''26''': In a controversial move, the task of determining [[Cuadrilla]]’s appeals against the refusal of planning permission for fracking at two sites in Lancashire is passed to secretary of state for communities and local government [[Greg Clark]]. The move is hotly contested by LCC.  <ref> Matthew Weaver, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/nov/27/lancashire-fracking-shale-gas-drilling-cuadrilla-greg-clark Minister says he will have final say on Lancashire fracking plan], ''The Guardian'', 27 November 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

===December===
*'''16''': In a controversial vote, MPs approve the government’s Draft Onshore Hydraulic Fracturing (Protected Areas) Regulations, allowing fracking under national parks. <ref> Frances Perraudin, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/16/fracking-under-national-parks-approved-by-mps-amid-acrimony Fracking under national parks approved by MPs amid acrimony], ''The Guardian'', 16 December 2015,  accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

*'''17''': The [[Oil and Gas Authority]] awards 93 new fracking licences, 21 of which were allocated to [[INEOS]]. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-35121390 New licences for UK shale gas exploration], ''BBC News'', 17 December 2015, accessed 19 September 2016 </ref>

==2016==


===January===
[[Image:Greenpeace fracking rig 1.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Greenpeace erect a model fracking rig outside Westminster, 9 February.]]

*'''4''': Lancashire County Council (LCC) request that the government reverse their decision to make [[Greg Clark]] have the final say in determining planning applications on fracking. On January 28, the government rejects this request. <ref> Andy Rowell, [http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/climate/item/5869-fracking-hypocrites-the-tories-localism-promises-don-t-apply-to-lancashire Fracking hypocrites: the Tories' 'localism' promises won't apply to Lancashire], ''Spinwatch'', 18 May 2016, accessed 21 September 2016. </ref>   

*'''8''': Senior [[INEOS]] executive, [[Tom Pickering]] says his company is focusing efforts in shale gas exploration away from Scotland, towards Cheshire and other areas of England. <ref>Ruth Hayhurst, [https://drillordrop.com/2016/01/08/ineos-interview-company-spotlight-turns-to-english-shale-gas-areas-2/ INEOS interview: Company spotlight turns to English shale gas areas], ''Drill or Drop'', 8 January 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref>

*'''12''': Bailiffs evict an anti-fracking protest camp at the [[IGas]] Duttons Lane site near Chester. More than 175 officers from four police forces were involved, and nine arrests.<ref>Damien Gayle, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jan/12/anti-fracking-protesters-dig-in-as-eviction-battle-starts-in-upton-cheshire Anti-fracking protesters evicted from Cheshire camp], ''The Guardian'', 12 January 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref>

*'''18''': MP for Thirsk and Malton, [[Kevin Hollinrake]], resigns as vice chair of the [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Unconventional Oil and Gas]], following pressure from his constituents. He is replaced on February 5 by [[David Mowat]], Conservative MP for Warrington South. At the same time, Kevin Hollinrake also announces he is setting up a new [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Shale Gas Regulation and Planning]], to which he will be chairman. <ref>Kevin Hollinrake, [https://www.kevinhollinrake.org.uk/news/all-party-parliamentary-group-appg-unconventional-oil-and-gas All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) on Unconventional Oil and Gas], ''Kevin Hollinrake's website'', 18 January 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref>
 
*'''19''': Nottinghamshire County Council approves [[IGas]]’s application for up to 12 groundwater monitoring boreholes at a proposed shale gas site to the north-east of Misson in Bassetlaw, despite 314 public objections against it. <ref> [http://www.retfordtimes.co.uk/misson-borehole-drilling-plan-given-green-light/story-28561596-detail/story.html Misson borehole drilling plan given the green light], ''Retford Times'', 19 January 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref>

*'''31''': A leaked government letter from July 2015, signed by energy secretary [[Amber Rudd]] , local government secretary [[Greg Clark]],  and environment secretary Liz Truss, reveals proposals to take decisions for fracking wells away from local councils were tabled shortly after Lancashire County Council refused permission to [[Cuadrilla]] to frack wells in the Fylde. Campaigners say the letter shows the government conspiring with fracking companies to take power away from local councils and communities. <ref>Christopher Hope, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/energy/fracking/12130801/Ministers-plot-to-foil-anti-frackers.html Ministers plot to foil anti-frackers], ''The Telegraph'', 30 January 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref>

===February===
[[Image:Frack Free Lanc.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Protesters gathered outside the public hearing of Cuadrilla's appeal inquiry.]]
*'''5''': [[IGas]] abandons plans to drill for coalbed methane at Upton near Chester, where a protest camp was previously evicted at a cost of £200,000 to [[Cheshire Police]].<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-merseyside-35504810 'No commercial drilling' at Upton anti-fracking protest site, IGas says], ''BBC News'', 5 February 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref> On 8 February the [[Police and Crime Commissioner for Cheshire]] demands IGas pay these costs back.<ref>David Holmes, [http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/news/chester-cheshire-news/outraged-cheshire-police-boss-aims-10859268 'Outraged' Cheshire police boss aims to recover £200K costs from energy firm], ''The Chester Chronicle'', 8 February 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref> In March, IGas says that it will not pay. <ref> [http://www.chesterstandard.co.uk/news/160178/energy-firm-igas-will-not-pay-for-upton-anti-fracking-camp-police-operation.aspx Energy firm IGas will not pay for Upton anti-fracking camp police operation], ''The Chester Standard'', 24 March 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''9''': High-profile inquiry begins on the planning appeals by [[Cuadrilla]] against Lancashire County Council (LCC)’s refusal of its applications to drill up to eight fracking wells, and seismic monitoring plans, across sites at Preston New Road and Roseacre Wood.<ref>Frances Perraudin, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/feb/09/lancashire-county-council-fracking-cuadrilla-public-inquiry Lancashire council's fracking refusal was 'democracy in action'], ''The Guardian'', 9 February 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref>

*'''23''': The [[Planning Inspectorate]] grants permission to [[Cuadrilla]] for site restoration and monitoring at the Grange Hill exploration site near Singleton in Lancashire, despite LCC refusing permission in May 2015.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-35642204 Cuadrilla wins Lancashire monitoring site appeal], ''BBC News'', 23 February 2016, accessed 13 September 2016</ref>

===March===
*'''15''': Ryedale District Council votes against [[Third Energy]] fracking near the village of Kirby Misperton, and recommends North Yorkshire County Council  opposes fracking at the existing KM8 well.<ref> [http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/update/2016-03-15/ryedale-district-council-votes-to-oppose-fracking-at-site-in-kirby-misperton/ Ryedale District Council votes to oppose fracking at site in Kirby Misperton], ''ITV News'', 15 March 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref> 

*'''16''': Closing day of the public inquiry into [[Cuadrilla]]'s appeal against Lancashire County Council to drill up to eight fracking wells and seismic monitoring plans, across sites at Preston New Road and Roseacre Wood. <ref> [http://www.blackpoolgazette.co.uk/news/business/final-arguments-as-fylde-frack-appeal-ends-after-19-days-1-7802199], ''The Blackpool Gazette'', 17 March 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''23''': [[Coastal Oil and Gas]] appeals its refused application for an exploratory test well at Hendre Farm, Llanharan.<ref>[https://acp.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/ViewCase.aspx?CaseID=3145869&CoID=0 Appeals Casework Portal Reference: APP/L6940/A/16/3145869] ''GOV.uk'', accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''26''': Welsh natural resources minister [[Carl Sargeant]] extends Wales' moratorium on unconventional gas and oil developments to underground coal gasification. <ref> [http://gov.wales/newsroom/environmentandcountryside/2016/160325-minister-moratorium/?lang=en Minister extends moratorium to underground coal gasification], ''GOV.wales'', 25 March 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''30''': Surrey Council approves extending [[IGas]] oil and gas production sites near Bletchingley Central. <ref>Ruth Hayhurst, [https://drillordrop.com/2016/03/30/go-ahead-for-15-years-of-gas-and-oil-production-at-igas-site-in-surrey/ IGas gets go-ahead for 15 years of gas and oil production at Bletchingley, Surrey], ''Drill or Drop'', 30 March 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

===April===
*'''6''': Regulations on fracking well depths come into force. <ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/about-shale-gas-and-hydraulic-fracturing-fracking/developing-shale-oil-and-gas-in-the-uk Guidance on fracking: developing shale oil and gas in the UK], ''GOV.uk'', accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''11''': [[Third Energy]] is granted environmental permit for the KM8 shale gas well at Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire. <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/third-energy-is-granted-fracking-permits-for-a-site-in-north-yorkshire Third Energy is granted fracking permits for a site in North Yorkshire], ''GOV.uk'', 11 April 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''20''': Minister of state at the department of energy and climate change, [[Andrea Leadsom]], is speaker at the first meeting of the [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Shale Gas Regulation and Planning]]. <ref> http://appgshalegas.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/160420-Transcript-APPG-on-Shale-Gas-Regulation-Planning.pdf TRANSCRIPT OF APPG ON SHALE GAS REGULATION & PLANNING 20TH APRIL 2016], ''APPGShalegas.uk'', 20 April 2016, accessed 21 September 2016.</ref>

*'''27''': The [[Energy and Climate Change Select Committee]] warns the UK will miss its 2030 carbon reduction targets without regulating gas-fired power stations.<ref> [http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/energy-and-climate-change-committee/news-parliament-2015/fifth-carbon-budget-report-published-15-16/ Government should accept recommendation on fifth carbon budget], ''Parliament.uk'', 27 April 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''28''': Public support for fracking in the UK falls to an all-time low according to a government poll. Most notably, just 19 per cent of people backed fracking while support for renewables surged to 81 per cent in the [[Department of Energy and Climate Change]]'s long running public attitude tracker poll.<ref> Adam Vaughan, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/28/uk-support-for-fracking-hits-new-low UK support for fracking hits new low], ''The Guardian'', 28 April 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

===May===
*'''5''': [[INEOS]] sets out summer timetable for seismic surveying and monitoring across England.<ref> Greg Russell, [http://www.thenational.scot/news/ineos-claims-medias-scare-stories-over-fracking-are-distorting-publics-perceptions-of-the-issue.17140 Ineos claims media's 'scare stories' over fracking are distorting public's perceptions of the issue], ''The National'', 5 May 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>
[[Image:Egan-crop YouTube-video Aug2013.png|250px|right|thumb|Francis Egan, head of Cuadrilla]]
*'''18''': [[Francis Egan]], the head of [[Cuadrilla]], urges government to fight councils on planning application delays.<ref> Damian Carrington, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/may/19/fracking-investors-losing-patience-with-planning-delays-says-industry-boss Fracking investors losing patience with planning delays, says industry boss], ''The Guardian'', 19 May 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''23''': In a landmark decision, North Yorkshire County Council approve [[Third Energy]]'s application to explore for shale at Kirby Misperton in Ryedale, despite overwhelming local opposition.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-36356245 Landmark North Yorkshire fracking operation approved], ''BBC News'', 23 May 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''27''': [[UK Oil and Gas Investments]] will invest £4 million  in exploratory fracking in the Weald Basin, Southern England. <ref> [http://irpages2.equitystory.com/websites/rns_news/English/1100/news-tool---rns---eqs-group.html?article=24462878&company=ukog UK Oil & Gas Investments PLC ("UKOG" or the "Company") Placing for  Further Funding for Weald Basin Activities], accessed on 14 September 2016</ref>

===June===
*'''1''': The Scottish Parliament votes for a ban on fracking.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-36422083 MSPs vote in favour of a fracking ban as SNP abstain], ''BBC News'', 1 June 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''6''': Northern Ireland legislates for mandatory planning applications for unconventional oil and gas exploration sites.<ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-36461337 Woodburn oil well: Infrastructure minister 'to change planning process'], ''BBC News'', 6 June 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''13''': [[UK Oil and Gas Investments]] pays [[Celtique Energie]] and [[Magellan]] £3.5 million for an exploration licence in West Sussex .<ref> [http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/news/market-news/market-news-detail/UKOG/12850621.html UK Oil & Gas Investments PLC ("UKOG" or the "Company") Acquisition of 100% interest in 300 sq km Licence in Weald Kimmeridge Limestone Oil Province ], ''London Stock Exchange'', 13 June 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

===July===
[[Image:NewCabinet.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Prime minster Theresa May's cabinet, 13 September 2016.]]
*'''7''': The [[Committee on Climate Change]] calls for stronger regulations on shale gas development so that the UK does not exceed its carbon budget.<ref> [https://www.theccc.org.uk/2016/07/07/exploitation-of-onshore-petroleum-requires-three-key-tests-to-be-met-ccc-says/ Exploitation of onshore petroleum requires three key tests to be met, CCC says], ''Committee on Climate Change'', 7 July 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''8''': IGas's application for an exploration well at Tinker Lane in Bassetlaw, north Nottinghamshire, is rejected by local planning committee. <ref> [http://frackfreetinkerlane.uk/uncategorized/bassetlaw-planners-make-seismic-decision/ Bassetlaw planners make seismic decision], ''Frack Free Tinker Lane'', July 8 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''13''': Surrey County Council approves [[IGas]] plans to convert a shale gas exploration site near Guildford to gas production.<ref> [http://mycouncil.surreycc.gov.uk/ieListDocuments.aspx?CId=122&MId=4318&Ver=4 Surrey County Council Agenda and minutes], ''GOV.uk'', 13 July 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''14''': Following the UK’s referendum vote to leave the EU on 24 June, the resignation of [[David Cameron]], and [[Theresa May]]’s victory in a Conservative Party leadership contest and subsequent assumption as the new prime minister on 13 July, [[Andrea Leadsom]] is appointed environment secretary, [[Sajid Javid]] becomes communities and local government secretary, and [[Greg Clark]] is appointed secretary for business, energy and industrial strategy (BEIS). <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36790710 Theresa May shakes up government with new-look cabinet], ''BBC News'', 14 July 2016, accessed 21 September 2016 </ref> In a widely condemned move, [[Theresa May]] abolishes the department of energy and climate change. The previous brief of the department for energy and climate change integrates into BEIS. <ref> Ian Johnston, [http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change-department-killed-off-by-theresa-may-in-plain-stupid-and-deeply-worrying-move-a7137166.html Climate change department closed by Theresa May in 'plain stupid' and 'deeply worrying' move], ''The Independent'', 14 July 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''19''': Director of [[INEOS]] [[Tom Crotty]] announces plans to apply for over 30 fracking planning applications within the next 6 months, with the expectation of extracting gas in about 18 months. <ref> Andy Rowell, [http://www.spinwatch.org/index.php/issues/climate/item/5889-chemical-giant-ineos-plans-30-frack-wells-in-uk-within-months Chemical giant Ineos plans 30 frack wells in UK within months], ''Spinwatch'', 19 July 2016, accessed 21 September 2016 </ref>

===August===
*'''2''': [[Rathlin Energy]] receive environmental permit to frack at West Newton, East Yorkshire.<ref> [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hu11-4lp-rathlin-energy-uk-limited-environmental-permit-issued HU11 4LP, Rathlin Energy UK Limited: environmental permit issued], ''GOV.uk'', 2 August 2016, accessed 14 September 2016</ref>

*'''7''': New UK prime minister [[Theresa May]] proposes compensating people affected by fracking with cash payments. Green campaigners accuse the PM of attempting to bribe individual residents to pass fracking applications.  <ref> Daniel Boffey, [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/06/fracking-local-people-payments-theresa-may Local people to get cash payments from fracking], ''The Guardian'', 7 August 2016, 14 September 2016</ref>

===September===
*'''6''': In a House of Lords hearing, minister of state at the department for business, energy and industrial strategy [[Baroness Neville-Rolfe]] refuses to disclose what level of carbon emissions from fracking wells is considered acceptable by the government. <ref> [https://hansard.parliament.uk/lords/2016-09-06/debates/16090640000433/ClimateChangeFracking Climate Change: Fracking Volume 774], ''Parliament.uk'', 06 September 2016, accessed 20 September 2016</ref>

*'''7''': At a meeting of the [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Shale Gas Regulation and Planning]], [[Tom Pickering]] of [[INEOS]], [[David Robbotom]] of [[Third Energy]] and [[John Blaymires]] of [[IGas]] each refuse to offer a an estimate on the  upper limit number of fracking sites in exploration licence blocks. <ref> [http://appgshalegas.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/160907-Transcript-APPG-on-Shale-Gas-Regulation-Planning.pdf Transcript Of APPG On Shale Gas Regulation & Planning Wednesday 7th September 2016], ''APPGShalegas.uk'', accessed 20 September 2016</ref>

*'''13''': At a meeting of the [[All-Party Parliamentary Group on Unconventional Oil and Gas]], veteran US shale geologist and associate of [[INEOS]] warns that the Bowland Basin in Lancashire, where [[Cuadrilla]] has applied to frack, does not offer promising gas production prospects due to its complex basin structure. <ref> Ruth Hayhurst, [https://drillordrop.com/2016/09/13/fylde-doesnt-look-promising-for-fracking-veteran-us-geologist/ Fylde doesn’t look promising for fracking – veteran US geologist], ''Drill or Drop'', 13 September 2016, accessed 20 September 2016</ref>

*'''14''': [[South Western Energy]] announces it will not pursue four of the its awarded licences to explore for shale gas in the Forest of Dean and Wiltshire. <ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-37376392 Fracking licences in Gloucestershire and Wiltshire 'will not be used'], ''BBC News'', 15 September 2016, accessed 20 September 2016</ref>

==Notes==

<references/>

[[Category:Fracking]]