Difference between revisions of "Strategic Communication Laboratories"

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==What is SCL for?==
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'''Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL)''' is a London based communications company set up by former advertising executive and old-Etonian [[Nigel Oakes]]. It calls itself, “the leading supplier of strategic communications, information operations and public diplomacy to governments and military clients around the world.” SCL’s approach to propaganda is based upon a methodology developed by the associated [[Behavioural Dynamics Institute]]. This apparently secret methodology was – according to SCL’s website - developed with $20 million funding from SCL’s backers.<ref>Strategic Communication Laboratories, [http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=2 History], (20 June 2008)</ref>
Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL) was formed in 1993 because
 
  
:'The demand for the agency grew out of the failure and frustration many clients experienced when trying to apply traditional marketing techniques to non-commercial issues, such as resolution of wars and civil strife, strike aversion, international crises and riot control.' <ref> [http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=2 Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref>
+
==Origins of the company==
 +
The company’s website states that SCL was formed in 1993<ref>Strategic Communication Laboratories, [http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=2 History], (20 June 2008)</ref> although the company was not registered at Companies House until 20 July 2005. In September that year the company officially launched as a military communications company at the Defence Systems and Equipment International (DSEi) arms show at London’s Excel Centre. Reporting the launch, ''The Observer'' called SCL a UK political communications consultancy firm, which it said was ''re-launching'' as a psyops operator.<ref>Oliver Morgan, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2005/sep/11/theobserver.observerbusiness4 ‘Lobby firm goes to war’], ''The Observer'', 11 September 2005</ref>
 +
What legal personality the company had prior to the 2005 re-launch - if any - is not clear. Companies House lists no former companies under that name although there were several companies affiliated to the founder [[Nigel Oakes]] during the 1990s so perhaps it existed in name only, whilst legally taking the form of a network of offshore entities. It must have existed in some sense because several newspapers in 2000 reported that the company had worked for the Indonesian government. Australia’s ''The Age'' reported at the time that SCL had operated in Indonesia since the final days of the Suharto regime<ref>Simon Mann, ‘PR tweaks president, then folds his tent’, ''The Age'', 7 August 2000</ref> which confirms the company’s existence at least as far back as 1998. What it was, and what it was doing between its purported formation in 1993 and its first appearance in the press in 2000 however is unknown.
 +
 
 +
==Activities==
 +
SCL is clearly involved in military propaganda operations although no specific details are known of its operations. SCL’s website states that:
 +
 
 +
:'The demand for the agency grew out of the failure and frustration many clients experienced when trying to apply traditional marketing techniques to non-commercial issues, such as resolution of wars and civil strife, strike aversion, international crises and riot control.'<ref>SLC Website, [http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=2 Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref>
  
 
Quoting Abraham Lincoln, the opening page of SCL's website clearly states its objective:  
 
Quoting Abraham Lincoln, the opening page of SCL's website clearly states its objective:  
  
:"Public sentiment is everything. With public sentiment nothing can fail. Without it nothing can succeed. He who molds public opinion is greater than he who enacts laws." <ref>[http://www.scl.cc/home.php Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref>
+
:"Public sentiment is everything. With public sentiment nothing can fail. Without it nothing can succeed. He who molds public opinion is greater than he who enacts laws."<ref> SLC Website, [http://www.scl.cc/home.php Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref>
  
Here is another, perhaps more methodologicaly appropriate, quote often attributed to Lincoln:
+
Here is another, perhaps more methodologically appropriate, quote often attributed to Lincoln:
  
 
:You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.<ref>Quote DB [http://www.quotedb.com/quotes/4183 Authors :: Abraham Lincoln], accessed February 2007.</ref>
 
:You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.<ref>Quote DB [http://www.quotedb.com/quotes/4183 Authors :: Abraham Lincoln], accessed February 2007.</ref>
  
Who are SCL out to fool and with what, is not immediately obvious from their description of themselves.  They are pioneers of "a new methodology" based on "16 years of academic research and development conducted at 42 universities around the globe."  But what is it?
+
Who are SCL out to fool and with what, is not immediately obvious from their description of themselves.  They are pioneers of "a new methodology" based on "16 years of academic research and development conducted at 42 universities around the globe."  But what is it?
  
 
:"The methodology uses 'scientific techniques' from a variety of social sciences to make ‘communications with groups’ far more effective (and measurable)."
 
:"The methodology uses 'scientific techniques' from a variety of social sciences to make ‘communications with groups’ far more effective (and measurable)."
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''Public diplomacy'', ''information operations'' and ''strategic communication'' are the polite terms for propaganda, spin and psychological operations, a further look at the site reveals that this methodology has a name (and an institiute) the 'Behavioural Dynamics Institute' a 'virtual lab' led by Professor Phil Taylor of Leeds University.
 
''Public diplomacy'', ''information operations'' and ''strategic communication'' are the polite terms for propaganda, spin and psychological operations, a further look at the site reveals that this methodology has a name (and an institiute) the 'Behavioural Dynamics Institute' a 'virtual lab' led by Professor Phil Taylor of Leeds University.
  
At times their tone can be a bit ominous "In a world where the perception is the reality, all countries need to have the capability to manage their own perceptual alignment – otherwise someone else will."  But they are not without humour, and quote Sourcewatch on their own site. [http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=40] Nigel Oakes, their CEO has stated: 'We used to be in the business of mindbending for political purposes....' <ref>[http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=37]</ref>
+
At times their tone can be a bit ominous "In a world where the perception is the reality, all countries need to have the capability to manage their own perceptual alignment – otherwise someone else will."  But they are not without humour, and quote Sourcewatch on their own site.[http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=40] Nigel Oakes, their CEO has stated: 'We used to be in the business of mindbending for political purposes....'<ref>[http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=37]</ref>
  
The company pledges strict confidentiality, saying that "absolutely no information concerning any of our past projects will be made available under any circumstances".<ref> [http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=2 Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref>However, Oakes has admitted working in South Africa, but refused to talk about any other clients.
+
==Areas of operation==
==Lobbying firm==
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The company pledges strict confidentiality, saying that “absolutely no information concerning any of our past projects will be made available under any circumstances”.<ref>[http://www.scl.cc/article.php?id=2 Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref> However, [[Nigel Oakes]] did tell ''Slate Magazine'' that they have worked for post-Apartheid South Africa and the United Nations.<ref>Sharon Weinberger, [http://www.slate.com/id/2126479/ ‘You Can't Handle the Truth: Psy-ops propaganda goes mainstream’], ''Slate Magazine'' 19 September 2005</ref> SCL are also known to have operated in Indonesia until 2000 and were reportedly operating there since at least 1998<ref>Simon Mann, ‘PR tweaks president, then folds his tent’, ''The Age'', 7 August 2000</ref> (see the page on SLC hea [[Nigel Oakes]] for further details).
 +
 
 +
It is also extremely likely that SCL are involved in operations in Afghanistan. A word document previously posted on [[RUSI|RUSI’s]] website lists retired colonel [[Ian Tunnicliffe]] of ‘Strategic Communications [sic.] Laboratories’ as a presenter of a talk at the [[RUSI]] event ''Countering Asymmetric Taliban Strategies in Afghanistan'', held on 26 March 2008. The session Tunnicliffe co-presented was
 +
entitled ''Winning and Maintaining Indigenous Support: Current and Future Strategies''.<ref>Google [[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&cr=countryUK%7CcountryGB&q=cache%3Ahttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusi.org%2Fdownloads%2Fassets%2FProgramme.doc html version]] of the file http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/Programme.doc</ref>
 +
 
 +
==Lobbying the Pentagon==
 
In April 2007 it was reported that:
 
In April 2007 it was reported that:
 
+
<blockquote style="background-color:beige;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%">Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL), has retained the lobbying firm [[Global Policy Group]] to help it win contracts with the American government, and specially from the Pentagon. The U.S. military already employs several psychological operations (psyops) consultants in Iraq and, to a lesser degree, in Afghanistan.<ref>British Psyops for Pentagon, ''Intelligence Online'', 20 April 2007</ref> </blockquote> Congressional filings indicate that SCL spent approximately $20,000 lobbying the Department of Defense, Congress and the Department of Labour on ‘defense’ and ‘foreign ops’.<ref>[[Media:Global Policy Partners Mid-Year-Report 2007.pdf|Global Policy Partners Mid-Year-Report 2007]]</ref>
:Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL), has retained the lobbying firm [[Global Policy Group]] to help it win contracts with the American government, and specially from the Pentagon. The U.S. military already employs several psychological operations (psyops) consultants in Iraq and, to a lesser degree, in Afghanistan.<ref>British Psyops for Pentagon, ''Intelligence Online'', April 20, 2007</ref>
 
  
 
==People==
 
==People==
Line 45: Line 55:
 
*Professor [[Phil Taylor]] BA PhD – [[Behavioural Dynamics Institute]] Advisory Board  
 
*Professor [[Phil Taylor]] BA PhD – [[Behavioural Dynamics Institute]] Advisory Board  
 
*[[Gavin McNicoll]] Advisory Board <ref>[http://www.scl.cc/staff.php Strategic Communication Laboratories] </ref>
 
*[[Gavin McNicoll]] Advisory Board <ref>[http://www.scl.cc/staff.php Strategic Communication Laboratories] </ref>
====Ex Directors====
+
 
*[[Peter Varnish]] was listed as a member of the Advisory board in December 2005.<ref>SCL [http://web.archive.org/web/20060508043854/www.scl.cc/staff.php Key Management], Retrieved from the Web archive dated 30 December 2005, accessed 9 January 2008</ref>
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====Former Directors====
 +
*[[Peter Varnish]] was listed as a member of the Advisory board in December 2005.<ref>SCL [http://web.archive.org/web/20060508043854/www.scl.cc/staff.php Key Management], Retrieved from the Web archive dated 30 December 2005, accessed 9 January 2008</ref>
 +
===Known staff===
 +
*[[Mark Broughton]], public affairs director (in 2005) <ref> Sharon Weinberger, [http://www.slate.com/id/2126479/ ‘You Can't Handle the Truth: Psy-ops propaganda goes mainstream’], ''Slate Magazine'' 19 September 2005</ref>
  
 
===Shareholders===
 
===Shareholders===
*[[Vincent Tchenguiz]] 'In security, he has acquired 23 per cent of Strategic Communications Laboratories'<ref>Jenny Davey 'Tchenguiz turns focus to green projects' The Times (London), January 31, 2006, Tuesday Pg. 45</ref>
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Several of the company directors hold shares in the company and there are a number of non-executive shareholders. In early 2006 it was reported that the Iranian born London property tycoon [[Vincent Tchenguiz]] had acquired 23 per cent of Strategic Communications Laboratories,<ref>Jenny Davey 'Tchenguiz turns focus to green projects' The Times (London), 31 January 2006, Tuesday Pg. 45</ref> and in May that year the investment company [[Viatrade PLC]] bought a small stake. Conservative Party treasurer and venture capitalist [[Jonathan Marland]] also holds shares, as does his company [[Herriot Ltd]].
 +
 
 +
The company’s latest Annual Returns<ref>Strategic Communication Laboratories [[Media:SCL 363a made up to 20 July 2006.pdf|Annual Returns made up to 20 July 2006]]</ref> (made up to 20 July 2006) list the following shareholders. They are arranged in descending order according to their share allocation.
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Nigel Oakes]]
 +
:Address: 11 Battersea Church Road, London
 +
:UK postcode: SW11 3LY
 +
:Shares held: 14,849
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Roger Gabb]]
 +
:Address: Woodlands Hall, Glazely, Bridgnorth, Shropshire
 +
:UK postcode: WV16 6AB
 +
:Shares held: 11,266
 +
 
 +
:Name: R M Gabb, M A Gabb and M J Thompson as Trustees of the Glendower Settlement
 +
:Address: Woodlands Hall, Glazely, Bridgnorth, Shropshire
 +
:UK postcode: WV16 6AB
 +
:Shares held: 11,266
 +
 
 +
:Name: Share Nominees Ltd on behalf of the Fund
 +
:Address: Oxford House, Oxford Road, Aylesbury
 +
:UK postcode: HP21V 8SZ
 +
:Shares held: 9,013
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Alex Oakes|Alexander Waddinton Oakes]]
 +
:Address: 40B Montpelier Square, London
 +
:UK postcode: SW7 1JZ
 +
:Shares held: 7,429
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Paul Nix|Paul David Ashburner Nix]]
 +
:Address: 13 Porchester Terrace, London
 +
:UK postcode: W2 3TH
 +
:Shares held: 5,633
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Alexander Nix|Alexander James Ashburner Nix]]
 +
:Address: 13 Porchester Terrace, London
 +
:UK postcode: W2 3TH
 +
:Shares held: 5,249
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Jonathan Marland|Jonathan Peter Marland]]
 +
:Address: Odstock Manor, Odstock Salisbury
 +
:UK postcode: SP5 4JA
 +
:Shares held: 563
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Viatrade PLC]]
 +
:Address: The Quadrangle, 2nd Floor, 180 Wardour Street, London
 +
:UK postcode: W1F 8FY
 +
:Shares held: 507
 +
 
 +
:Name: [[Herriot Ltd]]
 +
:Address: Odstock Manor, Odstock Salisbury
 +
:UK postcode: SP5 4JA
 +
:Shares held: 338
 +
 
 +
:Name: S Marland & P Addington as Trustees of J P Markand’s child.
 +
:Address: Odstock Manor, Odstock, Salisbury
 +
:UK postcode: SP5 4JA
 +
:Shares held: 225
  
 
==Address==
 
==Address==
 
 
SCL are based at 33 [[St James's Square]] London SW1Y 4JS, <ref>[http://www.scl.cc/contactscl.php Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref> according to their website, this houses 18 separate companies. These include [[Anglo & International Corporate Finance Ltd]], [[Kobe Steel Europe Ltd]], and [[Scotland & Associates]]. <ref>[http://www.royalmail.com/portal/rm/addressfinder;jsessionid=MNZPRLEAXSAPSFB2IGFENZQUHRAYWQ2K?catId=400145&pageId=pcaf_a_ma_results&_requestid=106779&gear=postcode Postcode]</ref> The Website according to http://www.whois.net was registered by REGISTER.COM, INC. <ref>[http://www.whois.net/whois_new.cgi?d=scl&tld=cc www.whois.net], accessed 14/02/07</ref> whose principal activity is to provide internet domain name registration and other online products and services such as web hosting, email, domain name forwarding and advertising.
 
SCL are based at 33 [[St James's Square]] London SW1Y 4JS, <ref>[http://www.scl.cc/contactscl.php Strategic Communication Laboratories]</ref> according to their website, this houses 18 separate companies. These include [[Anglo & International Corporate Finance Ltd]], [[Kobe Steel Europe Ltd]], and [[Scotland & Associates]]. <ref>[http://www.royalmail.com/portal/rm/addressfinder;jsessionid=MNZPRLEAXSAPSFB2IGFENZQUHRAYWQ2K?catId=400145&pageId=pcaf_a_ma_results&_requestid=106779&gear=postcode Postcode]</ref> The Website according to http://www.whois.net was registered by REGISTER.COM, INC. <ref>[http://www.whois.net/whois_new.cgi?d=scl&tld=cc www.whois.net], accessed 14/02/07</ref> whose principal activity is to provide internet domain name registration and other online products and services such as web hosting, email, domain name forwarding and advertising.
  
== Partners ==
+
==Affiliated Companies==
 
+
*[[Behavioural Dynamics Institute]]. associated research company
Strategic Communication Laboratories have two partners [[Advanced Strategic Initiatives]], Inc. and [[VT]].
+
*[[Advanced Strategic Initiatives]], Inc, partner
 +
*[[VT]], partner
  
 
==notes==
 
==notes==
''Sunday Times'', August 6, 2000
 
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
[[Category:Psychological Warfare]][[Category:Public relations firms]]
 
[[Category:Psychological Warfare]][[Category:Public relations firms]]

Revision as of 12:37, 20 June 2008

Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL) is a London based communications company set up by former advertising executive and old-Etonian Nigel Oakes. It calls itself, “the leading supplier of strategic communications, information operations and public diplomacy to governments and military clients around the world.” SCL’s approach to propaganda is based upon a methodology developed by the associated Behavioural Dynamics Institute. This apparently secret methodology was – according to SCL’s website - developed with $20 million funding from SCL’s backers.[1]

Origins of the company

The company’s website states that SCL was formed in 1993[2] although the company was not registered at Companies House until 20 July 2005. In September that year the company officially launched as a military communications company at the Defence Systems and Equipment International (DSEi) arms show at London’s Excel Centre. Reporting the launch, The Observer called SCL a UK political communications consultancy firm, which it said was re-launching as a psyops operator.[3] What legal personality the company had prior to the 2005 re-launch - if any - is not clear. Companies House lists no former companies under that name although there were several companies affiliated to the founder Nigel Oakes during the 1990s so perhaps it existed in name only, whilst legally taking the form of a network of offshore entities. It must have existed in some sense because several newspapers in 2000 reported that the company had worked for the Indonesian government. Australia’s The Age reported at the time that SCL had operated in Indonesia since the final days of the Suharto regime[4] which confirms the company’s existence at least as far back as 1998. What it was, and what it was doing between its purported formation in 1993 and its first appearance in the press in 2000 however is unknown.

Activities

SCL is clearly involved in military propaganda operations although no specific details are known of its operations. SCL’s website states that:

'The demand for the agency grew out of the failure and frustration many clients experienced when trying to apply traditional marketing techniques to non-commercial issues, such as resolution of wars and civil strife, strike aversion, international crises and riot control.'[5]

Quoting Abraham Lincoln, the opening page of SCL's website clearly states its objective:

"Public sentiment is everything. With public sentiment nothing can fail. Without it nothing can succeed. He who molds public opinion is greater than he who enacts laws."[6]

Here is another, perhaps more methodologically appropriate, quote often attributed to Lincoln:

You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time.[7]

Who are SCL out to fool and with what, is not immediately obvious from their description of themselves. They are pioneers of "a new methodology" based on "16 years of academic research and development conducted at 42 universities around the globe." But what is it?

"The methodology uses 'scientific techniques' from a variety of social sciences to make ‘communications with groups’ far more effective (and measurable)."

What this scientific methodology does is enable governments 'and countries' to 'manage their relationships with their key audience groups through more powerful communication.' SCL offers various solutions based on this methodology to help countries in specific governmental areas such as defence, foreign affairs, internal security, health, finance and tourism. The site also tells us that SCL are the 'leading supplier of strategic communications, information operations and [public diplomacy] to governments and military clients around the world'. Communication can be more than just propaganda. Their section on Homeland Security [2] tells us they are in the business of 'population control.'

Public diplomacy, information operations and strategic communication are the polite terms for propaganda, spin and psychological operations, a further look at the site reveals that this methodology has a name (and an institiute) the 'Behavioural Dynamics Institute' a 'virtual lab' led by Professor Phil Taylor of Leeds University.

At times their tone can be a bit ominous "In a world where the perception is the reality, all countries need to have the capability to manage their own perceptual alignment – otherwise someone else will." But they are not without humour, and quote Sourcewatch on their own site.[3] Nigel Oakes, their CEO has stated: 'We used to be in the business of mindbending for political purposes....'[8]

Areas of operation

The company pledges strict confidentiality, saying that “absolutely no information concerning any of our past projects will be made available under any circumstances”.[9] However, Nigel Oakes did tell Slate Magazine that they have worked for post-Apartheid South Africa and the United Nations.[10] SCL are also known to have operated in Indonesia until 2000 and were reportedly operating there since at least 1998[11] (see the page on SLC hea Nigel Oakes for further details).

It is also extremely likely that SCL are involved in operations in Afghanistan. A word document previously posted on RUSI’s website lists retired colonel Ian Tunnicliffe of ‘Strategic Communications [sic.] Laboratories’ as a presenter of a talk at the RUSI event Countering Asymmetric Taliban Strategies in Afghanistan, held on 26 March 2008. The session Tunnicliffe co-presented was entitled Winning and Maintaining Indigenous Support: Current and Future Strategies.[12]

Lobbying the Pentagon

In April 2007 it was reported that:

Strategic Communication Laboratories (SCL), has retained the lobbying firm Global Policy Group to help it win contracts with the American government, and specially from the Pentagon. The U.S. military already employs several psychological operations (psyops) consultants in Iraq and, to a lesser degree, in Afghanistan.[13]

Congressional filings indicate that SCL spent approximately $20,000 lobbying the Department of Defense, Congress and the Department of Labour on ‘defense’ and ‘foreign ops’.[14]

People

Board of Directors

Former Directors

Known staff

Shareholders

Several of the company directors hold shares in the company and there are a number of non-executive shareholders. In early 2006 it was reported that the Iranian born London property tycoon Vincent Tchenguiz had acquired 23 per cent of Strategic Communications Laboratories,[19] and in May that year the investment company Viatrade PLC bought a small stake. Conservative Party treasurer and venture capitalist Jonathan Marland also holds shares, as does his company Herriot Ltd.

The company’s latest Annual Returns[20] (made up to 20 July 2006) list the following shareholders. They are arranged in descending order according to their share allocation.

Name: Nigel Oakes
Address: 11 Battersea Church Road, London
UK postcode: SW11 3LY
Shares held: 14,849
Name: Roger Gabb
Address: Woodlands Hall, Glazely, Bridgnorth, Shropshire
UK postcode: WV16 6AB
Shares held: 11,266
Name: R M Gabb, M A Gabb and M J Thompson as Trustees of the Glendower Settlement
Address: Woodlands Hall, Glazely, Bridgnorth, Shropshire
UK postcode: WV16 6AB
Shares held: 11,266
Name: Share Nominees Ltd on behalf of the Fund
Address: Oxford House, Oxford Road, Aylesbury
UK postcode: HP21V 8SZ
Shares held: 9,013
Name: Alexander Waddinton Oakes
Address: 40B Montpelier Square, London
UK postcode: SW7 1JZ
Shares held: 7,429
Name: Paul David Ashburner Nix
Address: 13 Porchester Terrace, London
UK postcode: W2 3TH
Shares held: 5,633
Name: Alexander James Ashburner Nix
Address: 13 Porchester Terrace, London
UK postcode: W2 3TH
Shares held: 5,249
Name: Jonathan Peter Marland
Address: Odstock Manor, Odstock Salisbury
UK postcode: SP5 4JA
Shares held: 563
Name: Viatrade PLC
Address: The Quadrangle, 2nd Floor, 180 Wardour Street, London
UK postcode: W1F 8FY
Shares held: 507
Name: Herriot Ltd
Address: Odstock Manor, Odstock Salisbury
UK postcode: SP5 4JA
Shares held: 338
Name: S Marland & P Addington as Trustees of J P Markand’s child.
Address: Odstock Manor, Odstock, Salisbury
UK postcode: SP5 4JA
Shares held: 225

Address

SCL are based at 33 St James's Square London SW1Y 4JS, [21] according to their website, this houses 18 separate companies. These include Anglo & International Corporate Finance Ltd, Kobe Steel Europe Ltd, and Scotland & Associates. [22] The Website according to http://www.whois.net was registered by REGISTER.COM, INC. [23] whose principal activity is to provide internet domain name registration and other online products and services such as web hosting, email, domain name forwarding and advertising.

Affiliated Companies

notes

  1. Strategic Communication Laboratories, History, (20 June 2008)
  2. Strategic Communication Laboratories, History, (20 June 2008)
  3. Oliver Morgan, ‘Lobby firm goes to war’, The Observer, 11 September 2005
  4. Simon Mann, ‘PR tweaks president, then folds his tent’, The Age, 7 August 2000
  5. SLC Website, Strategic Communication Laboratories
  6. SLC Website, Strategic Communication Laboratories
  7. Quote DB Authors :: Abraham Lincoln, accessed February 2007.
  8. [1]
  9. Strategic Communication Laboratories
  10. Sharon Weinberger, ‘You Can't Handle the Truth: Psy-ops propaganda goes mainstream’, Slate Magazine 19 September 2005
  11. Simon Mann, ‘PR tweaks president, then folds his tent’, The Age, 7 August 2000
  12. Google [html version] of the file http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/Programme.doc
  13. British Psyops for Pentagon, Intelligence Online, 20 April 2007
  14. Global Policy Partners Mid-Year-Report 2007
  15. British Psyops for Pentagon Intelligence Online, April 20, 2007
  16. Strategic Communication Laboratories
  17. SCL Key Management, Retrieved from the Web archive dated 30 December 2005, accessed 9 January 2008
  18. Sharon Weinberger, ‘You Can't Handle the Truth: Psy-ops propaganda goes mainstream’, Slate Magazine 19 September 2005
  19. Jenny Davey 'Tchenguiz turns focus to green projects' The Times (London), 31 January 2006, Tuesday Pg. 45
  20. Strategic Communication Laboratories Annual Returns made up to 20 July 2006
  21. Strategic Communication Laboratories
  22. Postcode
  23. www.whois.net, accessed 14/02/07