Difference between revisions of "Deutsche Bank AG"

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[[Deutsche Bank AG]] is an international bank founded in 1870 and headquartered in Frankfurt.
 
[[Deutsche Bank AG]] is an international bank founded in 1870 and headquartered in Frankfurt.
 
  
 
==Record and Controversies==
 
==Record and Controversies==
===Revolving Door===
+
===Revolving Door UK===
[[John Bercow]], Conservative MP for Buckingham, declared having provided 'communications training' to Deutsche Bank staff in 2002.<ref>UK Parliament, [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmregmem/memi04.htm Register of Members' Interests], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
+
:*[[John Bercow]], Conservative MP for Buckingham, declared having provided 'communications training' to Deutsche Bank staff in 2002.<ref>UK Parliament, [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmregmem/memi04.htm Register of Members' Interests], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*Sir [[Rodric Braithwaite]], a former foreign policy advisor to the UK Prime Minister and Chairman of the [[Joint Intelligence Committee]] was a Senior Advisor and Managing Director of Deutsche Bank from 1994 to 2002.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U8527 BRAITHWAITE, Sir Rodric (Quentin)], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref>
 +
:*[[Patrick Crawford]], Chief Executive of the [[Export Credits Guarantee Department]] (''ECGD'') since 2004, was a financial advisor at Deutsche Bank from 1976 to 2002.<ref>ECGD, [http://www.ecgd.gov.uk/about-us/management-board/members/patrick-crawford Patrick Crawford], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*U.K. Hereditary Peer, [[Giles Goschen]], 4th Viscount of Gochen worked at Deutsche Bank from 1997 to 2000. He is now a Senior Client Partner at [[Korn/Ferry International]].<ref>Korn/Ferry, [http://www.kornferry.com/Library/ViewGallery.asp?CID=8912&LanguageID=1&RegionID=262 Giles Goschen], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[Alan Greenspan]], Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006, was recruited as a senior advisor in 2007.<ref>''BBC News'', "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6945796.stm Greenspan gets Deutsche Bank role]," 14 August 2007, accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*In January 2006 Deutsche Bank AG announced that it had appointed [[Caio Koch-Weser]] as Vice Chairman. Caio Koch-Weser was the German Deputy Finance Minister from 1999 to 2005 and Chairman of the EU's Economic and Financial Committee from 2003 to 2005.<ref>Deutsche Bank, "[http://www.deutsche-bank.de/presse/en/content/press_releases_2006_2919.htm Koch-Weser to join Deutsche Bank as Vice Chairman]," Press release 23 January 2006, accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*U.K. Life Peer [[Peter Levene]], Lord Levene of Portsoken, was Chairman Investment Banking Europe Deutsche Bank 1999-2001 and Vice-chair Deutsche Bank AG London 2001-2002.<ref>WEF, [http://www.weforum.org/contributors/lord-peter-levene?fo=1 Lord Peter Levene], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[David Li]], a member of the board of Asia Pacific Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank from 2006 to 2007 is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and was a member of the Executive Council until February 2008.<ref>Hong Kong Legislative Council, [http://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr08-12/lkp-e.pdf Dr. The Hon. David LI Kwok-po], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[Stephen Lovegrove]], Chief Executive and Shareholder Executive at the [[Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform]] from 2007, was Managing Director of Deutsche Morgan Grenfell 1995–2004.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U246971 LOVEGROVE, Stephen Augustus], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref> He is currently Permanent Secretary to UK [[DECC]]
 +
:*[[Francis Mer]], a member of the European Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG, was French Finance Minister from 2002 to 2004.<ref>Deutsche Bank, [http://annualreport.deutsche-bank.com/2006/ar/supplementaryinformation/advisoryboards.html Annual Report 2006], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref><ref>Adecco, [http://www.adecco.com/AboutAdecco/Organisation/BoardOfDirectors/Pages/FrancisMer.aspx Francis Mer], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[George J. Mitchell]], a Member of the Client Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas since 2007 was U.S. Special Envoy for Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2000 and has been Special Envoy for the Middle East since January 2009.<ref>Bloomberg Businessweek, [http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=289354&privcapId=31091775&previousCapId=2827228&previousTitle=Deutsche%20Bank%20Trust%20Company%20Americas Redmayne-Bentley], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*U.K. Hereditary Peer, [[Edmund Pery]], 7th Earl of Limerick, was a Director of Deutsche Bank AG in Moscow, London and Dubai from 1996 to 2004.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U17282 LIMERICK], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref>
 +
:*[[Li Qingyuan]], Director-General, Office of Strategy and Development Committee at the Securities Regulatory Commission, is a Member of Asia Pacific Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank.<ref>Deutsche Bank, [http://annualreport.deutsche-bank.com/2007/ar/supplementaryinformation/advisoryboards.html Annual Report 2007], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[Elizabeth Smith]], Baroness Smith of Gilmorehill in the City of Glasgow, was a Director was a Director of Deutsche Bank Scotland from 1996 to 2004.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U35221 SMITH OF GILMOREHILL], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref>
 +
:*U.K. Life Peer [[Robert Haldane Smith|Robert Smith]], Lord Smith of Kelvin, was Vice Chairman of Deutsche Asset Management 2000–02.<ref>Bloomberg Businessweek, [http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=826858&privcapId=23396736&previousCapId=874522&previousTitle=WEIR%20GROUP%20PLC/THE 3i Investments Plc], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[John Snow]], a Member of the Client Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas since 2007, was Secretary to the U.S. Treasury from 2003 to 2006.<ref>Bloomberg Businessweek, [http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=641123&privcapId=3678735&previousCapId=2827228&previousTitle=Deutsche%20Bank%20Trust%20Company%20Americas CSX Transportation, Inc.], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[Robert Stheeman]], Chief Executive of UK Debt Management Office since 2003, was Director of Markets at Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt and London from 1986 to 2002.<ref>''Telegraph'', "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/profiles/5226378/Robert-Stheeman-the-gatekeeper-of-UK-debt.html Robert Stheeman: the gatekeeper of UK debt]," 26 April 2009, accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[Tony Tan Keng Yam]], a member of the Asia Pacific Advisory Board, was Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore from 1995 to 2005 and Coordinating Minister for Security and Defence from 2001 to 2005.<ref>Deutsche Bank, [http://annualreport.deutsche-bank.com/2007/ar/supplementaryinformation/advisoryboards.html Annual Report 2007], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref><ref>NUS, [http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/nusbiodata/biovcTonyTan.htm Our Vice-Chancellors: A Biographical Sketch, Tony Tan Keng Yam], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 +
:*[[Sajid Javid]], UK minister
  
Sir [[Rodric Braithwaite]], a former foreign policy advisor to the U.K. Prime Minister and Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee was a Senior Advisor and Managing Director of Deutsche Bank from 1994 to 2002.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U8527 BRAITHWAITE, Sir Rodric (Quentin)], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref>
+
==Lobbying==
 +
In April 2015 the European Commission's transparency register revealed Deutsche Bank's spending on lobbying in Brussels had increased from €2 million in 2013 to €4 million in 2014. The increase has come after the EU strengthened its disclosure rules and banned commission officials from meeting companies unless they were on the institution's transparency register by December 1 (Goldman joined late November) and for companies to include a proportion of trade association fees in their lobbying spending disclosures.<ref> Duncan Robinson and Tom Braithwaite [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/725f92f6-edbc-11e4-987e-00144feab7de.html#axzz3YgdESCM1 Goldman Sachs’ reported spending on EU lobbying rises 14-fold] ''Financial Times'', 28 April 2015, accessed 29 April 2015.</ref>
  
[[Patrick Crawford]], Chief Executive of the [[Export Credits Guarantee Department]] (''ECGD'') since 2004, was a financial advisor at Deutsche Bank from 1976 to 2002.<ref>ECGD, [http://www.ecgd.gov.uk/about-us/management-board/members/patrick-crawford Patrick Crawford], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
+
==Lobbying firms==
 
+
*[[Lexington Communications]], until August 2013<ref> [http://www.appc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Register-August-2014-FINAL11.pdf Register for 1st June 2013 - 31st August 2013] ''APPC'', accessed 8 April 2015 </ref>
U.K. Hereditary Peer, [[Giles Goschen]], 4th Viscount of Gochen worked at Deutsche Bank from 1997 to 2000. He is now a Senior Client Partner at [[Korn/Ferry International.<ref>Korn/Ferry, [http://www.kornferry.com/Library/ViewGallery.asp?CID=8912&LanguageID=1&RegionID=262 Giles Goschen], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[Alan Greenspan]], Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006, was recruited as a senior advisor in 2007.<ref>''BBC News'', "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6945796.stm Greenspan gets Deutsche Bank role]," 14 August 2007, accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
In January 2006 Deutsche Bank AG announced that it had appointed [[Caio Koch-Weser]] as Vice Chairman. Caio Koch-Weser was the German Deputy Finance Minister from 1999 to 2005 and Chairman of the EU's Economic and Financial Committee from 2003 to 2005.<ref>Deutsche Bank, "[http://www.deutsche-bank.de/presse/en/content/press_releases_2006_2919.htm Koch-Weser to join Deutsche Bank as Vice Chairman]," Press release 23 January 2006, accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
U.K. Life Peer [[Peter Levene]], Lord Levene of Portsoken, was Chairman Investment Banking Europe Deutsche Bank 1999-2001 and Vice-chair Deutsche Bank AG London 2001-2002.<ref>WEF, [http://www.weforum.org/contributors/lord-peter-levene?fo=1 Lord Peter Levene], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[David Li]], a member of the board of Asia Pacific Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank from 2006 to 2007 is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and was a member of the Executive Council until February 2008.<ref>Hong Kong Legislative Council, [http://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/members/yr08-12/lkp-e.pdf Dr. The Hon. David LI Kwok-po], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[Stephen Lovegrove]], Chief Executive and Shareholder Executive at the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform since 2007, was Managing Director of Deutsche Morgan Grenfell 1995–2004.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U246971 LOVEGROVE, Stephen Augustus], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref>
 
 
 
[[Francis Mer]], a member of the European Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG, was French Finance Minister from 2002 to 2004.<ref>Deutsche Bank, [http://annualreport.deutsche-bank.com/2006/ar/supplementaryinformation/advisoryboards.html Annual Report 2006], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref><ref>Adecco, [http://www.adecco.com/AboutAdecco/Organisation/BoardOfDirectors/Pages/FrancisMer.aspx Francis Mer], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[George J. Mitchell]], a Member of the Client Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas since 2007 was U.S. Special Envoy for Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2000 and has been Special Envoy for the Middle East since January 2009.<ref>Bloomberg Businessweek, [http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=289354&privcapId=31091775&previousCapId=2827228&previousTitle=Deutsche%20Bank%20Trust%20Company%20Americas Redmayne-Bentley], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
U.K. Hereditary Peer, [[Edmund Pery]], 7th Earl of Limerick, was a Director of Deutsche Bank AG in Moscow, London and Dubai from 1996 to 2004.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U17282 LIMERICK], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref>
 
 
 
[[Li Qingyuan]], Director-General, Office of Strategy and Development Committee at the Securities Regulatory Commission, is a Member of Asia Pacific Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank.<ref>Deutsche Bank, [http://annualreport.deutsche-bank.com/2007/ar/supplementaryinformation/advisoryboards.html Annual Report 2007], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[Elizabeth Smith]], Baroness Smith of Gilmorehill in the City of Glasgow, was a Director was a Director of Deutsche Bank Scotland from 1996 to 2004.<ref>''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U35221 SMITH OF GILMOREHILL], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.</ref>
 
 
 
U.K. Life Peer [[Robert Smith]], Lord Smith of Kelvin, was Vice Chairman of Deutsche Asset Management 2000–02.<ref>Bloomberg Businessweek, [http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=826858&privcapId=23396736&previousCapId=874522&previousTitle=WEIR%20GROUP%20PLC/THE 3i Investments Plc], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[John Snow]], a Member of the Client Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas since 2007, was Secretary to the U.S. Treasury from 2003 to 2006.<ref>Bloomberg Businessweek, [http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=641123&privcapId=3678735&previousCapId=2827228&previousTitle=Deutsche%20Bank%20Trust%20Company%20Americas CSX Transportation, Inc.], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[Robert Stheeman]], Chief Executive of UK Debt Management Office since 2003, was Director of Markets at Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt and London from 1986 to 2002.<ref>''Telegraph'', "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financetopics/profiles/5226378/Robert-Stheeman-the-gatekeeper-of-UK-debt.html Robert Stheeman: the gatekeeper of UK debt]," 26 April 2009, accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
[[Tony Tan Keng Yam]], a member of the Asia Pacific Advisory Board, was Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore from 1995 to 2005 and Coordinating Minister for Security and Defence from 2001 to 2005.<ref>Deutsche Bank, [http://annualreport.deutsche-bank.com/2007/ar/supplementaryinformation/advisoryboards.html Annual Report 2007], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref><ref>NUS, [http://www.lib.nus.edu.sg/nusbiodata/biovcTonyTan.htm Our Vice-Chancellors: A Biographical Sketch, Tony Tan Keng Yam], accessed 03 January 2011.</ref>
 
  
 
==Contact==
 
==Contact==
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{{Template: Revolving Door badge}}
 
{{Template: Revolving Door badge}}
 
  
 
==Resources==
 
==Resources==
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*''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U246971 LOVEGROVE, Stephen Augustus], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
 
*''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U246971 LOVEGROVE, Stephen Augustus], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
 
*''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U35221 SMITH OF GILMOREHILL], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
 
*''Who's Who 2009'', [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U35221 SMITH OF GILMOREHILL], online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
 +
*Tom Braithwaite, Kara Scannell and Chris Bryant, [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9d58ab6a-9c78-11e2-9a4b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2PQnVKocG Bundesbank launches Deutsche probe], FT.com, 3 April 2013.
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
  
[[Category: Financial Revolving Door]]
+
[[Category: Financial Revolving Door]][[Category: Financial sector lobbying]][[Category: Tax avoidance]]

Latest revision as of 09:35, 29 April 2015

Deutsche Bank AG is an international bank founded in 1870 and headquartered in Frankfurt.

Record and Controversies

Revolving Door UK

  • John Bercow, Conservative MP for Buckingham, declared having provided 'communications training' to Deutsche Bank staff in 2002.[1]
  • Sir Rodric Braithwaite, a former foreign policy advisor to the UK Prime Minister and Chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee was a Senior Advisor and Managing Director of Deutsche Bank from 1994 to 2002.[2]
  • Patrick Crawford, Chief Executive of the Export Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD) since 2004, was a financial advisor at Deutsche Bank from 1976 to 2002.[3]
  • U.K. Hereditary Peer, Giles Goschen, 4th Viscount of Gochen worked at Deutsche Bank from 1997 to 2000. He is now a Senior Client Partner at Korn/Ferry International.[4]
  • Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006, was recruited as a senior advisor in 2007.[5]
  • In January 2006 Deutsche Bank AG announced that it had appointed Caio Koch-Weser as Vice Chairman. Caio Koch-Weser was the German Deputy Finance Minister from 1999 to 2005 and Chairman of the EU's Economic and Financial Committee from 2003 to 2005.[6]
  • U.K. Life Peer Peter Levene, Lord Levene of Portsoken, was Chairman Investment Banking Europe Deutsche Bank 1999-2001 and Vice-chair Deutsche Bank AG London 2001-2002.[7]
  • David Li, a member of the board of Asia Pacific Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank from 2006 to 2007 is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and was a member of the Executive Council until February 2008.[8]
  • Stephen Lovegrove, Chief Executive and Shareholder Executive at the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform from 2007, was Managing Director of Deutsche Morgan Grenfell 1995–2004.[9] He is currently Permanent Secretary to UK DECC
  • Francis Mer, a member of the European Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank AG, was French Finance Minister from 2002 to 2004.[10][11]
  • George J. Mitchell, a Member of the Client Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas since 2007 was U.S. Special Envoy for Northern Ireland from 1995 to 2000 and has been Special Envoy for the Middle East since January 2009.[12]
  • U.K. Hereditary Peer, Edmund Pery, 7th Earl of Limerick, was a Director of Deutsche Bank AG in Moscow, London and Dubai from 1996 to 2004.[13]
  • Li Qingyuan, Director-General, Office of Strategy and Development Committee at the Securities Regulatory Commission, is a Member of Asia Pacific Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank.[14]
  • Elizabeth Smith, Baroness Smith of Gilmorehill in the City of Glasgow, was a Director was a Director of Deutsche Bank Scotland from 1996 to 2004.[15]
  • U.K. Life Peer Robert Smith, Lord Smith of Kelvin, was Vice Chairman of Deutsche Asset Management 2000–02.[16]
  • John Snow, a Member of the Client Advisory Board of Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas since 2007, was Secretary to the U.S. Treasury from 2003 to 2006.[17]
  • Robert Stheeman, Chief Executive of UK Debt Management Office since 2003, was Director of Markets at Deutsche Bank AG, Frankfurt and London from 1986 to 2002.[18]
  • Tony Tan Keng Yam, a member of the Asia Pacific Advisory Board, was Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore from 1995 to 2005 and Coordinating Minister for Security and Defence from 2001 to 2005.[19][20]
  • Sajid Javid, UK minister

Lobbying

In April 2015 the European Commission's transparency register revealed Deutsche Bank's spending on lobbying in Brussels had increased from €2 million in 2013 to €4 million in 2014. The increase has come after the EU strengthened its disclosure rules and banned commission officials from meeting companies unless they were on the institution's transparency register by December 1 (Goldman joined late November) and for companies to include a proportion of trade association fees in their lobbying spending disclosures.[21]

Lobbying firms

Contact

Website:
http://www.deutsche-bank.de/index_e.htm
Revolving Door.jpg This article is part of the Revolving Door project of Spinwatch.



Resources

Notes

  1. UK Parliament, Register of Members' Interests, accessed 03 January 2011.
  2. Who's Who 2009, BRAITHWAITE, Sir Rodric (Quentin), online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
  3. ECGD, Patrick Crawford, accessed 03 January 2011.
  4. Korn/Ferry, Giles Goschen, accessed 03 January 2011.
  5. BBC News, "Greenspan gets Deutsche Bank role," 14 August 2007, accessed 03 January 2011.
  6. Deutsche Bank, "Koch-Weser to join Deutsche Bank as Vice Chairman," Press release 23 January 2006, accessed 03 January 2011.
  7. WEF, Lord Peter Levene, accessed 03 January 2011.
  8. Hong Kong Legislative Council, Dr. The Hon. David LI Kwok-po, accessed 03 January 2011.
  9. Who's Who 2009, LOVEGROVE, Stephen Augustus, online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
  10. Deutsche Bank, Annual Report 2006, accessed 03 January 2011.
  11. Adecco, Francis Mer, accessed 03 January 2011.
  12. Bloomberg Businessweek, Redmayne-Bentley, accessed 03 January 2011.
  13. Who's Who 2009, LIMERICK, online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
  14. Deutsche Bank, Annual Report 2007, accessed 03 January 2011.
  15. Who's Who 2009, SMITH OF GILMOREHILL, online edition, Oxford University Press, accessed 24 March 2009.
  16. Bloomberg Businessweek, 3i Investments Plc, accessed 03 January 2011.
  17. Bloomberg Businessweek, CSX Transportation, Inc., accessed 03 January 2011.
  18. Telegraph, "Robert Stheeman: the gatekeeper of UK debt," 26 April 2009, accessed 03 January 2011.
  19. Deutsche Bank, Annual Report 2007, accessed 03 January 2011.
  20. NUS, Our Vice-Chancellors: A Biographical Sketch, Tony Tan Keng Yam, accessed 03 January 2011.
  21. Duncan Robinson and Tom Braithwaite Goldman Sachs’ reported spending on EU lobbying rises 14-fold Financial Times, 28 April 2015, accessed 29 April 2015.
  22. Register for 1st June 2013 - 31st August 2013 APPC, accessed 8 April 2015