RAND Corporation - Revision history

Tom Mills: jpeg

2008-11-03T11:37:35Z

jpeg

David: /* Notable RAND participants */

2008-10-24T14:03:56Z

Notable RAND participants

Paul: remove silly links

2008-10-24T10:23:45Z

remove silly links

Paul: remove silly links

2008-10-24T10:21:41Z

remove silly links

Paul: list --> table fmt; more compact

2008-10-24T10:17:56Z

list --> table fmt; more compact

Tom Mills: /* Cold War Strategy */ ref

2008-10-24T10:00:55Z

Cold War Strategy: ref

Tom Mills: Thomas Schelling link

2008-10-24T09:51:59Z

Thomas Schelling link

Tom Mills at 09:49, 24 October 2008

2008-10-24T09:49:04Z

Tom Mills: intro rewritten

2008-10-24T09:28:46Z

intro rewritten

Tom Mills at 09:23, 24 October 2008

2008-10-24T09:23:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:37, 3 November 2008
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		+	[[Image:RAND-logo.jpg\|right\|150px]]
	The '''RAND Corporation''' is an influential US think-tank with extremely close links to the US military and the corporate sector. It emerged out of the alliance between big business and the state during the Second World War and played an important role in developing Cold War strategy. Today it conducts research into many areas of public policy but has a strong focus on security and international relations.		The '''RAND Corporation''' is an influential US think-tank with extremely close links to the US military and the corporate sector. It emerged out of the alliance between big business and the state during the Second World War and played an important role in developing Cold War strategy. Today it conducts research into many areas of public policy but has a strong focus on security and international relations.

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 *[[George Dantzig]] &mdash; mathematician, creator of the simplex algorithm for linear programming
 *[[James F. Digby]] &mdash; American Military Strategist, author of first treatise on precision guided munitions 1949 - 2007
-*[[Stephen H Dole]] &mdash; Author of the pivotal work "Habitable Planets for man." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB179-1/ |publisher=RAND Corporation (free PDFs)|title=Habitable Planets for man (6.4 MB PDF) }}</ref>
+*[[Stephen H Dole]] &mdash; Author of the pivotal work "Habitable Planets for man." <ref>RAND Corporation [http://rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB179-1/  Habitable Planets for man] (6.4 MB PDF) </ref>
 *[[Donald Wills Douglas, Sr.]] &mdash; President, [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] &mdash; RAND founder
 *[[Daniel Ellsberg]] &mdash; leaker of the [[Pentagon Papers]]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 The RAND Corporation grew out of the merging of the corporate and state sectors in the United States that occurred during the Second World War – what President Eisenhower later famously dubbed the ‘Military-Industrial Complex’.  As RAND itself states on its website: “There were discussions among people in the War Department, the Office of Scientific Research and Development, and industry who saw a need for a private organization to connect military planning with research and development decisions.” <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref>
-RAND began life as a project of the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]], which had made enormous profits from the war, producing thousands of American bombers. It was conceived at a meeting on 1 October 1945 between [[Henry Arnold]], Commanding General of the Army Air Force; MIT's [[Edward Bowles]], a consultant to the Secretary of War; [[Donald Douglas]], of [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]; [[Douglas Aircraft Company|Douglas']] Chief Engineer [[Arthur Raymond]], and his assistant [[Frank Collbohm]]. Then known as Project RAND, its name was taken from the term ''research and development''. <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> By early 1948 Project RAND had grown to 200 staff members and on 14 May 1948 it broke off from [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to become an independent, non-profit organisation. On 1 November 1948, the Project RAND contract was formally transferred from the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to the RAND Corporation.  The [[Ford Foundation]] provided $1 million for the new corporation, <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> and the new think-tank also had $5 million in remaining funds from Project RAND at its disposal. <Ref>Donald E. Abelson, ''A Capitol Idea: Think-Tanks and US Policy'' (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2006) p.75</ref>
+RAND began life as a project of the Douglas Aircraft Company, which had made enormous profits from the war, producing thousands of American bombers. It was conceived at a meeting on 1 October 1945 between [[Henry Arnold]], Commanding General of the Army Air Force; MIT's [[Edward Bowles]], a consultant to the Secretary of War; [[Donald Douglas]], of Douglas Aircraft Company; Douglas' Chief Engineer [[Arthur Raymond]], and his assistant [[Frank Collbohm]]. Then known as Project RAND, its name was taken from the term ''research and development''. <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> By early 1948 Project RAND had grown to 200 staff members and on 14 May 1948 it broke off from [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to become an independent, non-profit organisation. On 1 November 1948, the Project RAND contract was formally transferred from the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to the RAND Corporation.  The [[Ford Foundation]] provided $1 million for the new corporation, <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> and the new think-tank also had $5 million in remaining funds from Project RAND at its disposal. <Ref>Donald E. Abelson, ''A Capitol Idea: Think-Tanks and US Policy'' (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2006) p.75</ref>
 ==Cold War Strategy==

@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 *[[Henry H. Arnold]] &mdash; General, United States Air Force &mdash; RAND founder
 *[[Kenneth Arrow]] &mdash; economist, Nobel Laureate, developed the [[Arrow's impossibility theorem|impossibility theorem]] in social choice theory
-*[[Bruno Augenstein]] &mdash; V.P., [[physicist]], [[mathematician]] and space scientist
+*[[Bruno Augenstein]] &mdash; V.P., physicist, mathematician and space scientist
 *[[J. Paul Austin]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, 1972-1981
-*[[Paul Baran]] &mdash; one of the developers of [[packet switching]] which was used in [[Arpanet]] and later [[computer network|networks]] like the [[Internet]]
+*[[Paul Baran]] &mdash; one of the developers of packet switching which was used in [[Arpanet]] and later networks like the [[Internet]]
 *[[Barry Boehm]] &mdash; software economics expert, inventor of [[COCOMO]]
 *[[Harold L. Brode]] &mdash; physicist, leading nuclear weapons effects expert
 *[[Bernard Brodie]] &mdash; Military strategist and nuclear architect
 *[[David S. C. Chu]] &mdash; Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, 2001–present
-*[[Samuel Cohen]] &mdash; inventor of the [[neutron bomb]] in 1958
+*[[Samuel Cohen]] &mdash; inventor of the neutron bomb in 1958
 *[[Franklin R. Collbohm]] &mdash; Aviation Engineer, [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] &mdash; RAND founder and former director and trustee
-*[[George Dantzig]] &mdash; mathematician, creator of the [[simplex algorithm]] for [[linear programming]]
+*[[George Dantzig]] &mdash; mathematician, creator of the simplex algorithm for linear programming
-*[[James F. Digby]] &mdash; American Military Strategist, author of first treatise on [[precision guided munitions]] 1949 - 2007
+*[[James F. Digby]] &mdash; American Military Strategist, author of first treatise on precision guided munitions 1949 - 2007
 *[[Stephen H Dole]] &mdash; Author of the pivotal work "Habitable Planets for man." <ref>{{cite web |url=http://rand.org/pubs/commercial_books/CB179-1/ |publisher=RAND Corporation (free PDFs)|title=Habitable Planets for man (6.4 MB PDF) }}</ref>
 *[[Donald Wills Douglas, Sr.]] &mdash; President, [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] &mdash; RAND founder
@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 *[[Francis Fukuyama]] &mdash; academic and author of ''[[The End of History and the Last Man]]''
 *[[H. Rowen Gaither, Jr.]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, 1949-1959; 1960-1961
-*[[James J. Gillogly]] &mdash; [[cryptographer]] and [[computer scientist]]
+*[[James J. Gillogly]] &mdash; cryptographer and computer scientist
-*[[Cecil Hastings]] &mdash; [[Famous programmer|programmer]], wrote software engineering classic, ''[[Approximations for Digital Computers]]'' (Princeton [[1955]])
+*[[Cecil Hastings]] &mdash; programmer, wrote software engineering classic, ''Approximations for Digital Computers'' (Princeton 1955)
 *[[William E. Hoehn]] &mdash; Senior Policy Advisor to Senator [[Sam Nunn]], Visiting Professor at the [[Sam Nunn School of International Affairs]] and the Coca-Cola Foundation Eminent Practitioner in Residence at [[Georgia Institute of Technology]]
-*[[Brian Michael Jenkins]] &mdash; terrorism expert, Senior Advisor to the President of the RAND Corporation, and author of ''[[Unconquerable Nation]]''
+*[[Brian Michael Jenkins]] &mdash; terrorism expert, Senior Advisor to the President of the RAND Corporation, and author of ''Unconquerable Nation''
-*[[Herman Kahn]] &mdash; theorist on [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear war]] and one of the founders of [[scenario planning]]
+*[[Herman Kahn]] &mdash; theorist on nuclear war and one of the founders of scenario planning
 *[[Zalmay Khalilzad]] &mdash; U.S. Ambassador to United Nations
-*[[Henry Kissinger]]&mdash; US [[Secretary of State]] (1973-1977); [[National Security Advisor (United States)|National Security Advisor]] (1969-1975); [[Nobel Peace Prize]] Winner (1973)
+*[[Henry Kissinger]]&mdash; US Secretary of State (1973-1977); National Security Advisor (1969-1975); Nobel Peace Prize Winner (1973)
 *[[Ann McLaughlin Korologos]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, April 2004- present
 *[[Lewis Libby|Lewis "Scooter" Libby]] &mdash; Dick Cheney's former Chief of Staff
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 *[[Newton N. Minow]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, 1970-1972
 *[[Lloyd N. Morrisett]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, 1986-1995
-*[[John Forbes Nash|John Forbes Nash, Jr.]] &mdash; [[Nobel prize]]-winning mathematician
+*[[John Forbes Nash|John Forbes Nash, Jr.]] &mdash; Nobel prize-winning mathematician
-*[[John von Neumann]] &mdash; mathematician, pioneer of the modern [[digital computer]]
+*[[John von Neumann]] &mdash; mathematician, pioneer of the modern digital computer
 *[[Allen Newell]] &mdash; artificial intelligence
 *[[Paul O'Neill (cabinet member)|Paul O'Neill]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, 1997-2000
@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 *[[Lloyd Shapley]] &mdash; mathematician and game theorist
 *[[David A. Shephard]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, 1967-1970
-*[[Herbert Simon]] &mdash; [[Nobel prize]]-winning economist
+*[[Herbert Simon]] &mdash; Nobel prize-winning economist
 *[[Frank Stanton]] &mdash; Chairman of the Board, 1961-1967
 *[[Peter Szanton]] &mdash; the policy analyst and former President of New York Rand

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 ==Board of Directors==
-*[[Ronald L. Olson]], Chairman
-*[[Carl Bildt]]
+<table border="1" bgcolor="white" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="80%" align="center">
-*[[Harold Brown]]
+<tr>
-*[[Frank Charles Carlucci III]]
+<td>[[Ronald L. Olson]], Chairman</td>
-*[[Lovida H. Coleman, Jr.]]
+<td>[[Carl Bildt]]</td>
-*[[Robert Curvin]]
+<td>[[Harold Brown]]</td>
-*[[Pedro Jose Greer, Jr.]]
+</tr>
-*[[Rita E. Hauser]]
-*[[Karen Elliott House]]
+<tr>
-*[[Jen-Hsun Huang]]
+<td>[[Frank Charles Carlucci III]]</td>
-*[[Paul G. Kaminski]]
+<td>[[Lovida H. Coleman, Jr.]]</td>
-*[[Bruce Karatz]]
+<td>[[Robert Curvin]]</td>
-*[[Lydia H. Kennard]]
+</tr>
-*[[Ann McLaughlin Korologos]]
-*[[Philip Lader]]
+<tr>
-*[[Arthur Levitt]]
+<td>[[Pedro Jose Greer, Jr.]]</td>
-*[[Lloyd N. Morrisett]]
+<td>[[Rita E. Hauser]]</td>
-*[[Paul H. O'Neill]]
+<td>[[Karen Elliott House]]</td>
-*[[Amy B. Pascal]]
+</tr>
-*[[Patricia Salas Pineda]]
-*[[John Edward Porter]]
+<tr>
-*[[John S. Reed]]
+<td>[[Jen-Hsun Huang]]</td>
-*[[Donald B. Rice]]
+<td>[[Paul G. Kaminski]]</td>
-*[[James E. Rohr]]
+<td>[[Bruce Karatz]]</td>
-*[[Jerry I. Speyer]]
+</tr>
-*[[James A. Thomson]]
-*[[James Q. Wilson]]
+<tr>
-:Source<ref>[http://www.rand.org/about/briefing.pdf About Rand] Rand Corporation</ref>
+<td>[[Lydia H. Kennard]]</td>
 ==Notable RAND participants==

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 [[Denis Healey]], probably the most important figure in the development of American style 'strategic thinking' in Britain, makes the following comments on RAND in his memoires:
-<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">[RAND] had established itself as the leading think-tank for Pentagon, and had access to all its secrets. They were mainly economists by training, and had developed a vocabulary for 'thinking about the unthinkable' which had all the weaknesses of economic jargon. The universe of nuclear strategy was so difficult to comprehend, and the horrors it contained were so repugnant to normal people, that its study required the same clinical detachment as the study of venereal disease. But that very detachment tended to blind the experts to the human realities, and to enslave them to abstract concepts, the validity of which had never been tested.</blockquote>
+<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">[RAND] had established itself as the leading think-tank for Pentagon, and had access to all its secrets. They were mainly economists by training, and had developed a vocabulary for 'thinking about the unthinkable' which had all the weaknesses of economic jargon. The universe of nuclear strategy was so difficult to comprehend, and the horrors it contained were so repugnant to normal people, that its study required the same clinical detachment as the study of venereal disease. But that very detachment tended to blind the experts to the human realities, and to enslave them to abstract concepts, the validity of which had never been tested.<ref>Denis Healey, ''The Time of My Life'' (London: Penguin, 1989) p.246</ref></blockquote>
 == Locations ==

@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 *[[Robert F. Salter]] &mdash; advocate of the [[vactrain]] [[maglev train]] concept
 *[[Paul Samuelson]] — economist, Nobel Laureate
-*[[Thomas C. Schelling]] &mdash; economist, winner of 2005 Nobel Prize in Economics
+*[[Thomas Schelling|Thomas C. Schelling]] &mdash; economist, winner of 2005 Nobel Prize in Economics
 *[[James Schlesinger]] &mdash; former Secretary of Defense and former Secretary of Energy
 *[[Lloyd Shapley]] &mdash; mathematician and game theorist

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:49, 24 October 2008
Line 5:		Line 5:

	RAND began life as a project of the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]], which had made enormous profits from the war, producing thousands of American bombers. It was conceived at a meeting on 1 October 1945 between [[Henry Arnold]], Commanding General of the Army Air Force; MIT's [[Edward Bowles]], a consultant to the Secretary of War; [[Donald Douglas]], of [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]; [[Douglas Aircraft Company\|Douglas']] Chief Engineer [[Arthur Raymond]], and his assistant [[Frank Collbohm]]. Then known as Project RAND, its name was taken from the term ''research and development''. <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> By early 1948 Project RAND had grown to 200 staff members and on 14 May 1948 it broke off from [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to become an independent, non-profit organisation. On 1 November 1948, the Project RAND contract was formally transferred from the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to the RAND Corporation. The [[Ford Foundation]] provided $1 million for the new corporation, <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> and the new think-tank also had $5 million in remaining funds from Project RAND at its disposal. <Ref>Donald E. Abelson, ''A Capitol Idea: Think-Tanks and US Policy'' (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2006) p.75</ref>		RAND began life as a project of the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]], which had made enormous profits from the war, producing thousands of American bombers. It was conceived at a meeting on 1 October 1945 between [[Henry Arnold]], Commanding General of the Army Air Force; MIT's [[Edward Bowles]], a consultant to the Secretary of War; [[Donald Douglas]], of [[Douglas Aircraft Company]]; [[Douglas Aircraft Company\|Douglas']] Chief Engineer [[Arthur Raymond]], and his assistant [[Frank Collbohm]]. Then known as Project RAND, its name was taken from the term ''research and development''. <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> By early 1948 Project RAND had grown to 200 staff members and on 14 May 1948 it broke off from [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to become an independent, non-profit organisation. On 1 November 1948, the Project RAND contract was formally transferred from the [[Douglas Aircraft Company]] to the RAND Corporation. The [[Ford Foundation]] provided $1 million for the new corporation, <ref>RAND Corporation website, [http://www.rand.org/about/history/ A Brief History of RAND], (accessed 24 October 2008)</ref> and the new think-tank also had $5 million in remaining funds from Project RAND at its disposal. <Ref>Donald E. Abelson, ''A Capitol Idea: Think-Tanks and US Policy'' (McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 2006) p.75</ref>
		+
		+	==Cold War Strategy==
		+	[[Denis Healey]], probably the most important figure in the development of American style 'strategic thinking' in Britain, makes the following comments on RAND in his memoires:
		+
		+	<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">[RAND] had established itself as the leading think-tank for Pentagon, and had access to all its secrets. They were mainly economists by training, and had developed a vocabulary for 'thinking about the unthinkable' which had all the weaknesses of economic jargon. The universe of nuclear strategy was so difficult to comprehend, and the horrors it contained were so repugnant to normal people, that its study required the same clinical detachment as the study of venereal disease. But that very detachment tended to blind the experts to the human realities, and to enslave them to abstract concepts, the validity of which had never been tested.</blockquote>

	== Locations ==		== Locations ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:28, 24 October 2008
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−	The '''RAND Corporation'''~~, according~~ to the corporate ~~web site, is a "nonprofit institution that helps improve policy~~ and ~~decisionmaking through~~ research and ~~analysis~~."	+	The '''RAND Corporation''' is an influential US think-tank with extremely close links to the US military and the corporate sector. It emerged out of the alliance between big business and the state during the Second World War and played an important role in developing Cold War strategy. Today it conducts research into many areas of public policy but has a strong focus on security and international relations.

	==Origins and history==		==Origins and history==