Pupa (Hasidic dynasty) - Revision history

Chabad Bot: Add material on criminal cases and allegations from Biale et al., Hasidism: A New History (2018), with court and press sources

2026-10-29T14:56:26Z

Add material on criminal cases and allegations from Biale et al., Hasidism: A New History (2018), with court and press sources

Chabad Bot: Add material from Biale et al., Hasidism: A New History (2018) on settlement, territorial withdrawal, Arabs/Palestinians, violence and Zionism

2026-10-29T14:51:16Z

Add material from Biale et al., Hasidism: A New History (2018) on settlement, territorial withdrawal, Arabs/Palestinians, violence and Zionism

Chabad Bot: New page: Pupa Hasidic dynasty (YIVO, JTA, LA Times, Boro Park 24, kevarim, Shomrei Hadas, Charity Commission, ProPublica)

2026-10-28T18:20:01Z

New page: Pupa Hasidic dynasty (YIVO, JTA, LA Times, Boro Park 24, kevarim, Shomrei Hadas, Charity Commission, ProPublica)

New page

{{short description|'''Hasidic dynasty that grew out of the rabbinate and yeshiva of Pápa (Pupa), Hungary, and is now based in Williamsburg, Brooklyn'''}}
{{Hasidic sidebar}}
{{Infobox religious group
| name = Pupa (Pápa)
| type = [[Hasidic dynasties|Hasidic dynasty]]
| founder = Yaakov Yechezkia Greenwald (1882–1941)
| founded_date = {{Start date|1929}}
| founded_place = Pápa, Veszprém county, Hungary
| headquarters = [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]], New York
| leader_title = Rebbe
| leader_name = Yaakov Yechezkia Grunwald
| notes = The family name is spelt Greenwald, Grunwald or Grünwald in different sources. The community is also known by the name of its institutions, Kehilath Yakov.
}}
'''Pupa''' (from Pápa, Hungary; also '''Puppa''') is a [[Hasidic dynasties|Hasidic dynasty]] that grew out of the rabbinate and yeshiva of Yaakov Yechezkia Greenwald, rabbi of [[Pápa]] from 1929. After the Holocaust his son Yosef Grunwald re-established the community in [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]], and it is now led by Yosef's son, who is named after his grandfather.<ref name="BP24" /><ref name="Kevarim" /><ref name="JTA1984" /> The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) reported in 1984 that the movement was also known by the name of its main institution, Yeshivath Kehilath Yakov.<ref name="JTA1984" /> The name is spelt Greenwald, Grunwald or Grünwald in different sources.

== History ==
=== Pápa ===
Pápa is a town in Veszprém county in western Hungary. The YIVO Encyclopedia says its Jewish community was formally founded in 1749 and had about 2,600 members by the 1830s. Numbers peaked at about 3,500 around 1880, a quarter of the town's population, and had fallen back to about 2,500 by the Second World War. After the Hungarian Jewish Congress of 1868–69 the community chose to remain Orthodox.<ref name="YIVOPapa" />

=== Yaakov Yechezkia Greenwald ===
Yaakov Yechezkia Greenwald was born in 1882. He was the son of Moshe Greenwald, rabbi of Chust and author of ''Arugas Habosem''. The sources differ on Moshe's dates: the Budapest Orthodox community Shomrei Hadas gives 1853–1910, and the kevarim.com grave directory gives 1853–1911.<ref name="BP24" /><ref name="Kevarim" /><ref name="ShomreiHadas2024" /> According to Boro Park 24, he studied under his father and was strongly influenced by the rebbes of [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]]. At 18 he married his cousin Sarah Rivkah, daughter of Yisroel Menachem Brown, rabbi of Brezvitz.<ref name="BP24" />

He became rabbi of Likov in 1906. He then served at Zhelim, where he succeeded his uncle Eliezer Duvid Greenwald. In 1929 he became rabbi of Pápa and founded a yeshiva there, which Boro Park 24 says grew to about 300 students. Boro Park 24 also writes that he sent many students on to Belz, and that they came back to largely Ashkenazi-rite Pápa in Hasidic dress. His published works include ''Vayaged Yaakov'' on the Torah and the responsa ''Mishpatecha l'Yaakov''.<ref name="BP24" /> He died on the Sabbath, 2 Adar 1941.<ref name="BP24" /><ref name="Kevarim" />

=== Yosef Grunwald ===
His son Yosef (author of ''Vayechi Yosef'') had led a large yeshiva in Satmar before the Second World War. According to kevarim.com, he succeeded his father and moved the yeshiva to Pápa.<ref name="Kevarim" /> The Jews of Pápa were confined to a ghetto two months after the German occupation of Hungary in March 1944. On 4 and 5 July 1944, 2,565 of them were deported to Auschwitz; YIVO records that only about 500 returned.<ref name="YIVOPapa" /> The sources give different figures for Yosef's family losses. The JTA reported that his wife and ten children were killed, and that he survived a death camp. Kevarim.com gives nine children.<ref name="JTA1984" /><ref name="Kevarim" />

After the war Yosef remarried and gathered the surviving students. According to kevarim.com, he gave them lodging and meals and arranged their marriages. He settled in Williamsburg in 1950 and re-established his congregation and yeshiva there.<ref name="Kevarim" /> The JTA reported that he set up orphanages and schools for refugees from Pápa. It also reported that he served as president of the Rabbinical Congress of the United States and Canada, based in Williamsburg. A source at the congress told the agency that he was the founder and head of the Pupa movement and not a Satmar Hasid.<ref name="JTA1984" />

Yosef Grunwald died in August 1984 at the age of 81, after a stroke. He died at a medical centre in Westchester, and about 2,000 mourners gathered outside his Brooklyn home.<ref name="JTA1984" /> He is buried at the Kiryas Pupa cemetery in Ossining, Westchester County.<ref name="Kevarim" />

=== Since 1984 ===
The JTA expected Yosef's son Jacob (Yaakov) to succeed him, and it later reported that the elder son, Yakov Grunwald, had taken the title and led the main Pupa community in Williamsburg.<ref name="JTA1984" /><ref name="JTA1995b" /> A younger son, Israel Grunwald, led a breakaway group of about 100 followers in [[Borough Park, Brooklyn|Borough Park]]. Citing the New York Jewish Week, the JTA reported a long feud in which Israel did not recognise his older brother's authority.<ref name="JTA1995a" /><ref name="JTA1995b" />

The sources give very different figures for the size of the movement:
* In 1984 a source told the JTA that Yosef Grunwald had built a worldwide movement of about 100,000.<ref name="JTA1984" />
* JTA reports from 1995 and 1997 describe Pupa as a 12,000-member movement.<ref name="JTA1995a" /><ref name="JTA1997" />

In February 2024 the current Pupa Rebbe, Yaakov Yechezkiyah Grünwald, visited Pápa with about 50 Hasidim for his grandfather's yahrzeit on 2 Adar. Shomrei Hadas reported that he prayed with its community and then travelled to Pressburg to visit the grave of the [[Chatam Sofer]].<ref name="ShomreiHadas2024" /> Boro Park 24 writes that the movement has branches in other communities besides Williamsburg.<ref name="BP24" />

== Rebbes ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Rebbes of Pupa
! Rebbe !! Dates !! Seat !! Notes
|-
| Yaakov Yechezkia Greenwald (''Vayaged Yaakov'') || 1882–1941 || Pápa (from 1929) || Son of Moshe Greenwald of Chust.<ref name="BP24" /><ref name="Kevarim" />
|-
| Yosef Grunwald (''Vayechi Yosef'') || died 1984, aged 81 || Pápa; Williamsburg (from 1950) || Son of the above.<ref name="Kevarim" /><ref name="JTA1984" />
|-
| Yaakov Yechezkia (Jacob) Grunwald || — || Williamsburg || Son of Yosef; named after his grandfather.<ref name="JTA1984" /><ref name="JTA1995b" /><ref name="BP24" /><ref name="ShomreiHadas2024" />
|}

== Legal cases ==
=== Convictions ===
On 31 May 1995 Israel Grunwald and his assistant, Yehudah Friedlander, were arrested at Los Angeles International Airport after an overnight flight from Melbourne. A 15-year-old girl had complained that the two men touched her during the flight.<ref name="JTA1995a" /><ref name="JTA1997" /> A federal grand jury indicted Friedlander on one count of sexual abuse of a minor. He at first maintained his innocence, then pleaded guilty and was sentenced in 1996 to 22 months in prison.<ref name="JTA1995a" /><ref name="JTA1995b" /><ref name="LAT1996" /><ref name="JTA1997" />

=== Allegations ===
Israel Grunwald was charged with the lesser misdemeanour of abusive sexual contact with a minor. Prosecutors dismissed the complaint in mid-1995 but kept the option of refiling it, and they revived it in October 1996. The charge carried a maximum of six months in jail.<ref name="JTA1995b" /><ref name="LAT1996" /> His lawyer at the time said the prosecution had doubts about the girl's truthfulness and about whether the charge could be proved.<ref name="JTA1995b" />

In September 1997 his later lawyer, Nathan Lewin, said that the girl's father had offered to have her withdraw her testimony in return for $1.2 million from Hasidic communities in Australia and Brooklyn. Lewin said an undercover FBI agent had handed over a $50,000 "down payment", and that the government had agreed in writing to drop the charge. A spokesman for the US Attorney's Office said the charges were still pending, with trial set for 22 September 1997. The FBI would not comment on the alleged undercover operation.<ref name="JTA1997" /> The final outcome of the charge against Israel Grunwald is not reported in the sources consulted.

== Registered organisations ==
=== United Kingdom ===
[[Friends of Kehilath Yakov and Pupa]] (registered charity 1003247) is a trust on the register of the [[Charity Commission for England and Wales]]. Its address is 115 Craven Park Road, London N15 6BL.<ref name="CCFKYP" />
* Its objects are the advancement of the Orthodox Jewish faith, in particular by supporting institutions that teach it, in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. It makes grants to other charities.
* It was first registered on 19 June 1991. It was removed as not operating on 2 September 2009 and registered again on 18 September 2009.
* Its trustees are [[Aron Oberlander]] (chair), Solomon Kritzler and Chaim Aron Reiner.
** Oberlander is also a trustee of [[Bikur Cholim Limited]] and [[Sellata Limited]].
** The register lists no other trusteeships for Kritzler or Reiner.
* It reported income of £2,000 for the year to April 2021 and none for the four years after that.
* The register records the annual returns for 2023 to 2025 as received late, on 13 July 2026.<ref name="CCFKYP" />

=== United States ===
The organisations below carry the Pupa or Kehilath Yakov name and are recorded in IRS data published by ProPublica's Nonprofit Explorer. Most are recorded with the IRS foundation code for churches, and ProPublica shows no Form 990 filings for any of them.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ US tax-exempt organisations with Pupa or Kehilath Yakov names
! Organisation !! EIN !! Address (register) !! IRS ruling
|-
| [[Birkas Yosef Pupa]] || 33-2695389 || 1274 49th St Ste 480, Brooklyn, NY 11219 || June 2025<ref name="PP332695389" />
|-
| [[Camp Kehilath Yakov]] || 23-7332842 || 638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11249 || December 1973<ref name="PP237332842" />
|-
| [[Camp Pupa]] || 82-5328697 || 87 Penn Street Suite 201, Brooklyn, NY 11249 || September 2018<ref name="PP825328697" />
|-
| [[Chesed Kehilath Yakov]] || 06-1603877 || 137 Lynch St, Brooklyn, NY 11206 || January 2001<ref name="PP061603877" />
|-
| [[Chevra Kadisha Dkhal Kehilath Yakov Pupa Inc]] || 46-2036888 || 12 Silverwood Cir, Suffern, NY 10901 || December 2016<ref name="PP462036888" />
|-
| [[Cong Kehilath Yakov Of Linden]] || 88-0587428 || 1600 Summit Ter, Linden, NJ 07036 || September 2022<ref name="PP880587428" />
|-
| [[Cong Kehilath Yakov Pupa Of Monsey]] || 27-3856776 || PO Box 187, Monsey, NY 10952 || September 2014<ref name="PP273856776" />
|-
| [[Cong Pupa Cks]] || 99-3667757 || 199 Lee Ave Ste 822, Brooklyn, NY 11211 || February 2025<ref name="PP993667757" />
|-
| [[Kehilath Yakov Dpupa Of Boro Park]] || 11-2852763 || 1137 53rd St, Brooklyn, NY 11219 || May 1987<ref name="PP112852763" />
|-
| [[Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Seminary]] || 11-3073915 || 638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11249 || July 1992<ref name="PP113073915" />
|-
| [[Kolel Erev Kehilath Yakov]] || 06-1535798 || 213 Lee Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11206 || March 1999<ref name="PP061535798" />
|-
| [[Kolel Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Center Inc]] || 11-2910958 || 12 Silverwood Cir, Suffern, NY 10901 || July 1988<ref name="PP112910958" />
|-
| [[Mosdos Pupa Linden]] || 92-0896080 || 937 Orchard Ter, Linden, NJ 07036 || January 2023<ref name="PP920896080" />
|-
| [[Mosdos Pupa Monsey Inc]] || 13-3896165 || 4 Widman Ct, Spring Valley, NY 10977 || August 1996<ref name="PP133896165" />
|-
| [[Pupa Bikur Cholim]] || 39-4960779 || 19 Rodney Street, Brooklyn, NY 11249 || November 2025<ref name="PP394960779" />
|-
| [[Pupa Kolel]] || 82-0572412 || 636 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11211 || December 2002<ref name="PP820572412" />
|-
| [[Pupa Spring Valley]] || 87-2908037 || 36 Collins Ave, Spring Valley, NY 10977 || June 2022<ref name="PP872908037" />
|-
| [[Pupa Yeshiva]] || 06-1616269 || 206 Wilson St, Brooklyn, NY 11211 || May 2001<ref name="PP061616269" />
|-
| [[Yeshivath Kehilath Yakov Inc]] || 11-6003354 || 638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11249 || December 1980<ref name="PP116003354" />
|-
| [[Yeshivath Kehilath Yakov Of Monsey Inc]] || 11-3071839 || 15 Widman Ct, Spring Valley, NY 10977 || October 1991<ref name="PP113071839" />
|}

== See also ==
* [[Satmar (Hasidic dynasty)]]
* [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)]]
* [[Hasidic dynasties]]

== Notes ==
<references>
<ref name="BP24">[https://www.boropark24.com/news/living-legacy-rav-yaakov-yechezkia-greenwald-the-vayaged-yaakov-of-pupa Living Legacy: Rav Yaakov Yechezkia Greenwald, the 'Vayaged Yaakov' of Pupa] ''Boro Park 24'', accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="Kevarim">[https://kevarim.com/rebbe-yosef-greenwald/ Rebbe Yosef Greenwald] ''kevarim.com'', 8 January 2009, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="ShomreiHadas2024">[https://shomreihadas.hu/2024/02/the-visit-of-the-pupa-rebbe/ The visit of the Pupa Rebbe] ''Somré Hádász Egyesület'', February 2024, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="YIVOPapa">Michael K. Silber, [https://encyclopedia.yivo.org/article.aspx/Papa Pápa] ''YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe'', accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="JTA1984">[https://www.jta.org/archive/rabbi-joseph-grunwald-dead-at-81 Rabbi Joseph Grunwald Dead at 81] ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency'', 14 August 1984, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="JTA1995a">[https://www.jta.org/archive/grand-jury-issues-indictment-of-chasid-accused-of-sex-abuse Grand Jury Issues Indictment of Chasid Accused of Sex Abuse] ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency'', 14 June 1995, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="JTA1995b">[https://www.jta.org/archive/charges-dropped-against-rabbi-accused-of-molesting-teen-ager Charges Dropped Against Rabbi Accused of Molesting Teen-ager] ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency'', 2 July 1995, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="JTA1997">[https://www.jta.org/archive/federal-prosecutors-may-drop-sexual-abuse-case-against-rabbi-2 Federal Prosecutors May Drop Sexual Abuse Case Against Rabbi] ''Jewish Telegraphic Agency'', 10 September 1997, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="LAT1996">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-10-09-me-51983-story.html Molestation Charge Refiled Against Rabbi] ''Los Angeles Times'', 9 October 1996, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="CCFKYP">Charity Commission, [https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/1003247/full-print FRIENDS OF KEHILATH YAKOV AND PUPA – 1003247: full print] ''Charity Commission for England and Wales'', accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP332695389">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/332695389 Birkas Yosef Pupa] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 33-2695389, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP237332842">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/237332842 Camp Kehilath Yakov] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 23-7332842, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP825328697">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/825328697 Camp Pupa] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 82-5328697, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP061603877">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/61603877 Chesed Kehilath Yakov] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 06-1603877, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP462036888">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/462036888 Chevra Kadisha Dkhal Kehilath Yakov Pupa Inc] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 46-2036888, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP880587428">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/880587428 Cong Kehilath Yakov Of Linden] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 88-0587428, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP273856776">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/273856776 Cong Kehilath Yakov Pupa Of Monsey] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 27-3856776, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP993667757">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/993667757 Cong Pupa Cks] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 99-3667757, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP112852763">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/112852763 Kehilath Yakov Dpupa Of Boro Park] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 11-2852763, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP113073915">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/113073915 Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Seminary] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 11-3073915, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP061535798">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/61535798 Kolel Erev Kehilath Yakov] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 06-1535798, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP112910958">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/112910958 Kolel Kehilath Yakov Rabbinical Center Inc] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 11-2910958, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP920896080">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/920896080 Mosdos Pupa Linden] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 92-0896080, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP133896165">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/133896165 Mosdos Pupa Monsey Inc] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 13-3896165, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP394960779">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/394960779 Pupa Bikur Cholim] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 39-4960779, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP820572412">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/820572412 Pupa Kolel] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 82-0572412, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP872908037">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/872908037 Pupa Spring Valley] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 87-2908037, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP061616269">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/61616269 Pupa Yeshiva] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 06-1616269, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP116003354">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/116003354 Yeshivath Kehilath Yakov Inc] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 11-6003354, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
<ref name="PP113071839">ProPublica, [https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/113071839 Yeshivath Kehilath Yakov Of Monsey Inc] ''Nonprofit Explorer'' (IRS Exempt Organizations Business Master File data), EIN 11-3071839, accessed 28 October 2026.</ref>
</references>

[[Category:Hasidic dynasties]]
[[Category:Hasidism]]
[[Category:Hungary]]
[[Category:United States]]

@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 Israel Grunwald was charged with the lesser misdemeanour of abusive sexual contact with a minor. Prosecutors dismissed the complaint in mid-1995 but kept the option of refiling it, and they revived it in October 1996. The charge carried a maximum of six months in jail.<ref name="JTA1995b" /><ref name="LAT1996" /> His lawyer at the time said the prosecution had doubts about the girl's truthfulness and about whether the charge could be proved.<ref name="JTA1995b" />
-In September 1997 his later lawyer, Nathan Lewin, said that the girl's father had offered to have her withdraw her testimony in return for $1.2 million from Hasidic communities in Australia and Brooklyn. Lewin said an undercover FBI agent had handed over a $50,000 "down payment", and that the government had agreed in writing to drop the charge. A spokesman for the US Attorney's Office said the charges were still pending, with trial set for 22 September 1997. The FBI would not comment on the alleged undercover operation.<ref name="JTA1997" /> The final outcome of the charge against Israel Grunwald is not reported in the sources consulted.
+In September 1997 his later lawyer, Nathan Lewin, said that the girl's father had offered to have her withdraw her testimony in return for $1.2 million from Hasidic communities in Australia and Brooklyn. Lewin said an undercover FBI agent had handed over a $50,000 "down payment", and that the government had agreed in writing to drop the charge. A spokesman for the US Attorney's Office said the charges were still pending, with trial set for 22 September 1997. The FBI would not comment on the alleged undercover operation.<ref name="JTA1997" /> Biale and his co-authors, who date the incident to 1995 and describe Israel Grunwald as the younger brother of the Pupa Rebbe and head of Congregation Toldos Yakov Yosef, write that the charges against him "were dropped after he agreed to perform 500 hours of community service and to seek counseling". They call the incident "hardly representative" of Hasidim, but say it points to "the dangers, from the point of view of the Hasidim, of mixing with the general public".<ref name="BialeBook763">David Biale, David Assaf, Benjamin Brown, Uriel Gellman, Samuel C. Heilman, Moshe Rosman, Gadi Sagiv and Marcin Wodziński, ''Hasidism: A New History'', Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018, p. 763.</ref>
 == Registered organisations ==

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 Yaakov Yechezkia Greenwald was born in 1882. He was the son of Moshe Greenwald, rabbi of Chust and author of ''Arugas Habosem''. The sources differ on Moshe's dates: the Budapest Orthodox community Shomrei Hadas gives 1853–1910, and the kevarim.com grave directory gives 1853–1911.<ref name="BP24" /><ref name="Kevarim" /><ref name="ShomreiHadas2024" /> According to Boro Park 24, he studied under his father and was strongly influenced by the rebbes of [[Belz (Hasidic dynasty)|Belz]]. At 18 he married his cousin Sarah Rivkah, daughter of Yisroel Menachem Brown, rabbi of Brezvitz.<ref name="BP24" />
-He became rabbi of Likov in 1906. He then served at Zhelim, where he succeeded his uncle Eliezer Duvid Greenwald. In 1929 he became rabbi of Pápa and founded a yeshiva there, which Boro Park 24 says grew to about 300 students. Boro Park 24 also writes that he sent many students on to Belz, and that they came back to largely Ashkenazi-rite Pápa in Hasidic dress. His published works include ''Vayaged Yaakov'' on the Torah and the responsa ''Mishpatecha l'Yaakov''.<ref name="BP24" /> He died on the Sabbath, 2 Adar 1941.<ref name="BP24" /><ref name="Kevarim" />
+He became rabbi of Likov in 1906. He then served at Zhelim, where he succeeded his uncle Eliezer Duvid Greenwald. In 1929 he became rabbi of Pápa and founded a yeshiva there, which Boro Park 24 says grew to about 300 students. Boro Park 24 also writes that he sent many students on to Belz, and that they came back to largely Ashkenazi-rite Pápa in Hasidic dress. His published works include ''Vayaged Yaakov'' on the Torah and the responsa ''Mishpatecha l'Yaakov''.<ref name="BP24" /> Biale and his co-authors cite his ''Va-Yaged Ya'akov'' (1960) for the claim that the Zionist revival of Hebrew had severed its link with the language of the Bible: "the Hebrew language that the Zionist cult speaks today is not the holy tongue at all, as the holy part has been uprooted from it".<ref name="BialeBook628">David Biale, David Assaf, Benjamin Brown, Uriel Gellman, Samuel C. Heilman, Moshe Rosman, Gadi Sagiv and Marcin Wodziński, ''Hasidism: A New History'', Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018, p. 628.</ref> He died on the Sabbath, 2 Adar 1941.<ref name="BP24" /><ref name="Kevarim" />
 === Yosef Grunwald ===