Michael Fidler - Revision history

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Views and politics

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Views and politics

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Views and politics

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Views and politics

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David: Created page with "'''Michael M. Fidler''' (10 February 1916 – 5 September 1989) was a British Conservative Party politician.Alderman, Geoffrey [https://ar..."

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Created page with "'''Michael M. Fidler''' (10 February 1916 – 5 September 1989) was a British Conservative Party politician.<ref name="Modern British Jewry">Alderman, Geoffrey [https://ar..."

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'''Michael M. Fidler''' (10 February 1916 – 5 September 1989) was a British [[Conservative Party]] politician.<ref name="Modern British Jewry">Alderman, Geoffrey [https://archive.org/details/modernbritishjew0000alde/page/374/mode/2up Modern British Jewry] [[Clarendon Press]] 1992. Oxford page 375 via[[Internet Archive]]</ref>

Fidler was [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for Bury and Radcliffe] from 1970 until the [[October 1974 United Kingdom general election|October 1974 general election]],<ref name="Modern British Jewry" /> when he lost his seat to [[Labour Party|Labour]]'s [[Frank White]].

In the 1974 election, Fidler was targeted by the neo-nazi [[British Movement]].<ref>Macklin, Graham [https://books.google.com/books?id=xVLZDwAAQBAJ Failed Führers: A History of Britain's Extreme Right] 2020 Routledge.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Paul |title=Colin Jordan and Britain's Neo-Nazi Movement: Hitler's Echo |date=15 December 2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4725-0906-2 |page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m06jDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT313 |language=en}}</ref>

Fidler was also the first Jewish mayor in Prestwich.

Active in Zionist politics for many years, he was president of the [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] from 1967 until 1973. He founded the lobby group [[Conservative Friends of Israel]]. He was President of the Revisionist [[General Zionists of Great Britain]] in the 1980s.

== References ==
<references/>

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 :Conservative Friends of Israel... was set up by the right-wing religious Zionist and Conservative politician Michael Fidler.  Described by his biographer as having had extreme political views ‘reminiscent of the philosophy of [[Enoch Powell]]’, Fidler favoured arming the police and restoring capital punishment, and campaigned to ‘strictly enforce the Immigration Act’.<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler (1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, p.315.</ref>  Over 80 MPs joined his Conservative Friends of Israel group in 1974, including [[Margaret Thatcher]], and within a year it had a larger membership than [[Labour Friends of Israel]].<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler (1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, p.347.</ref>  By 1978 it was the largest political lobby in Westminster.<ref>American Jewish Yearbook, 1980. p.199.</ref>  Fidler, its National Director, was also President of the [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain]] (GZO), which was established the same year as Conservative Friends of Israel as the British branch of the [[World Union of General Zionists]], a deeply conservative Revisionist Zionist grouping.<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler (1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, pp.361.</ref>  In Israeli politics it was affiliated with the [[Liberal Party (Israel)|Liberal Party]], which was part of the right-wing coalition led by [[Menachem Begin]] which came to power in 1977,<ref>‘Independent Liberals Cut Ties with World Union of General Zionists’, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 16 July 1968.</ref> beginning a right-ward shift in Israeli politics which has continued largely unabated to this day.  British Zionism soon followed suit when in 1980 the Revisionist Zionists ‘swept the board’ in elections to the [[Zionist Federation]].<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler. 1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, p.364.</ref>
-:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>University of Southampton Library Archive, Papers of M.M.Fidler, 1943-88.  MS 290 A1001/93, Michael Sacher letter to Hugh Fraser, 8 January 1982.</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>University of Southampton Library Archive, Papers of M.M.Fidler, 1943-88.  MS 290 A1001/45 Michael Fidler, letter to Peter Thomas, 1 November 1988.</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.<ref>‘Obituaries: Cyril Stein’, Telegraph.co.uk, 23 February 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/finance-obituaries/8343803/Cyril-Stein.html; Alex Renton, ‘UK link to extremist Israeli groups’, Evening Standard, 26 August 1998, p.2.</ref>  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>‘President of J.N.F. in Britain Honored at Dinner in London’, Jewish News Archive, 29 October 1963; ‘1 Million Trees to Be Planted in Honor of Prince and Queen of England’, Jewish News Archive, 18 May 1973.</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>‘News Brief’, Jewish News Archive, 24 October 1969.</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>In 1990 Chinn and Stein withdrew their funding from Labour Friends of Israel in protest over the group’s decision to hold a joint meeting with the Middle East Council at the Labour Party conference that October.  See ‘Israel's friends make enemies’, The Times, 4 October 1990.</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p.124.</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>[29]</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p. 245.</ref><ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/uks-pro-israel-lobby-in-context/</ref>
+:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>University of Southampton Library Archive, Papers of M.M.Fidler, 1943-88.  MS 290 A1001/93, Michael Sacher letter to Hugh Fraser, 8 January 1982.</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>University of Southampton Library Archive, Papers of M.M.Fidler, 1943-88.  MS 290 A1001/45 Michael Fidler, letter to Peter Thomas, 1 November 1988.</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.<ref>‘Obituaries: Cyril Stein’, Telegraph.co.uk, 23 February 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/finance-obituaries/8343803/Cyril-Stein.html; Alex Renton, ‘UK link to extremist Israeli groups’, Evening Standard, 26 August 1998, p.2.</ref>  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>‘President of J.N.F. in Britain Honored at Dinner in London’, Jewish News Archive, 29 October 1963; ‘1 Million Trees to Be Planted in Honor of Prince and Queen of England’, Jewish News Archive, 18 May 1973.</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>‘News Brief’, Jewish News Archive, 24 October 1969.</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>In 1990 Chinn and Stein withdrew their funding from Labour Friends of Israel in protest over the group’s decision to hold a joint meeting with the Middle East Council at the Labour Party conference that October.  See ‘Israel's friends make enemies’, The Times, 4 October 1990.</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p.124.</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>Geoffrey Alderman, ‘Our unrepresentative security, Jewish Chronicle, 18 April 2011.</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p. 245.</ref><ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/uks-pro-israel-lobby-in-context/</ref>
 ==Resources==

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 Active in Zionist politics for many years. He was President of the Revisionist [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain|General Zionists of Great Britain]] in the 1980s.
 ==Views and politics==
-:Conservative Friends of Israel... was set up by the right-wing religious Zionist and Conservative politician Michael Fidler.  Described by his biographer as having had extreme political views ‘reminiscent of the philosophy of [[Enoch Powell]]’, Fidler favoured arming the police and restoring capital punishment, and campaigned to ‘strictly enforce the Immigration Act’.<ref>[16]</ref>  Over 80 MPs joined his Conservative Friends of Israel group in 1974, including [[Margaret Thatcher]], and within a year it had a larger membership than [[Labour Friends of Israel]].<ref>[17]</ref>  By 1978 it was the largest political lobby in Westminster.<ref>[18]</ref>  Fidler, its National Director, was also President of the [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain]] (GZO), which was established the same year as Conservative Friends of Israel as the British branch of the [[World Union of General Zionists]], a deeply conservative Revisionist Zionist grouping.<ref>[19]</ref>  In Israeli politics it was affiliated with the [[Liberal Party (Israel)|Liberal Party]], which was part of the right-wing coalition led by [[Menachem Begin]] which came to power in 1977,<ref>[20]</ref> beginning a right-ward shift in Israeli politics which has continued largely unabated to this day.  British Zionism soon followed suit when in 1980 the Revisionist Zionists ‘swept the board’ in elections to the [[Zionist Federation]].<ref>[21]</ref>
+:Conservative Friends of Israel... was set up by the right-wing religious Zionist and Conservative politician Michael Fidler.  Described by his biographer as having had extreme political views ‘reminiscent of the philosophy of [[Enoch Powell]]’, Fidler favoured arming the police and restoring capital punishment, and campaigned to ‘strictly enforce the Immigration Act’.<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler (1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, p.315.</ref>  Over 80 MPs joined his Conservative Friends of Israel group in 1974, including [[Margaret Thatcher]], and within a year it had a larger membership than [[Labour Friends of Israel]].<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler (1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, p.347.</ref>  By 1978 it was the largest political lobby in Westminster.<ref>American Jewish Yearbook, 1980. p.199.</ref>  Fidler, its National Director, was also President of the [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain]] (GZO), which was established the same year as Conservative Friends of Israel as the British branch of the [[World Union of General Zionists]], a deeply conservative Revisionist Zionist grouping.<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler (1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, pp.361.</ref>  In Israeli politics it was affiliated with the [[Liberal Party (Israel)|Liberal Party]], which was part of the right-wing coalition led by [[Menachem Begin]] which came to power in 1977,<ref>‘Independent Liberals Cut Ties with World Union of General Zionists’, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 16 July 1968.</ref> beginning a right-ward shift in Israeli politics which has continued largely unabated to this day.  British Zionism soon followed suit when in 1980 the Revisionist Zionists ‘swept the board’ in elections to the [[Zionist Federation]].<ref>Bill Williams, Michael Fidler. 1916-1989): A study in leadership. Stockport: R&D Graphics, 1997, p.364.</ref>
-:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>[22]</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>[23]</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.<ref>[24]</ref>  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>[25]</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>[26]</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>[27]</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>[28]</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>[29]</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p. 245.</ref><ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/uks-pro-israel-lobby-in-context/</ref>
+:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>University of Southampton Library Archive, Papers of M.M.Fidler, 1943-88.  MS 290 A1001/93, Michael Sacher letter to Hugh Fraser, 8 January 1982.</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>University of Southampton Library Archive, Papers of M.M.Fidler, 1943-88.  MS 290 A1001/45 Michael Fidler, letter to Peter Thomas, 1 November 1988.</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.<ref>‘Obituaries: Cyril Stein’, Telegraph.co.uk, 23 February 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/finance-obituaries/8343803/Cyril-Stein.html; Alex Renton, ‘UK link to extremist Israeli groups’, Evening Standard, 26 August 1998, p.2.</ref>  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>‘President of J.N.F. in Britain Honored at Dinner in London’, Jewish News Archive, 29 October 1963; ‘1 Million Trees to Be Planted in Honor of Prince and Queen of England’, Jewish News Archive, 18 May 1973.</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>‘News Brief’, Jewish News Archive, 24 October 1969.</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>In 1990 Chinn and Stein withdrew their funding from Labour Friends of Israel in protest over the group’s decision to hold a joint meeting with the Middle East Council at the Labour Party conference that October.  See ‘Israel's friends make enemies’, The Times, 4 October 1990.</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p.124.</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>[29]</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p. 245.</ref><ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/uks-pro-israel-lobby-in-context/</ref>
 ==Resources==

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 :Conservative Friends of Israel... was set up by the right-wing religious Zionist and Conservative politician Michael Fidler.  Described by his biographer as having had extreme political views ‘reminiscent of the philosophy of [[Enoch Powell]]’, Fidler favoured arming the police and restoring capital punishment, and campaigned to ‘strictly enforce the Immigration Act’.<ref>[16]</ref>  Over 80 MPs joined his Conservative Friends of Israel group in 1974, including [[Margaret Thatcher]], and within a year it had a larger membership than [[Labour Friends of Israel]].<ref>[17]</ref>  By 1978 it was the largest political lobby in Westminster.<ref>[18]</ref>  Fidler, its National Director, was also President of the [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain]] (GZO), which was established the same year as Conservative Friends of Israel as the British branch of the [[World Union of General Zionists]], a deeply conservative Revisionist Zionist grouping.<ref>[19]</ref>  In Israeli politics it was affiliated with the [[Liberal Party (Israel)|Liberal Party]], which was part of the right-wing coalition led by [[Menachem Begin]] which came to power in 1977,<ref>[20]</ref> beginning a right-ward shift in Israeli politics which has continued largely unabated to this day.  British Zionism soon followed suit when in 1980 the Revisionist Zionists ‘swept the board’ in elections to the [[Zionist Federation]].<ref>[21]</ref>
-:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>[22]</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>[23]</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.<ref>[24]</ref>  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>[25]</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>[26]</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>[27]</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>[28]</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>[29]</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>[30]</ref>
+:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>[22]</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>[23]</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.<ref>[24]</ref>  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>[25]</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>[26]</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>[27]</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>[28]</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>[29]</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>Gerald Ronson and Jeffrey Robinson, Leading from the Front: My Story. Random House, 2009, p. 245.</ref><ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/uks-pro-israel-lobby-in-context/</ref>
 ==Resources==

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 :Conservative Friends of Israel... was set up by the right-wing religious Zionist and Conservative politician Michael Fidler.  Described by his biographer as having had extreme political views ‘reminiscent of the philosophy of [[Enoch Powell]]’, Fidler favoured arming the police and restoring capital punishment, and campaigned to ‘strictly enforce the Immigration Act’.<ref>[16]</ref>  Over 80 MPs joined his Conservative Friends of Israel group in 1974, including [[Margaret Thatcher]], and within a year it had a larger membership than [[Labour Friends of Israel]].<ref>[17]</ref>  By 1978 it was the largest political lobby in Westminster.<ref>[18]</ref>  Fidler, its National Director, was also President of the [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain]] (GZO), which was established the same year as Conservative Friends of Israel as the British branch of the [[World Union of General Zionists]], a deeply conservative Revisionist Zionist grouping.<ref>[19]</ref>  In Israeli politics it was affiliated with the [[Liberal Party (Israel)|Liberal Party]], which was part of the right-wing coalition led by [[Menachem Begin]] which came to power in 1977,<ref>[20]</ref> beginning a right-ward shift in Israeli politics which has continued largely unabated to this day.  British Zionism soon followed suit when in 1980 the Revisionist Zionists ‘swept the board’ in elections to the [[Zionist Federation]].<ref>[21]</ref>
-:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>[22]</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>[23]</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.[24]  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>[25]</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>[26]</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>[27]</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>[28]</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>[29]</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>[30]</ref>
+:Funding for Conservative Friends of Israel was raised mainly by [[Michael Sacher]], the man behind [[BIPAC]].<ref>[22]</ref>  Other major donors included the multi-millionaire business tycoons [[Trevor Chinn]], [[Gerald Ronson]] and [[Cyril Stein]].<ref>[23]</ref>  Stein, founder of the gambling company [[Ladbrokes]], was also a major supporter of the [[Jewish National Fund]]. Whilst the mainstream of British Jewry supported the ‘peace process’ in the 1990s, he funded a Jewish settlement in the West Bank.<ref>[24]</ref>  [[Trevor Chinn]] inherited his substantial wealth from his father, who owned the car company [[Lex Services]] and was President of the Jewish National Fund of Britain<ref>[25]</ref> as well as joint vice president of the [[Joint Palestine Appeal]].<ref>[26]</ref>  Like Stein, Chinn was also a major donor to [[Labour Friends of Israel]] and both men used their influence there to try and block movements towards peace.<ref>[27]</ref>  [[Gerald Ronson]] is a close friend of Chinn’s<ref>[28]</ref> and the founder of the [[Community Security Trust]], an organisation which exists ostensibly to protect the Jewish community in the UK from anti-Semitic violence, but has been criticised for a lack of transparency and accountability and for including critics of Israel in its operational definition of antisemitism.<ref>[29]</ref>  Ronson also founded its forerunner, the [[Group Relations Educational Trust]], in 1978 with support from [[Marcus Sieff]], the chairman of [[Marks & Spencer]].<ref>[30]</ref>
 ==Resources==

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Active in Zionist politics for many years. He was President of the Revisionist [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain|General Zionists of Great Britain]] in the 1980s.
 ==Resources==
-*Sounthampton University [https://www.southampton.ac.uk/archives/cataloguedatabases/webguidemss290.page MS 290 Papers of M.M.Fidler]
+*Southampton University [https://www.southampton.ac.uk/archives/cataloguedatabases/webguidemss290.page MS 290 Papers of M.M.Fidler]
 == References ==
 <references/>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Michael M. Fidler''' (10 February 1916 – 5 September 1989) was a British [[Conservative Party]] politician.<ref name="Modern British Jewry">Alderman, Geoffrey [https://archive.org/details/modernbritishjew0000alde/page/374/mode/2up Modern British Jewry] [[Clarendon Press]] 1992. Oxford page 375 via[[Internet Archive]]</ref>
 Fidler was [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for Bury and Radcliffe] from 1970 until the [[October 1974 United Kingdom general election|October 1974 general election]],<ref name="Modern British Jewry" /> when he lost his seat to [[Labour Party|Labour]]'s [[Frank White]].
@@ Line 5: / Line 7: @@
 In the 1974 election, Fidler was targeted by the neo-nazi [[British Movement]].<ref>Macklin, Graham [https://books.google.com/books?id=xVLZDwAAQBAJ Failed Führers: A History of Britain's Extreme Right] 2020 Routledge.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Paul |title=Colin Jordan and Britain's Neo-Nazi Movement: Hitler's Echo |date=15 December 2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4725-0906-2 |page= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m06jDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT313 |language=en}}</ref>
-Fidler was also the first Jewish mayor in Prestwich.
+Active in Zionist politics for many years. He was President of the Revisionist [[General Zionist Organisation of Great Britain|General Zionists of Great Britain]] in the 1980s.
 ==Resources==
 *Sounthampton University [https://www.southampton.ac.uk/archives/cataloguedatabases/webguidemss290.page MS 290 Papers of M.M.Fidler]