Joseph Retinger - Revision history

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'''Józef Hieronim Retinger''' ('''Joseph Retinger''', 17 April 1888 – 12 June 1960) was a [[Poles|Polish]] political adviser and a founder of the [[European Movement]] that would lead to the founding of the [[European Union]].

==Life==
Retinger was born in [[Kraków]], [[Poland]] (at that time a part of [[Austria-Hungary]]), the youngest of four children. His father, Józef Stanisław Retinger, was the personal legal counsel and adviser to Count [[Władysław Zamoyski]]. When Józef H. Retinger's father died, Count Zamoyski took young Józef under his wing.

Financed by Count Zamoyski, Retinger attended the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] in 1906, and was the youngest person ever to earn a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] there, in 1908 at the age of twenty, before his move to [[England]] in 1911, where his closest friend was fellow Pole, [[Joseph Conrad]]. He would later write about Conrad in his book, ''Conrad and His Contemporaries'' (1943).

In 1917 Retinger traveled to [[Mexico]], where he became an unofficial political adviser to union organizer [[Luis Morones]] and President [[Plutarco Elías Calles]]. Later, during [[World War II]], he advised the Prime Minister of the [[Polish Government in Exile]], General [[Władysław Sikorski]]. In 1944, aged 56, Retinger parachuted into occupied Poland with 2nd Lt. [[Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt]], in [[Operation Salamander]], to talk with leading political figures and deliver money to the Polish underground.

After the war, Retinger became a leading advocate of [[European unification]] and helped found both the [[European Movement]] and the [[Council of Europe]]. He was later to become Honorary Secretary General of the European Movement.

Retinger initiated the [[Bilderberg Group|Bilderberg conference]]s (1954) and was their secretary until his death in 1960.

==References==
*[http://www.bilderberg.org/bildhist.htm#Memoirs Chapter 4, European Unity.] from ''Memoirs of An Eminence Grise'' by John Pomian,
*{{cite book
|last= Retinger
|first= Joseph
|coauthors= Pomian, John
|title= Memoirs of an Eminence Grise
|origyear= 1972
|publisher= Sussex University Press, distr. by Chatto and Windus
|isbn= 0856210021
}}
*[http://home.teleport.com/~flyheart/retinger.htm] Biography of Jozef Retinger

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 |isbn= 0856210021
 }}
-*<ref>Jan Chciuk-Celt, [http://home.teleport.com/~flyheart/retinger.htm Who was Jozef Retinger?], accessed 28 February 2011 </ref>
+*Jan Chciuk-Celt, [http://home.teleport.com/~flyheart/retinger.htm Who was Jozef Retinger?], accessed 28 February 2011

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Józef Hieronim Retinger''' ('''Joseph Retinger''', 17 April 1888 &ndash; 12 June 1960) was a [[Poles|Polish]] political adviser and a founder of the [[European Movement]] that would lead to the founding of the [[European Union]].
+'''Józef Hieronim Retinger''' ('''Joseph Retinger''', 17 April 1888 &ndash; 12 June 1960) was a Polish political adviser and a founder of the [[European Movement]] that would lead to the founding of the [[European Union]].
 ==Life==
-Retinger was born in [[Kraków]], [[Poland]] (at that time a part of [[Austria-Hungary]]), the youngest of four children.  His father, Józef Stanisław Retinger, was the personal legal counsel and adviser to Count [[Władysław Zamoyski]].  When Józef H. Retinger's father died, Count Zamoyski took young Józef under his wing.
+Retinger was born in Kraków, [[Poland]] (at that time a part of [[Austria-Hungary]]), the youngest of four children.  His father, Józef Stanisław Retinger, was the personal legal counsel and adviser to Count [[Władysław Zamoyski]].  When Józef H. Retinger's father died, Count Zamoyski took young Józef under his wing.
 Financed by Count Zamoyski, Retinger attended the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] in 1906, and was the youngest person ever to earn a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] there, in 1908 at the age of twenty, before his move to [[England]] in 1911, where his closest friend was fellow Pole, [[Joseph Conrad]].  He would later write about Conrad in his book, ''Conrad and His Contemporaries'' (1943).
-In 1917 Retinger traveled to [[Mexico]], where he became an unofficial political adviser to union organizer [[Luis Morones]] and President [[Plutarco Elías Calles]].  Later, during [[World War II]], he advised the Prime Minister of the [[Polish Government in Exile]], General [[Władysław Sikorski]].  In 1944, aged 56, Retinger parachuted into occupied Poland with 2nd Lt. [[Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt]], in [[Operation Salamander]], to talk with leading political figures and deliver money to the Polish underground.
+In 1917 Retinger travelled to [[Mexico]], where he became an unofficial political adviser to union organizer [[Luis Morones]] and President [[Plutarco Elías Calles]].  Later, during [[World War II]], he advised the Prime Minister of the [[Polish Government in Exile]], General [[Władysław Sikorski]].  In 1944, aged 56, Retinger parachuted into occupied Poland with 2nd Lt. [[Tadeusz Chciuk-Celt]], in [[Operation Salamander]], to talk with leading political figures and deliver money to the Polish underground.
 After the war, Retinger became a leading advocate of [[European unification]] and helped found both the [[European Movement]] and the [[Council of Europe]]. He was later to become Honorary Secretary General of the European Movement.
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 |isbn= 0856210021
 }}
-*[http://home.teleport.com/~flyheart/retinger.htm] Biography of Jozef Retinger
+*<ref>Jan Chciuk-Celt, [http://home.teleport.com/~flyheart/retinger.htm Who was Jozef Retinger?], accessed 28 February 2011 </ref>