Jonas Savimbi - Revision history

Claire Robinson at 16:26, 9 December 2009

2009-12-09T16:26:26Z

David: /* Resources */

2009-09-30T12:38:04Z

Resources

David: /* Affiliations */

2009-09-15T00:10:22Z

Affiliations

Steven Harkins at 12:05, 11 September 2009

2009-09-11T12:05:21Z

Steven Harkins at 12:05, 11 September 2009

2009-09-11T12:05:05Z

Steven Harkins at 12:04, 11 September 2009

2009-09-11T12:04:45Z

Steven Harkins: /* Savimbi's Washington allies */

2009-09-11T12:04:09Z

Savimbi's Washington allies

Steven Harkins at 12:03, 11 September 2009

2009-09-11T12:03:36Z

Steven Harkins at 11:52, 11 September 2009

2009-09-11T11:52:45Z

Steven Harkins at 11:52, 11 September 2009

2009-09-11T11:52:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 9 December 2009
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−	[[Jonas Savimbi]] was the leader of the [[UNITA]] rebels during the Angolan civil war<ref>BBC Monitoring Africa - Political, [http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.stir.ac.uk/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7317734512&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7317734515&cisb=22_T7317734514&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=5 Angolan interior minister: "There will be no negotiations with Dr Savimbi"], ''BBC Worldwide Monitoring'', 23-March-2001, Accessed via NexisUK 11-September-2009</ref>.	+	[[Jonas Savimbi]] (died November 2002) was the leader of the [[UNITA]] rebels during the Angolan civil war<ref>BBC Monitoring Africa - Political, [http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.stir.ac.uk/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7317734512&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7317734515&cisb=22_T7317734514&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=5 Angolan interior minister: "There will be no negotiations with Dr Savimbi"], ''BBC Worldwide Monitoring'', 23-March-2001, Accessed via NexisUK 11-September-2009</ref>.

	With support from the governments of the United States, South Africa, Israel,<ref>National Congress Library,[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ao0184) ''Angola: A Country Study''], ''Congress Library'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> several African leaders including [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] of the Ivory Coast and [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] of Zaire(Mobutu denied helping UNITA)<ref>Blaine Harden, ''Africa: Dispatches from a Fragile Continent'', p. 51, and Sean Kelly, ''America's Tyrant: The CIA and Mobutu of Zaire'', p. 4</ref>. Savimbi spent much of his life battling Angola's Marxist-inspired government, which was supported by weapons and military advisers from the Soviet Union, Cuba, and Nicaragua Sandinistas.<ref>''Nicaragua Betrayed'', by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox, backflap</ref> The war ultimately became one of the most prominent Third World conflicts of the Cold War. [[Sean Cleary]] was a political advisor to Savimbi<ref>Elaine Windrich, [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=6724 Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds], ''HNet Book Reviews'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.		With support from the governments of the United States, South Africa, Israel,<ref>National Congress Library,[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ao0184) ''Angola: A Country Study''], ''Congress Library'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> several African leaders including [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] of the Ivory Coast and [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] of Zaire(Mobutu denied helping UNITA)<ref>Blaine Harden, ''Africa: Dispatches from a Fragile Continent'', p. 51, and Sean Kelly, ''America's Tyrant: The CIA and Mobutu of Zaire'', p. 4</ref>. Savimbi spent much of his life battling Angola's Marxist-inspired government, which was supported by weapons and military advisers from the Soviet Union, Cuba, and Nicaragua Sandinistas.<ref>''Nicaragua Betrayed'', by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox, backflap</ref> The war ultimately became one of the most prominent Third World conflicts of the Cold War. [[Sean Cleary]] was a political advisor to Savimbi<ref>Elaine Windrich, [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=6724 Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds], ''HNet Book Reviews'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.

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 *Christine Messiant, "Les Eglises et la dernière guerre en Angola. Les voies difficiles de l'engagement pour une paix juste", LFM. Social sciences & missions, No.13, Oct. 2003, pp.75-117
 *[http://www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/HL217.cfm "The Coming Winds of Democracy in Angola"], Jonas Savimbi speech to the [[Heritage Foundation]], October 5, 1989.
 ==Notes==
 <references/>

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 Two years later, with the Angolan Civil War intensifying, Savimbi returned to Washington, where he was filled with gratitude and praise for the Heritage Foundation's work on UNITA's behalf.  "When we come to the Heritage Foundation", Savimbi said during a June 30, 1988 speech at the foundation, "it is like coming back home. We know that our success here in Washington in repealing the Clark Amendment and obtaining American assistance for our cause is very much associated with your efforts. This foundation has been a source of great support. The UNITA leadership knows this, and it is also known in Angola."<ref>Jonas Savimbi,[http://www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/HL217.cfm The Coming Winds of Democracy in Angola], The Heritage Foundation, 30-June-1988, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.
 ==Affiliations==
 [[UNITA]] | [[Heritage Foundation]]
 ==Resources==

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	==Notes==		==Notes==
	<references/>		<references/>
−
−	~~[[Category:Cold War]]~~

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	<references/>		<references/>

−	[[Category:~~Angola~~]]	+	[[Category:Cold War]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 11 September 2009
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	==Notes==		==Notes==
	<references/>		<references/>
		+
		+	[[Category:Angola]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 11 September 2009
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	==The Cold War and the Heritage Foundation==		==The Cold War and the Heritage Foundation==

−	~~==Savimbi's Washington allies==~~
	Savimbi's war against Angola's Marxist government became a sub-plot to the Cold War, with both Moscow and Washington viewing the conflict as important to the global balance of power. In 1985, with the backing of the [[Ronald Reagan]] administration, [[Jack Abramoff]] and other U.S. conservatives organized the [[Democratic International]] in Savimbi's base in Jamba, Cuando, in Cuando Cubango Province in southeastern Angola.<ref>James Verini, [http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/feature/2005/08/17/abramoff/index.html The tale of "Red Scorpion"], Salon, 17-August-2005, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> The meeting included most of the anti-communist guerrilla leaders of the Third World, including Savimbi, Nicaraguan contras leader [[Adolfo Calero]], and [[Abdul Rahim Wardak]], then leader of Afghanistan's mujahideen who went on to become Afghanistan's Defense Minister.		Savimbi's war against Angola's Marxist government became a sub-plot to the Cold War, with both Moscow and Washington viewing the conflict as important to the global balance of power. In 1985, with the backing of the [[Ronald Reagan]] administration, [[Jack Abramoff]] and other U.S. conservatives organized the [[Democratic International]] in Savimbi's base in Jamba, Cuando, in Cuando Cubango Province in southeastern Angola.<ref>James Verini, [http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/feature/2005/08/17/abramoff/index.html The tale of "Red Scorpion"], Salon, 17-August-2005, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> The meeting included most of the anti-communist guerrilla leaders of the Third World, including Savimbi, Nicaraguan contras leader [[Adolfo Calero]], and [[Abdul Rahim Wardak]], then leader of Afghanistan's mujahideen who went on to become Afghanistan's Defense Minister.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 11 September 2009
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	After surviving more than a dozen assassination attempts, Savimbi was killed on February 22, 2002, in a battle with Angolan government troops - and, reportedly, South African mercenaries and Israeli special forces<ref>Fred Bridgland in Johannesburg and Michael Evans, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2299853,00.html 'Dogs of War' ban will rob British Army of vital frontline soldiers], ''The Times'', 05-August-2006, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> - along riverbanks in the province of Moxico, his birthplace. In the firefight, Savimbi sustained 15 machine gun bullets to his head, throat, upper body and legs. While Savimbi returned gun fire, the blows proved immediately fatal.<ref>BBC News,[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1839252.stm "Savimbi 'died with gun in hand'"], ''BBC News'', February 25, 2002.</ref>		After surviving more than a dozen assassination attempts, Savimbi was killed on February 22, 2002, in a battle with Angolan government troops - and, reportedly, South African mercenaries and Israeli special forces<ref>Fred Bridgland in Johannesburg and Michael Evans, [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,3-2299853,00.html 'Dogs of War' ban will rob British Army of vital frontline soldiers], ''The Times'', 05-August-2006, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> - along riverbanks in the province of Moxico, his birthplace. In the firefight, Savimbi sustained 15 machine gun bullets to his head, throat, upper body and legs. While Savimbi returned gun fire, the blows proved immediately fatal.<ref>BBC News,[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1839252.stm "Savimbi 'died with gun in hand'"], ''BBC News'', February 25, 2002.</ref>
		+
		+	==The Cold War and the Heritage Foundation==
		+
		+	==Savimbi's Washington allies==
		+	Savimbi's war against Angola's Marxist government became a sub-plot to the Cold War, with both Moscow and Washington viewing the conflict as important to the global balance of power. In 1985, with the backing of the [[Ronald Reagan]] administration, [[Jack Abramoff]] and other U.S. conservatives organized the [[Democratic International]] in Savimbi's base in Jamba, Cuando, in Cuando Cubango Province in southeastern Angola.<ref>James Verini, [http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/feature/2005/08/17/abramoff/index.html The tale of "Red Scorpion"], Salon, 17-August-2005, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> The meeting included most of the anti-communist guerrilla leaders of the Third World, including Savimbi, Nicaraguan contras leader [[Adolfo Calero]], and [[Abdul Rahim Wardak]], then leader of Afghanistan's mujahideen who went on to become Afghanistan's Defense Minister.
		+
		+	Equally important, Savimbi also was strongly supported by the influential, conservative [[Heritage Foundation]]. Heritage Foundation foreign policy analyst [[Michael Johns]] and other conservatives visited regularly with Savimbi in his clandestine camps in Jamba and provided the rebel leader with ongoing political and military guidance in his war against the Angolan government. Savimbi's U.S.-based supporters ultimately proved successful in convincing the [[CIA]] to channel covert weapons and recruit guerrillas for Savimbi's war against Angola's Marxist government, which greatly intensified and prolonged the conflict.
		+
		+	During a visit to Washington in 1986, Reagan invited Savimbi to meet with him at the White House. Following the meeting, Reagan spoke of UNITA winning "a victory that electrifies the world."
		+
		+	Two years later, with the Angolan Civil War intensifying, Savimbi returned to Washington, where he was filled with gratitude and praise for the Heritage Foundation's work on UNITA's behalf. "When we come to the Heritage Foundation", Savimbi said during a June 30, 1988 speech at the foundation, "it is like coming back home. We know that our success here in Washington in repealing the Clark Amendment and obtaining American assistance for our cause is very much associated with your efforts. This foundation has been a source of great support. The UNITA leadership knows this, and it is also known in Angola."<ref>Jonas Savimbi,[http://www.heritage.org/Research/Africa/HL217.cfm The Coming Winds of Democracy in Angola], The Heritage Foundation, 30-June-1988, Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.
		+
		+	==Affiliations==
		+
		+	[[UNITA]] \| [[Heritage Foundation]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Jonas Savimbi]] was the leader of the [[UNITA]] rebels during the Angolan civil war<ref>BBC Monitoring Africa - Political, [http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.stir.ac.uk/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T7317734512&format=GNBFI&sort=RELEVANCE&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T7317734515&cisb=22_T7317734514&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=10962&docNo=5 Angolan interior minister: "There will be no negotiations with Dr Savimbi"], ''BBC Worldwide Monitoring'', 23-March-2001, Accessed via NexisUK 11-September-2009</ref>.
-With support from the governments of the United States, South Africa, Israel,<ref>National Congress Library,[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ao0184) ''Angola: A Country Study''], ''Congress Library'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> several African leaders ([[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] of the Ivory Coast and [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] of Zaire (now DR Congo)(Mobutu denied helping UNITA)<ref>Blaine Harden, ''Africa: Dispatches from a Fragile Continent'', p. 51, and Sean Kelly, ''America's Tyrant: The CIA and Mobutu of Zaire'', p. 4</ref>. Savimbi spent much of his life battling Angola's Marxist-inspired government, which was supported by weapons and military advisers from the Soviet Union, Cuba, and Nicaragua Sandinistas.<ref>''Nicaragua Betrayed'', by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox, backflap</ref> The war ultimately became one of the most prominent Third World conflicts of the Cold War. [[Sean Cleary]] was a political advisor to Savimbi<ref>Elaine Windrich, [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=6724 Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds], ''HNet Book Reviews'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.
+With support from the governments of the United States, South Africa, Israel,<ref>National Congress Library,[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ao0184) ''Angola: A Country Study''], ''Congress Library'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref> several African leaders including [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] of the Ivory Coast and [[Mobutu Sese Seko]] of Zaire(Mobutu denied helping UNITA)<ref>Blaine Harden, ''Africa: Dispatches from a Fragile Continent'', p. 51, and Sean Kelly, ''America's Tyrant: The CIA and Mobutu of Zaire'', p. 4</ref>. Savimbi spent much of his life battling Angola's Marxist-inspired government, which was supported by weapons and military advisers from the Soviet Union, Cuba, and Nicaragua Sandinistas.<ref>''Nicaragua Betrayed'', by Anastasio Somoza and Jack Cox, backflap</ref> The war ultimately became one of the most prominent Third World conflicts of the Cold War. [[Sean Cleary]] was a political advisor to Savimbi<ref>Elaine Windrich, [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=6724 Angola's War Economy: The Role of Oil and Diamonds], ''HNet Book Reviews'', Accessed 11-September-2009</ref>.
 ==2002: Killed in combat==