Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Yemen - Revision history

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{{short description|'''Operation Magic Carpet, the expulsion of Yemen's last Jews by the Houthis, the 2016 Jewish Agency airlift, Houthi attacks on shipping and on the Zionist entity, and Israeli strikes on Hodeidah and Sanaa'''}}

'''Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Yemen''' run from one of the largest Jewish migrations to "Israel" to open war with the [[Ansar Allah|Houthi movement]]. Nearly 50,000 Jews were airlifted from Yemen, Aden, Djibouti and Asmara in 1948–50 in what the [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee]] called Operation Magic Carpet.<ref name="JDC">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives, [https://archives.jdc.org/our-collections/finding-aids/jerusalem/1944-1952/aden/ Finding Aid – Jerusalem – 1944-1952 – Aden] ''JDC Archives'', accessed 20 October 2026.</ref> By 2023 one Jew was believed to remain in the country, held by the Houthis.<ref name="IRFYE">US Department of State, [https://2021-2025.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/yemen/ 2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Yemen] ''US Department of State'', 2024.</ref> Since 2023 the Houthis have attacked shipping and fired missiles and drones at "Israel", and "Israel" has struck the port of Hodeidah, Sanaa airport and the Houthi government.<ref name="Lloyds2024">''Lloyd's List'', [https://www.lloydslist.com/LL1151497/A-year-of-Houthi-terror-in-numbers A year of Houthi terror in numbers] ''Lloyd's List'', 19 November 2024.</ref><ref name="AJ2025b">''Al Jazeera'', [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/30/yemens-houthis-confirm-israeli-airstrike-killed-the-groups-prime-minister Yemen's Houthis confirm prime minister killed in Israeli strike on Sanaa] ''Al Jazeera'', 30 August 2025.</ref>

==Jewish community and religious life==
===History===
The [[World Jewish Congress]] says the Jews of Yemen trace their origins to biblical times, and that the first recorded reference to them dates from the third century CE. Restrictions on Jews continued into the 19th century, and waves of Jews began leaving in 1882, mainly for Palestine. Although Imam Yahya banned emigration to Palestine in 1929, about 16,000 Jews, a third of the community, left between 1919 and 1948. His son and successor eased the ban, which "allowed for the massive airlift". After riots in 1947 most of the South Yemen community also left, and the rest were evacuated to Britain in June 1967.<ref name="WJCYE">World Jewish Congress, [https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/about/communities/YE Community in Yemen] ''World Jewish Congress'', accessed 20 October 2026.</ref> According to the [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]], the riots in Aden that followed the UN partition vote of November 1947 killed 82 Jews.<ref name="JDC" />

===The last Jews and the Houthis===
In March 2021 ''Asharq Al-Awsat'' reported that the [[Ansar Allah|Houthis]] had driven 13 Jews from three families out of their homes in Sanaa, leaving four elderly Jews. It said the 13 had refused to go to "Israel" and were waiting for the UN refugee agency to resettle them. Their departure was part of a deal to free Levi Salem Marhabi, a Jew held by Houthi intelligence. One of them said, "They gave us a choice between staying in the midst of harassment and keeping Salem a prisoner or leaving and having him released."<ref name="Aawsat2021">Mohammed Nasser, [https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2886166/houthis-expel-last-yemeni-jews Houthis Expel the Last of Yemeni Jews] ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', 28 March 2021.</ref> ''Al-Monitor'' added that in January 2021 some Yemenite Jews had been allowed into the United Arab Emirates, where they joined relatives living in London.<ref name="AlMonitor2021">Rina Bassist, [https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/03/houthis-deport-some-yemens-last-remaining-jews Houthis deport some of Yemen's last remaining Jews] ''Al-Monitor'', 29 March 2021.</ref> Marhabi was not freed. The US State Department reported that at the end of 2023 the Houthis still held Marhabi, "believed to be the last Jew left in the country", despite a 2019 order by a Houthi "court" to free him. A Yemeni NGO, the Insaf Center, said he had been tortured and left partly paralysed. The Houthi slogan includes "Death to Israel, Curse on the Jews", and the Houthi-owned al-Masirah TV broadcast antisemitic programmes. Jews could not serve in the military or national government.<ref name="IRFYE" />

'''How far is it Zionist?''' No Jewish communal body survives in Yemen. The 2021 exiles refused to go to "Israel", according to ''Asharq Al-Awsat''.<ref name="Aawsat2021" /> The Zionist link was the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] airlift of 2016. ''Al-Monitor'' reports that Marhabi's arrest was apparently linked to that operation, and that the Houthis were angered when [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Netanyahu]] was photographed with a Torah scroll the group brought out.<ref name="AlMonitor2021" />

===Chabad===
No Chabad emissary or centre was found in Yemen.
:''Main article: [[Chabad-Lubavitch in West Asia]]''
The [[Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States]] lists no rabbi for Yemen.<ref name="ARIS">Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States, [https://www.rabbisalliance.org/about/the-rabbis/ The Rabbis] ''rabbisalliance.org'', accessed 20 October 2026 (partisan).</ref>

==Zionist movement and advocacy==
No Zionist organisation operating in Yemen was found. Zionist activity took the form of organised emigration, through the [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]] and the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] in 1948–50 and the Jewish Agency in 2016 (see below).<ref name="JDC" /><ref name="AJ2016">''Al Jazeera'', [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/3/22/yemeni-jews-flown-to-israel-in-covert-operation Yemeni Jews flown to Israel in covert operation] ''Al Jazeera'', 22 March 2016.</ref>

==Israeli state and commercial ties==
===Houthi attacks on shipping===
According to ''Lloyd's List'', in the year after the [[Ansar Allah|Houthis]] hijacked the car carrier ''Galaxy Leader'' and took its crew hostage, the security company Ambrey counted more than 300 attacks on shipping in the Red Sea. Most traffic was rerouted. The group has always said it targets Israeli-owned ships or ships that have called at Israeli ports, but ''Lloyd's List'' found that Greek owners were the most often targeted by tonnage.<ref name="Lloyds2024" />

===Strikes on Hodeidah, 2024===
On 19 July 2024 a Houthi drone hit Tel Aviv, killing one person.<ref name="Guardian2024">Ruth Michaelson, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/20/airstrikes-hit-yemens-hodeidah-port-after-israel-vows-revenge-for-houthi-attack Israel strikes Yemen port after Houthi rebels attack Tel Aviv] ''The Guardian'', 20 July 2024.</ref> The next day "Israel" struck the port of Hodeidah, the first time it had responded directly to what it said were hundreds of drone and missile attacks from Yemen.<ref name="BBC2024">Tom Spender and Paul Adams, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3g68g11445o Israel strikes Houthi targets in Yemen after drone attack on Tel Aviv] ''BBC News'', 20 July 2024.</ref> The strikes hit a refinery, oil facilities and power infrastructure. The Houthi channel Almasirah reported three killed and 87 wounded. The defence minister, [[Yoav Gallant]], said, "The first time that they harmed an Israeli citizen, we struck them."<ref name="Guardian2024" />

===Sanaa airport, 2025===
On 6 May 2025 "Israel" struck Sanaa airport. Airport sources told Reuters that the strikes hit three civilian planes, the departures hall, the runway and a military air base. The Israeli military said it also struck power stations and a cement factory. The IDF said the Houthis used the airport to "transfer weapons and operatives".<ref name="BBC2025a">BBC News, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7050j07gedo Israel attacks main airport in Yemen's capital Sanaa] ''BBC News'', 6 May 2025.</ref> On 28 May it struck the airport again. The airport's director said the strike destroyed the last civilian plane Yemenia was operating there, which was due to carry Hajj pilgrims. [[Israel Katz]] said the air force had "destroyed the last aircraft remaining".<ref name="AJ2025a">''Al Jazeera'', [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/28/israel-launches-attack-on-yemens-sanaa-airport Israel attacks Yemen's Sanaa airport; Houthis say won't deter Gaza support] ''Al Jazeera'', 28 May 2025.</ref>

===Killing of the Houthi prime minister, 2025===
On 30 August 2025 the Houthis said their prime minister, Ahmed Ghaleb al-Rahawi, had been killed along with "several" other ministers in an Israeli strike on Sanaa on Thursday 28 August. The Israeli military said it had hit "a Houthi terrorist regime military target". [[Mahdi al-Mashat]], who chairs the Houthi Supreme Political Council, vowed revenge.<ref name="AJ2025b" /> The BBC reported that al-Rahawi had been prime minister since August 2024 and was widely seen as a figurehead rather than part of the group's military decision-making.<ref name="BBC2025b">Jaroslav Lukiv, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c620ykrxedwo Houthis confirm their prime minister killed in Israeli strike] ''BBC News'', 30 August 2025.</ref>

===The 2026 war===
On 28 March 2026 the Houthis said they had fired ballistic missiles at "sensitive Israeli military sites", their first attacks on "Israel" in the war with Iran. "Israel" said it intercepted one missile. The Houthi military spokesman, [[Yahya Saree]], announced a second wave of cruise missiles and drones.<ref name="Guardian2026">Julian Borger, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/28/houthi-forces-enter-iran-conflict-with-missile-attacks-on-israeli-military-sites Houthi forces enter Iran conflict with missile attacks on Israeli military sites] ''The Guardian'', 28 March 2026.</ref> According to the US Congressional Research Service, in July 2026 the Houthis resumed attacks on Saudi Arabia, and in September 2026 they seized the coastal areas next to the Bab al-Mandeb strait.<ref name="CRS2026">Christopher M. Blanchard, Jeremy M. Sharp, Clayton Thomas and Jim Zanotti, [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48887.html U.S. Conflict with Iran] ''Congressional Research Service'', R48887, updated 18 September 2026.</ref>

===Arms, trade and intelligence===
The SIPRI register records no arms transfers from "Israel" to Yemen.<ref name="SIPRIYE">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, [https://armstransfers.sipri.org SIPRI Arms Transfers Database], trade registers, Israel as supplier, 1950–2025, generated 20 October 2026 (library copy).</ref> The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics country trade table does not list Yemen.<ref name="CBS">Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel), [https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/fr_trade12_2025/td1.pdf Foreign Trade Statistics Monthly, Table D1: Trade Countries – Imports and Exports] ''CBS'', December 2025 issue (library copy) (partisan).</ref> [[Citizen Lab]]'s 2018 survey of [[NSO Group]]'s Pegasus spyware listed Yemen among 45 countries with suspected infections, linked to an operator it called BLACKBIRD, which it did not assign to any country.<ref name="CLHide">Citizen Lab, [https://citizenlab.ca/research/hide-and-seek-tracking-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-to-operations-in-45-countries/ Hide and Seek: Tracking NSO Group's Pegasus Spyware to Operations in 45 Countries] ''The Citizen Lab'', 18 September 2018 (critical).</ref> In 2021 Citizen Lab reported that Microsoft had found victims of spyware from the Israeli firm [[Candiru]] in countries including Yemen.<ref name="CLCandiru">Citizen Lab, [https://citizenlab.ca/2021/07/hooking-candiru-another-mercenary-spyware-vendor-comes-into-focus/ Hooking Candiru: Another Mercenary Spyware Vendor Comes into Focus] ''The Citizen Lab'', 15 July 2021 (critical).</ref>

==Migration and aliyah==
===Operation Magic Carpet, 1948–50===
The [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]] says it "planned, coordinated, implemented, and financed" Operation Magic Carpet, "the largest human airlift in history". Flights chartered from Alaska Airlines carried nearly 50,000 Jews from Yemen, Aden, Djibouti and Asmara to "Israel" between December 1948 and September 1950. Its records show the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] set conditions for the first phase and negotiated with the JDC over transport costs.<ref name="JDC" /> The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics records 48,315 Yemeni-born immigrants (including South Yemen) in 1948–51, 1,170 in 1952–60, 1,066 in 1961–71 and 671 in 1990–99.<ref name="CBSAliyah">Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel), [https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2024/2.ShnatonPopulation/st02_55.pdf Statistical Abstract of Israel 2024, Table 2.55: Immigrants, by period of immigration, country of birth and last country of residence] ''CBS'', 2024 (partisan).</ref>

===The 2016 airlift===
In March 2016 the Jewish Agency said that 19 Jews had been brought to "Israel" from Yemen in a "covert operation": 14 from the town of Raydah and a family of five from Sanaa. They included a rabbi carrying a 500-year-old Torah scroll. About 50 Jews chose to stay, most in a compound near the US embassy in Sanaa. The agency's head, [[Natan Sharansky]], said the arrivals had "brought the mission to its conclusion".<ref name="AJ2016" /><ref name="BBC2016">BBC News, [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35861374 Yemeni Jews brought to Israel in secret mission] ''BBC News'', 21 March 2016.</ref>

===2021===
No source reviewed records an airlift to "Israel" in 2021. The 2021 departures were the Houthi expulsion of 13 Jews, who refused to go to "Israel", and the arrival of some Yemenite Jews in the UAE (see above).<ref name="Aawsat2021" /><ref name="AlMonitor2021" />

==Political interference==
The [[Ansar Allah|Houthis]] said the Torah scroll taken to "Israel" in 2016 had been smuggled out illegally.<ref name="AlMonitor2021" /> According to ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', they used Marhabi's detention as a bargaining chip to drive out the last Jews.<ref name="Aawsat2021" /> The Houthis say their attacks on "Israel" and on shipping support the Palestinians in Gaza.<ref name="BBC2024" />

No credible sourced link between [[Jeffrey Epstein]] and Yemen was found, so this page has no Epstein section.

==See also==
*[[Chabad-Lubavitch in West Asia]]
*[[Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States]]
*[[Jewish Agency for Israel]]
*[[Zionist Movement|Zionist movement]]
*[[Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Saudi Arabia]]
*[[Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Iran]]
*[[Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Oman]]

==External links==
*[https://archives.jdc.org/our-collections/finding-aids/jerusalem/1944-1952/aden/ JDC Archives: Aden collection]

==Notes==
<references/>

[[Category:Zionist movement|Yemen]]
[[Category:Yemen]]

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 No Chabad emissary or centre was found in Yemen.
 :''Main article: [[Chabad-Lubavitch in West Asia]]''
-The [[Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States]] lists no rabbi for Yemen.<ref name="ARIS">Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States, [https://www.rabbisalliance.org/about/the-rabbis/ The Rabbis] ''rabbisalliance.org'', accessed 20 October 2026 (Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States-side).</ref>
+The [[Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States]] lists no rabbi for Yemen.<ref name="ARIS">Alliance of Rabbis in Islamic States, [https://www.rabbisalliance.org/about/the-rabbis/ The Rabbis] ''rabbisalliance.org'', accessed 20 October 2026.</ref>
 ==Zionist movement and advocacy==
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 ===The 2026 war===
-On 28 March 2026 Ansar Allah said it had fired ballistic missiles at "sensitive Israeli military sites", its first attacks on "Israel" in the war with Iran. "Israel" said it intercepted one missile. The Ansar Allah military spokesman, [[Yahya Saree]], announced a second wave of cruise missiles and drones.<ref name="Guardian2026">Julian Borger, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/28/houthi-forces-enter-iran-conflict-with-missile-attacks-on-israeli-military-sites Houthi forces enter Iran conflict with missile attacks on Israeli military sites] ''The Guardian'', 28 March 2026.</ref> According to the US Congressional Research Service, in July 2026 Ansar Allah resumed attacks on Saudi Arabia, and in September 2026 it seized the coastal areas next to the Bab al-Mandeb strait.<ref name="CRS2026">Christopher M. Blanchard, Jeremy M. Sharp, Clayton Thomas and Jim Zanotti, [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48887.html U.S. Conflict with Iran] ''Congressional Research Service'', R48887, updated 18 September 2026 (US Congress-side).</ref>
+On 28 March 2026 Ansar Allah said it had fired ballistic missiles at "sensitive Israeli military sites", its first attacks on "Israel" in the war with Iran. "Israel" said it intercepted one missile. The Ansar Allah military spokesman, [[Yahya Saree]], announced a second wave of cruise missiles and drones.<ref name="Guardian2026">Julian Borger, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/28/houthi-forces-enter-iran-conflict-with-missile-attacks-on-israeli-military-sites Houthi forces enter Iran conflict with missile attacks on Israeli military sites] ''The Guardian'', 28 March 2026.</ref> According to the US Congressional Research Service, in July 2026 Ansar Allah resumed attacks on Saudi Arabia, and in September 2026 it seized the coastal areas next to the Bab al-Mandeb strait.<ref name="CRS2026">Christopher M. Blanchard, Jeremy M. Sharp, Clayton Thomas and Jim Zanotti, [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48887.html U.S. Conflict with Iran] ''Congressional Research Service'', R48887, updated 18 September 2026.</ref>
 ===Arms, trade and intelligence===
-The SIPRI register records no arms transfers from "Israel" to Yemen.<ref name="SIPRIYE">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, [https://armstransfers.sipri.org SIPRI Arms Transfers Database], trade registers, Israel as supplier, 1950–2025, generated 20 October 2026 (library copy).</ref> The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics country trade table does not list Yemen.<ref name="CBS">Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel), [https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/fr_trade12_2025/td1.pdf Foreign Trade Statistics Monthly, Table D1: Trade Countries – Imports and Exports] ''CBS'', December 2025 issue (library copy) (Israeli government-side).</ref> [[Citizen Lab]]'s 2018 survey of [[NSO Group]]'s Pegasus spyware listed Yemen among 45 countries with suspected infections, linked to an operator it called BLACKBIRD, which it did not assign to any country.<ref name="CLHide">Citizen Lab, [https://citizenlab.ca/research/hide-and-seek-tracking-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-to-operations-in-45-countries/ Hide and Seek: Tracking NSO Group's Pegasus Spyware to Operations in 45 Countries] ''The Citizen Lab'', 18 September 2018 (critical).</ref> In 2021 Citizen Lab reported that Microsoft had found victims of spyware from the Israeli firm [[Candiru]] in countries including Yemen.<ref name="CLCandiru">Citizen Lab, [https://citizenlab.ca/2021/07/hooking-candiru-another-mercenary-spyware-vendor-comes-into-focus/ Hooking Candiru: Another Mercenary Spyware Vendor Comes into Focus] ''The Citizen Lab'', 15 July 2021 (critical).</ref>
+The SIPRI register records no arms transfers from "Israel" to Yemen.<ref name="SIPRIYE">Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, [https://armstransfers.sipri.org SIPRI Arms Transfers Database], trade registers, Israel as supplier, 1950–2025, generated 20 October 2026 (library copy).</ref> The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics country trade table does not list Yemen.<ref name="CBS">Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel), [https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2026/fr_trade12_2025/td1.pdf Foreign Trade Statistics Monthly, Table D1: Trade Countries – Imports and Exports] ''CBS'', December 2025 issue (library copy).</ref> [[Citizen Lab]]'s 2018 survey of [[NSO Group]]'s Pegasus spyware listed Yemen among 45 countries with suspected infections, linked to an operator it called BLACKBIRD, which it did not assign to any country.<ref name="CLHide">Citizen Lab, [https://citizenlab.ca/research/hide-and-seek-tracking-nso-groups-pegasus-spyware-to-operations-in-45-countries/ Hide and Seek: Tracking NSO Group's Pegasus Spyware to Operations in 45 Countries] ''The Citizen Lab'', 18 September 2018.</ref> In 2021 Citizen Lab reported that Microsoft had found victims of spyware from the Israeli firm [[Candiru]] in countries including Yemen.<ref name="CLCandiru">Citizen Lab, [https://citizenlab.ca/2021/07/hooking-candiru-another-mercenary-spyware-vendor-comes-into-focus/ Hooking Candiru: Another Mercenary Spyware Vendor Comes into Focus] ''The Citizen Lab'', 15 July 2021.</ref>
 ==Migration and aliyah==
 ===Operation Magic Carpet, 1948–50===
-The [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]] says it "planned, coordinated, implemented, and financed" Operation Magic Carpet, "the largest human airlift in history". Flights chartered from Alaska Airlines carried nearly 50,000 Jews from Yemen, Aden, Djibouti and Asmara to "Israel" between December 1948 and September 1950. Its records show the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] set conditions for the first phase and negotiated with the JDC over transport costs.<ref name="JDC" /> The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics records 48,315 Yemeni-born immigrants (including South Yemen) in 1948–51, 1,170 in 1952–60, 1,066 in 1961–71 and 671 in 1990–99.<ref name="CBSAliyah">Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel), [https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2024/2.ShnatonPopulation/st02_55.pdf Statistical Abstract of Israel 2024, Table 2.55: Immigrants, by period of immigration, country of birth and last country of residence] ''CBS'', 2024 (Israeli government-side).</ref>
+The [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]] says it "planned, coordinated, implemented, and financed" Operation Magic Carpet, "the largest human airlift in history". Flights chartered from Alaska Airlines carried nearly 50,000 Jews from Yemen, Aden, Djibouti and Asmara to "Israel" between December 1948 and September 1950. Its records show the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] set conditions for the first phase and negotiated with the JDC over transport costs.<ref name="JDC" /> The Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics records 48,315 Yemeni-born immigrants (including South Yemen) in 1948–51, 1,170 in 1952–60, 1,066 in 1961–71 and 671 in 1990–99.<ref name="CBSAliyah">Central Bureau of Statistics (Israel), [https://www.cbs.gov.il/he/publications/DocLib/2024/2.ShnatonPopulation/st02_55.pdf Statistical Abstract of Israel 2024, Table 2.55: Immigrants, by period of immigration, country of birth and last country of residence] ''CBS'', 2024.</ref>
 ===The 2016 airlift===

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:40, 22 October 2026
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	{{short description\|'''Operation Magic Carpet, the expulsion of Yemen's last Jews by Ansar Allah (the Houthis), the 2016 Jewish Agency airlift, Ansar Allah attacks on shipping and on the Zionist entity, and Israeli strikes on Hodeidah and Sanaa'''}}		{{short description\|'''Operation Magic Carpet, the expulsion of Yemen's last Jews by Ansar Allah (the Houthis), the 2016 Jewish Agency airlift, Ansar Allah attacks on shipping and on the Zionist entity, and Israeli strikes on Hodeidah and Sanaa'''}}

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ===The 2026 war===
-On 28 March 2026 Ansar Allah said it had fired ballistic missiles at "sensitive Israeli military sites", its first attacks on "Israel" in the war with Iran. "Israel" said it intercepted one missile. The Ansar Allah military spokesman, [[Yahya Saree]], announced a second wave of cruise missiles and drones.<ref name="Guardian2026">Julian Borger, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/28/houthi-forces-enter-iran-conflict-with-missile-attacks-on-israeli-military-sites Houthi forces enter Iran conflict with missile attacks on Israeli military sites] ''The Guardian'', 28 March 2026.</ref> According to the US Congressional Research Service, in July 2026 Ansar Allah resumed attacks on Saudi Arabia, and in September 2026 it seized the coastal areas next to the Bab al-Mandeb strait.<ref name="CRS2026">Christopher M. Blanchard, Jeremy M. Sharp, Clayton Thomas and Jim Zanotti, [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48887.html U.S. Conflict with Iran] ''Congressional Research Service'', R48887, updated 18 September 2026.</ref>
+On 28 March 2026 Ansar Allah said it had fired ballistic missiles at "sensitive Israeli military sites", its first attacks on "Israel" in the war with Iran. "Israel" said it intercepted one missile. The Ansar Allah military spokesman, [[Yahya Saree]], announced a second wave of cruise missiles and drones.<ref name="Guardian2026">Julian Borger, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/28/houthi-forces-enter-iran-conflict-with-missile-attacks-on-israeli-military-sites Houthi forces enter Iran conflict with missile attacks on Israeli military sites] ''The Guardian'', 28 March 2026.</ref> According to the US Congressional Research Service, in July 2026 Ansar Allah resumed attacks on Saudi Arabia, and in September 2026 it seized the coastal areas next to the Bab al-Mandeb strait.<ref name="CRS2026">Christopher M. Blanchard, Jeremy M. Sharp, Clayton Thomas and Jim Zanotti, [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48887.html U.S. Conflict with Iran] ''Congressional Research Service'', R48887, updated 18 September 2026 (US Congress-side).</ref>
 ===Arms, trade and intelligence===

@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 ===Jeffrey Epstein===
-[[Jeffrey Epstein]] corresponded with the Yemeni billionaire [[Shaher Abdulhak]] from 2012, according to Justice Department documents reviewed by the ''Miami Herald''. Abdulhak's son Farouk, a suspect in the 2008 rape and murder of the Norwegian student Martine Vik Magnussen in London, had left Britain for Yemen. In June 2012 Epstein told Abdulhak that he had spoken to the British lawyer [[Ken Macdonald]] and advised him to focus on "what punishment would be acceptable". Macdonald told the ''Herald'' that he had no recollection of more than a single call from Epstein, that Epstein was never his client, and that he would never have told him that Farouk would get bail. Farouk remains in Yemen. In 2018 Abdulhak called Epstein a potential "peace maker in Yemen" and asked him to speak to the Saudi crown prince, [[Mohammed bin Salman]], about a four-day halt to the bombing; it is not known whether he did. Abdulhak died in 2020.<ref name="EpMH">Shirsho Dasgupta, [https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article315250480.html Epstein's ties to Arab royals: An offer to tutor crown prince, a gift from Mecca] ''Miami Herald'', 8 April 2026.</ref>
+[[Jeffrey Epstein]] corresponded with the Yemeni billionaire [[Shaher Abdulhak]] from 2012, according to Justice Department documents reviewed by the ''Miami Herald''. Abdulhak's son Farouk, a suspect in the 2008 rape and murder of the Norwegian student Martine Vik Magnussen in London, had left Britain for Yemen. In June 2012 Epstein told Abdulhak that he had spoken to the British lawyer [[Ken Macdonald]] and advised him to focus on "what punishment would be acceptable". Macdonald told the ''Herald'' that he had no recollection of more than a single call from Epstein, that Epstein was never his client, and that he would never have told him that Farouk would get bail. Farouk remains in Yemen. In 2018 Abdulhak called Epstein a potential "peace maker in Yemen" and asked him to speak to the Saudi crown prince, [[Mohammed bin Salman]], about a four-day halt to the bombing; it is not known whether he did. Abdulhak died in 2020.<ref name="EpMH">Shirsho Dasgupta, [https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article315250480.html Epstein's ties to Arab royals: An offer to tutor crown prince, a gift from Mecca] ''Miami Herald'', 8 April 2026.</ref> On 11 June 2013 Epstein asked a correspondent: "somaliland , yemen, comoros island , are there any gates program there". The reply was "No".<ref name="EpEFTA00962987">Email to Jeffrey Epstein, "Re:", 11 June 2013, US Department of Justice Epstein files release, Data Set 9, [https://www.justice.gov/epstein/files/DataSet%209/EFTA00962987.pdf EFTA00962987] ([https://tommycarstensen.com/epstein/data/documents/set9/00962/EFTA00962987.html mirror]), accessed 21 October 2026.</ref>
 ==See also==

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 [[Ansar Allah]] said the Torah scroll taken to "Israel" in 2016 had been smuggled out illegally.<ref name="AlMonitor2021" /> According to ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', it used Marhabi's detention as a bargaining chip to drive out the last Jews.<ref name="Aawsat2021" /> Ansar Allah says its attacks on "Israel" and on shipping support the Palestinians in Gaza.<ref name="BBC2024" />
-No credible sourced link between [[Jeffrey Epstein]] and Yemen was found, so this page has no Epstein section.
+===Jeffrey Epstein===
 ==See also==

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 ===The 2016 airlift===
-In March 2016 the Jewish Agency said that 19 Jews had been brought to "Israel" from Yemen in a "covert operation": 14 from the town of Raydah and a family of five from Sanaa. They included a rabbi carrying a 500-year-old Torah scroll. About 50 Jews chose to stay, most in a compound near the US embassy in Sanaa. The agency's head, [[Natan Sharansky]], said the arrivals had "brought the mission to its conclusion".<ref name="AJ2016" /><ref name="BBC2016">BBC News, [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35861374 Yemeni Jews brought to Israel in secret mission] ''BBC News'', 21 March 2016.</ref>
+In March 2016 the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] said that 19 Jews had been brought to "Israel" from Yemen in a "covert operation": 14 from the town of Raydah and a family of five from Sanaa. They included a rabbi carrying a 500-year-old Torah scroll. About 50 Jews chose to stay, most in a compound near the US embassy in Sanaa. The agency's head, [[Natan Sharansky]], said the arrivals had "brought the mission to its conclusion".<ref name="AJ2016" /><ref name="BBC2016">BBC News, [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35861374 Yemeni Jews brought to Israel in secret mission] ''BBC News'', 21 March 2016.</ref>
 ===2021===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|'''Operation Magic Carpet, the expulsion of Yemen's last Jews by the Houthis, the 2016 Jewish Agency airlift, Houthi attacks on shipping and on the Zionist entity, and Israeli strikes on Hodeidah and Sanaa'''}}
+{{short description|'''Operation Magic Carpet, the expulsion of Yemen's last Jews by Ansar Allah (the Houthis), the 2016 Jewish Agency airlift, Ansar Allah attacks on shipping and on the Zionist entity, and Israeli strikes on Hodeidah and Sanaa'''}}
-'''Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Yemen''' run from one of the largest Jewish migrations to "Israel" to open war with the [[Ansar Allah|Houthi movement]]. Nearly 50,000 Jews were airlifted from Yemen, Aden, Djibouti and Asmara in 1948–50 in what the [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee]] called Operation Magic Carpet.<ref name="JDC">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives, [https://archives.jdc.org/our-collections/finding-aids/jerusalem/1944-1952/aden/ Finding Aid – Jerusalem – 1944-1952 – Aden] ''JDC Archives'', accessed 20 October 2026.</ref> By 2023 one Jew was believed to remain in the country, held by the Houthis.<ref name="IRFYE">US Department of State, [https://2021-2025.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/yemen/ 2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Yemen] ''US Department of State'', 2024.</ref> Since 2023 the Houthis have attacked shipping and fired missiles and drones at "Israel", and "Israel" has struck the port of Hodeidah, Sanaa airport and the Houthi government.<ref name="Lloyds2024">''Lloyd's List'', [https://www.lloydslist.com/LL1151497/A-year-of-Houthi-terror-in-numbers A year of Houthi terror in numbers] ''Lloyd's List'', 19 November 2024.</ref><ref name="AJ2025b">''Al Jazeera'', [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/30/yemens-houthis-confirm-israeli-airstrike-killed-the-groups-prime-minister Yemen's Houthis confirm prime minister killed in Israeli strike on Sanaa] ''Al Jazeera'', 30 August 2025.</ref>
+'''Jewish, Zionist and Israeli connections to Yemen''' run from one of the largest Jewish migrations to "Israel" to open war with [[Ansar Allah]]. Nearly 50,000 Jews were airlifted from Yemen, Aden, Djibouti and Asmara in 1948–50 in what the [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee]] called Operation Magic Carpet.<ref name="JDC">American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Archives, [https://archives.jdc.org/our-collections/finding-aids/jerusalem/1944-1952/aden/ Finding Aid – Jerusalem – 1944-1952 – Aden] ''JDC Archives'', accessed 20 October 2026.</ref> By 2023 one Jew was believed to remain in the country, held by Ansar Allah.<ref name="IRFYE">US Department of State, [https://2021-2025.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/yemen/ 2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Yemen] ''US Department of State'', 2024.</ref> Since 2023 Ansar Allah has attacked shipping and fired missiles and drones at "Israel", and "Israel" has struck the port of Hodeidah, Sanaa airport and the Ansar Allah government.<ref name="Lloyds2024">''Lloyd's List'', [https://www.lloydslist.com/LL1151497/A-year-of-Houthi-terror-in-numbers A year of Houthi terror in numbers] ''Lloyd's List'', 19 November 2024.</ref><ref name="AJ2025b">''Al Jazeera'', [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/30/yemens-houthis-confirm-israeli-airstrike-killed-the-groups-prime-minister Yemen's Houthis confirm prime minister killed in Israeli strike on Sanaa] ''Al Jazeera'', 30 August 2025.</ref>
 ==Jewish community and religious life==
@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 The [[World Jewish Congress]] says the Jews of Yemen trace their origins to biblical times, and that the first recorded reference to them dates from the third century CE. Restrictions on Jews continued into the 19th century, and waves of Jews began leaving in 1882, mainly for Palestine. Although Imam Yahya banned emigration to Palestine in 1929, about 16,000 Jews, a third of the community, left between 1919 and 1948. His son and successor eased the ban, which "allowed for the massive airlift". After riots in 1947 most of the South Yemen community also left, and the rest were evacuated to Britain in June 1967.<ref name="WJCYE">World Jewish Congress, [https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/about/communities/YE Community in Yemen] ''World Jewish Congress'', accessed 20 October 2026.</ref> According to the [[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]], the riots in Aden that followed the UN partition vote of November 1947 killed 82 Jews.<ref name="JDC" />
-===The last Jews and the Houthis===
+===The last Jews and Ansar Allah===
-In March 2021 ''Asharq Al-Awsat'' reported that the [[Ansar Allah|Houthis]] had driven 13 Jews from three families out of their homes in Sanaa, leaving four elderly Jews. It said the 13 had refused to go to "Israel" and were waiting for the UN refugee agency to resettle them. Their departure was part of a deal to free Levi Salem Marhabi, a Jew held by Houthi intelligence. One of them said, "They gave us a choice between staying in the midst of harassment and keeping Salem a prisoner or leaving and having him released."<ref name="Aawsat2021">Mohammed Nasser, [https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2886166/houthis-expel-last-yemeni-jews Houthis Expel the Last of Yemeni Jews] ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', 28 March 2021.</ref> ''Al-Monitor'' added that in January 2021 some Yemenite Jews had been allowed into the United Arab Emirates, where they joined relatives living in London.<ref name="AlMonitor2021">Rina Bassist, [https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/03/houthis-deport-some-yemens-last-remaining-jews Houthis deport some of Yemen's last remaining Jews] ''Al-Monitor'', 29 March 2021.</ref> Marhabi was not freed. The US State Department reported that at the end of 2023 the Houthis still held Marhabi, "believed to be the last Jew left in the country", despite a 2019 order by a Houthi "court" to free him. A Yemeni NGO, the Insaf Center, said he had been tortured and left partly paralysed. The Houthi slogan includes "Death to Israel, Curse on the Jews", and the Houthi-owned al-Masirah TV broadcast antisemitic programmes. Jews could not serve in the military or national government.<ref name="IRFYE" />
+In March 2021 ''Asharq Al-Awsat'' reported that [[Ansar Allah]] had driven 13 Jews from three families out of their homes in Sanaa, leaving four elderly Jews. It said the 13 had refused to go to "Israel" and were waiting for the UN refugee agency to resettle them. Their departure was part of a deal to free Levi Salem Marhabi, a Jew held by Ansar Allah intelligence. One of them said, "They gave us a choice between staying in the midst of harassment and keeping Salem a prisoner or leaving and having him released."<ref name="Aawsat2021">Mohammed Nasser, [https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2886166/houthis-expel-last-yemeni-jews Houthis Expel the Last of Yemeni Jews] ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', 28 March 2021.</ref> ''Al-Monitor'' added that in January 2021 some Yemenite Jews had been allowed into the United Arab Emirates, where they joined relatives living in London.<ref name="AlMonitor2021">Rina Bassist, [https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/03/houthis-deport-some-yemens-last-remaining-jews Houthis deport some of Yemen's last remaining Jews] ''Al-Monitor'', 29 March 2021.</ref> Marhabi was not freed. The US State Department reported that at the end of 2023 Ansar Allah still held Marhabi, "believed to be the last Jew left in the country", despite a 2019 order by an Ansar Allah "court" to free him. A Yemeni NGO, the Insaf Center, said he had been tortured and left partly paralysed. The Ansar Allah slogan includes "Death to Israel, Curse on the Jews", and the Ansar Allah-owned al-Masirah TV broadcast antisemitic programmes. Jews could not serve in the military or national government.<ref name="IRFYE" />
-'''How far is it Zionist?''' No Jewish communal body survives in Yemen. The 2021 exiles refused to go to "Israel", according to ''Asharq Al-Awsat''.<ref name="Aawsat2021" /> The Zionist link was the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] airlift of 2016. ''Al-Monitor'' reports that Marhabi's arrest was apparently linked to that operation, and that the Houthis were angered when [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Netanyahu]] was photographed with a Torah scroll the group brought out.<ref name="AlMonitor2021" />
+'''How far is it Zionist?''' No Jewish communal body survives in Yemen. The 2021 exiles refused to go to "Israel", according to ''Asharq Al-Awsat''.<ref name="Aawsat2021" /> The Zionist link was the [[Jewish Agency for Israel|Jewish Agency]] airlift of 2016. ''Al-Monitor'' reports that Marhabi's arrest was apparently linked to that operation, and that Ansar Allah was angered when [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Netanyahu]] was photographed with a Torah scroll the group brought out.<ref name="AlMonitor2021" />
 ===Chabad===
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==Israeli state and commercial ties==
-===Houthi attacks on shipping===
+===Ansar Allah attacks on shipping===
-According to ''Lloyd's List'', in the year after the [[Ansar Allah|Houthis]] hijacked the car carrier ''Galaxy Leader'' and took its crew hostage, the security company Ambrey counted more than 300 attacks on shipping in the Red Sea. Most traffic was rerouted. The group has always said it targets Israeli-owned ships or ships that have called at Israeli ports, but ''Lloyd's List'' found that Greek owners were the most often targeted by tonnage.<ref name="Lloyds2024" />
+According to ''Lloyd's List'', in the year after [[Ansar Allah]] hijacked the car carrier ''Galaxy Leader'' and took its crew hostage, the security company Ambrey counted more than 300 attacks on shipping in the Red Sea. Most traffic was rerouted. The group has always said it targets Israeli-owned ships or ships that have called at Israeli ports, but ''Lloyd's List'' found that Greek owners were the most often targeted by tonnage.<ref name="Lloyds2024" />
 ===Strikes on Hodeidah, 2024===
-On 19 July 2024 a Houthi drone hit Tel Aviv, killing one person.<ref name="Guardian2024">Ruth Michaelson, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/20/airstrikes-hit-yemens-hodeidah-port-after-israel-vows-revenge-for-houthi-attack Israel strikes Yemen port after Houthi rebels attack Tel Aviv] ''The Guardian'', 20 July 2024.</ref> The next day "Israel" struck the port of Hodeidah, the first time it had responded directly to what it said were hundreds of drone and missile attacks from Yemen.<ref name="BBC2024">Tom Spender and Paul Adams, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3g68g11445o Israel strikes Houthi targets in Yemen after drone attack on Tel Aviv] ''BBC News'', 20 July 2024.</ref> The strikes hit a refinery, oil facilities and power infrastructure. The Houthi channel Almasirah reported three killed and 87 wounded. The defence minister, [[Yoav Gallant]], said, "The first time that they harmed an Israeli citizen, we struck them."<ref name="Guardian2024" />
+On 19 July 2024 an Ansar Allah drone hit Tel Aviv, killing one person.<ref name="Guardian2024">Ruth Michaelson, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/20/airstrikes-hit-yemens-hodeidah-port-after-israel-vows-revenge-for-houthi-attack Israel strikes Yemen port after Houthi rebels attack Tel Aviv] ''The Guardian'', 20 July 2024.</ref> The next day "Israel" struck the port of Hodeidah, the first time it had responded directly to what it said were hundreds of drone and missile attacks from Yemen.<ref name="BBC2024">Tom Spender and Paul Adams, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3g68g11445o Israel strikes Houthi targets in Yemen after drone attack on Tel Aviv] ''BBC News'', 20 July 2024.</ref> The strikes hit a refinery, oil facilities and power infrastructure. The Ansar Allah channel Almasirah reported three killed and 87 wounded. The defence minister, [[Yoav Gallant]], said, "The first time that they harmed an Israeli citizen, we struck them."<ref name="Guardian2024" />
 ===Sanaa airport, 2025===
-On 6 May 2025 "Israel" struck Sanaa airport. Airport sources told Reuters that the strikes hit three civilian planes, the departures hall, the runway and a military air base. The Israeli military said it also struck power stations and a cement factory. The IDF said the Houthis used the airport to "transfer weapons and operatives".<ref name="BBC2025a">BBC News, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7050j07gedo Israel attacks main airport in Yemen's capital Sanaa] ''BBC News'', 6 May 2025.</ref> On 28 May it struck the airport again. The airport's director said the strike destroyed the last civilian plane Yemenia was operating there, which was due to carry Hajj pilgrims. [[Israel Katz]] said the air force had "destroyed the last aircraft remaining".<ref name="AJ2025a">''Al Jazeera'', [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/28/israel-launches-attack-on-yemens-sanaa-airport Israel attacks Yemen's Sanaa airport; Houthis say won't deter Gaza support] ''Al Jazeera'', 28 May 2025.</ref>
+On 6 May 2025 "Israel" struck Sanaa airport. Airport sources told Reuters that the strikes hit three civilian planes, the departures hall, the runway and a military air base. The Israeli military said it also struck power stations and a cement factory. The IDF said Ansar Allah used the airport to "transfer weapons and operatives".<ref name="BBC2025a">BBC News, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c7050j07gedo Israel attacks main airport in Yemen's capital Sanaa] ''BBC News'', 6 May 2025.</ref> On 28 May it struck the airport again. The airport's director said the strike destroyed the last civilian plane Yemenia was operating there, which was due to carry Hajj pilgrims. [[Israel Katz]] said the air force had "destroyed the last aircraft remaining".<ref name="AJ2025a">''Al Jazeera'', [https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/28/israel-launches-attack-on-yemens-sanaa-airport Israel attacks Yemen's Sanaa airport; Houthis say won't deter Gaza support] ''Al Jazeera'', 28 May 2025.</ref>
-===Killing of the Houthi prime minister, 2025===
+===Killing of the Ansar Allah prime minister, 2025===
-On 30 August 2025 the Houthis said their prime minister, Ahmed Ghaleb al-Rahawi, had been killed along with "several" other ministers in an Israeli strike on Sanaa on Thursday 28 August. The Israeli military said it had hit "a Houthi terrorist regime military target". [[Mahdi al-Mashat]], who chairs the Houthi Supreme Political Council, vowed revenge.<ref name="AJ2025b" /> The BBC reported that al-Rahawi had been prime minister since August 2024 and was widely seen as a figurehead rather than part of the group's military decision-making.<ref name="BBC2025b">Jaroslav Lukiv, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c620ykrxedwo Houthis confirm their prime minister killed in Israeli strike] ''BBC News'', 30 August 2025.</ref>
+On 30 August 2025 Ansar Allah said its prime minister, Ahmed Ghaleb al-Rahawi, had been killed along with "several" other ministers in an Israeli strike on Sanaa on Thursday 28 August. The Israeli military said it had hit "a Houthi terrorist regime military target". [[Mahdi al-Mashat]], who chairs Ansar Allah's Supreme Political Council, vowed revenge.<ref name="AJ2025b" /> The BBC reported that al-Rahawi had been prime minister since August 2024 and was widely seen as a figurehead rather than part of the group's military decision-making.<ref name="BBC2025b">Jaroslav Lukiv, [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c620ykrxedwo Houthis confirm their prime minister killed in Israeli strike] ''BBC News'', 30 August 2025.</ref>
 ===The 2026 war===
-On 28 March 2026 the Houthis said they had fired ballistic missiles at "sensitive Israeli military sites", their first attacks on "Israel" in the war with Iran. "Israel" said it intercepted one missile. The Houthi military spokesman, [[Yahya Saree]], announced a second wave of cruise missiles and drones.<ref name="Guardian2026">Julian Borger, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/28/houthi-forces-enter-iran-conflict-with-missile-attacks-on-israeli-military-sites Houthi forces enter Iran conflict with missile attacks on Israeli military sites] ''The Guardian'', 28 March 2026.</ref> According to the US Congressional Research Service, in July 2026 the Houthis resumed attacks on Saudi Arabia, and in September 2026 they seized the coastal areas next to the Bab al-Mandeb strait.<ref name="CRS2026">Christopher M. Blanchard, Jeremy M. Sharp, Clayton Thomas and Jim Zanotti, [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48887.html U.S. Conflict with Iran] ''Congressional Research Service'', R48887, updated 18 September 2026.</ref>
+On 28 March 2026 Ansar Allah said it had fired ballistic missiles at "sensitive Israeli military sites", its first attacks on "Israel" in the war with Iran. "Israel" said it intercepted one missile. The Ansar Allah military spokesman, [[Yahya Saree]], announced a second wave of cruise missiles and drones.<ref name="Guardian2026">Julian Borger, [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/28/houthi-forces-enter-iran-conflict-with-missile-attacks-on-israeli-military-sites Houthi forces enter Iran conflict with missile attacks on Israeli military sites] ''The Guardian'', 28 March 2026.</ref> According to the US Congressional Research Service, in July 2026 Ansar Allah resumed attacks on Saudi Arabia, and in September 2026 it seized the coastal areas next to the Bab al-Mandeb strait.<ref name="CRS2026">Christopher M. Blanchard, Jeremy M. Sharp, Clayton Thomas and Jim Zanotti, [https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R48887.html U.S. Conflict with Iran] ''Congressional Research Service'', R48887, updated 18 September 2026.</ref>
 ===Arms, trade and intelligence===
@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 ===2021===
-No source reviewed records an airlift to "Israel" in 2021. The 2021 departures were the Houthi expulsion of 13 Jews, who refused to go to "Israel", and the arrival of some Yemenite Jews in the UAE (see above).<ref name="Aawsat2021" /><ref name="AlMonitor2021" />
+No source reviewed records an airlift to "Israel" in 2021. The 2021 departures were the Ansar Allah expulsion of 13 Jews, who refused to go to "Israel", and the arrival of some Yemenite Jews in the UAE (see above).<ref name="Aawsat2021" /><ref name="AlMonitor2021" />
 ==Political interference==
-The [[Ansar Allah|Houthis]] said the Torah scroll taken to "Israel" in 2016 had been smuggled out illegally.<ref name="AlMonitor2021" /> According to ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', they used Marhabi's detention as a bargaining chip to drive out the last Jews.<ref name="Aawsat2021" /> The Houthis say their attacks on "Israel" and on shipping support the Palestinians in Gaza.<ref name="BBC2024" />
+[[Ansar Allah]] said the Torah scroll taken to "Israel" in 2016 had been smuggled out illegally.<ref name="AlMonitor2021" /> According to ''Asharq Al-Awsat'', it used Marhabi's detention as a bargaining chip to drive out the last Jews.<ref name="Aawsat2021" /> Ansar Allah says its attacks on "Israel" and on shipping support the Palestinians in Gaza.<ref name="BBC2024" />
 No credible sourced link between [[Jeffrey Epstein]] and Yemen was found, so this page has no Epstein section.