Glevum Associates - Revision history

Melissa Jones: heading

2011-09-15T13:54:39Z

heading

Melissa Jones: tweaks/typos/punctuation etc

2011-09-15T13:54:13Z

tweaks/typos/punctuation etc

David at 11:57, 14 September 2011

2011-09-14T11:57:56Z

David: moved Globalisation:Glevum Associates to Glevum Associates

2011-09-14T11:57:18Z

moved Globalisation:Glevum Associates to Glevum Associates

Alan Mccormack: /* Links to the US Military */

2010-11-18T07:59:20Z

Links to the US Military

Alan Mccormack: /* Description of Glevum's Work */

2010-11-18T07:50:28Z

Description of Glevum's Work

Alan Mccormack: /* Links to the US Military */

2010-11-18T07:44:10Z

Links to the US Military

Alan Mccormack: /* Description of Glevum's Work */

2010-11-18T07:42:58Z

Description of Glevum's Work

Chris Fox: /* Links to the US Military */

2010-11-17T20:02:10Z

Links to the US Military

Chris Fox: /* Links to the US Military */ just testing a reference again

2010-11-17T19:55:35Z

Links to the US Military: just testing a reference again

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 15 September 2011
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−	==~~Description of Glevum's Work~~==	+	==Activities==

	Glevum Associates is a subcontractor of the [[Human Terrain System]] used by the U.S army among others. Glevum conducts market research for their clients in war zones or post-war zones where first hand information may otherwise be hard to obtain. They claim to provide invaluable, local, knowledge of these conflict areas. They do this by employing people familiar with the local area within these regions; these researchers then provide an in-depth analysis of that population. The results of this research are then fed back to Glevum’s research analysts, who are then are able to compile reports giving in-depth information on whatever area of interest was required by the client.		Glevum Associates is a subcontractor of the [[Human Terrain System]] used by the U.S army among others. Glevum conducts market research for their clients in war zones or post-war zones where first hand information may otherwise be hard to obtain. They claim to provide invaluable, local, knowledge of these conflict areas. They do this by employing people familiar with the local area within these regions; these researchers then provide an in-depth analysis of that population. The results of this research are then fed back to Glevum’s research analysts, who are then are able to compile reports giving in-depth information on whatever area of interest was required by the client.

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-[[Glevum USA]] is an American based "market research" company. <ref>"[http://www.glevumusa.com/why.html Glevum Associates - Why Glevum,]", accessed 05 October 2010</ref>
+'''Glevum USA''' is an American based "market research" company. <ref>"[http://www.glevumusa.com/why.html Glevum Associates - Why Glevum,]", accessed 05 October 2010</ref>
 ==Description of Glevum's Work==
-Glevum Associates is a subcontractor of the [[Human Terrain System]] used by the U.S army among others. Glevum Associates conducts market research for their client in areas such as warzones or post war zones where first hand information may otherwise be hard to obtain. They claim to be able to provide invaluable, local, knowledge of these conflict areas. They do this by employing people who are familiar with the local area within these regions, these researchers then provide an in-depth analysis of that population. The results of this research are then fed back to Glevum’s research analysts, who are then are able to compile reports giving in-depth information on whatever area of interest was required by the client.
+Glevum Associates is a subcontractor of the [[Human Terrain System]] used by the U.S army among others. Glevum conducts market research for their clients in war zones or post-war zones where first hand information may otherwise be hard to obtain. They claim to provide invaluable, local, knowledge of these conflict areas. They do this by employing people familiar with the local area within these regions; these researchers then provide an in-depth analysis of that population. The results of this research are then fed back to Glevum’s research analysts, who are then are able to compile reports giving in-depth information on whatever area of interest was required by the client.
-To date, they have carried out research in Iraq and Afghanistan, carrying out detailed processes which they have trademarked such as Face-to-Face Research Analysis (F2RAtm). Interviews are conducted with local populations to assess both how the people themselves feel about their situation and what can be done to improve circumstances. This is achieved by ‘interviews, focus groups, observations, media monitoring and polls’*.   The information once complied and analysed is then passed on to their clients so they might better understand the ‘motivations’ of the populace in the requested area.<ref>"[http://www.glevumusa.com/why.html Glevum Associates - What We Do]", accessed 05 November 2010.</ref> Glevum’s rational and justification for the research they conduct in Afghanistan and how they do it is that ‘One cannot learn how to navigate the human terrain in Afghanistan from the internet’.<ref>[http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/2010/07/understanding-the-human-terrai/ Andrew Garfield. Understanding the Human Terrain: Key to Success in Afghanistan: July 16th 2010,]", [http://smallwarsjournal.com/ Small Wars Journal], accessed 01 November 2010</ref>
+They have carried out research in Iraq and Afghanistan, through detailed processes which they have trademarked such as Face-to-Face Research Analysis (F2RAtm). Interviews are conducted with local populations to assess both how the people feel about their situation and what can be done to improve circumstances. This is achieved by ‘interviews, focus groups, observations, media monitoring and polls’*.  The information once complied and analysed is then passed on to their clients so they might better understand the ‘motivations’ of the populace in the requested area.<ref>"[http://www.glevumusa.com/why.html Glevum Associates - What We Do]", accessed 05 November 2010.</ref> Glevum’s rationale and justification for the research they conduct in Afghanistan and how they do it is that ‘One cannot learn how to navigate the human terrain in Afghanistan from the internet’.<ref>[http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/2010/07/understanding-the-human-terrai/ Andrew Garfield. Understanding the Human Terrain: Key to Success in Afghanistan: July 16th 2010,]", [http://smallwarsjournal.com/ Small Wars Journal], accessed 01 November 2010</ref>
-Andrew Garfield believes that without social science research, the war in Afghanistan cannot be won. What Glevum Associates does is to provide a human link between army, government and Afghan people. This unique relationship allows for discussions and deeper understanding of the main issues of the region. There is much apparent diversity between the regions in Afghanistan; some of the differences include the varying regional views on the Taliban. In one report which Glevum produced, it was shown that in certain areas of 1,900 Afghans interviewed ‘97% expressed support for the reconciliation with the Taliban’* Also in this article it was highlighted that there was real fear of corruption within the government.<ref>[http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com/2010/07/afghanistan-transition-to-ana-must.html Colonel Jeff Haynes. Afghanistan: Transition to ANA Must Start Now: July 27th 2010,]", [http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com The Military Observer], accessed 29 October 2010.</ref>
+[[Andrew Garfield]] believes that without social science research, the war in Afghanistan cannot be won. What Glevum Associates does is to provide a human link between army, government and Afghan people. This unique relationship allows for discussions and deeper understanding of the main issues of the region. There is much apparent diversity between the regions in Afghanistan; some of the differences include the varying regional views on the Taliban. In one report which Glevum produced, it was shown that in certain areas of 1900 Afghans interviewed ‘97 per cent expressed support for the reconciliation with the Taliban’.* This article also highlighted that there was real fear of corruption within the government.<ref>[http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com/2010/07/afghanistan-transition-to-ana-must.html Colonel Jeff Haynes. Afghanistan: Transition to ANA Must Start Now: July 27th 2010,]", [http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com The Military Observer], accessed 29 October 2010.</ref>
-This is a prime example of the benefits to both the army and government of having social research done in such a diverse area as these types of results would most likely not have been volunteered. Research conducted by Glevum on voting patterns provides basic indictors on the factors which will influence people’s behaviour. It is visible in their published report that it is of clear concern to the Government and Army, who will be keen to know what contributing factors will influence voting patterns and also who their voters are, and what issues they find important.  There is a copy of Glevum's Afghan Election Survey [http://glevumassociates.com/doc/AfghanistanElectionSurveyDosVersion5.pdf which can be found here].
+This is a prime example of the benefits to both the army and government of having social research done in such a diverse area, as these types of results would most likely not have been volunteered. Research conducted by Glevum on voting patterns provides basic indicators on the factors which will influence people’s behaviour. It is visible in their published report that it is of clear concern to the Government and Army, who will be keen to know what contributing factors will influence voting patterns and also who their voters are, and what issues they find important. A copy of Glevum's Afghan Election Survey [http://glevumassociates.com/doc/AfghanistanElectionSurveyDosVersion5.pdf which can be found here].
 It is important to remember that for Glevum, in order for peace to be restored in Afghanistan compromise, support and an in-depth understanding of social structures, religious beliefs, morals and values must be understood. This is why organisations such as this are valued by governments as vehicles to acquire this knowledge.
-This view is clearly supported in an article by Jeff Haynes who is the vice president of business development for Glevum, he emphasises the importance of community development councils. These councils are run by members who have been voted in from the communities themselves. This enables them to prioritise local areas of need as they know first hand what services and changes are required. They also address the concerns of corruption within the government as Haynes puts it ‘a sense of community ownership inhibits corruption and maintains accountability’.<ref>[http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com/2010/07/afghanistan-transition-to-ana-must.html Colonel Jeff Haynes. Afghanistan: Transition to ANA Must Start Now: July 27th 2010,]", [http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com The Military Observer], accessed 29 October 2010.</ref>
+This view is clearly supported in an article by [[Jeff Haynes]], vice president of business development for Glevum, who emphasises the importance of community development councils. These councils are run by members who have been voted in from the communities. This enables them to prioritise local areas of need as they know first hand what services and changes are required. They also address the concerns of corruption within the government as Haynes puts it ‘a sense of community ownership inhibits corruption and maintains accountability’.<ref>[http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com/2010/07/afghanistan-transition-to-ana-must.html Colonel Jeff Haynes. Afghanistan: Transition to ANA Must Start Now: July 27th 2010,]", [http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com The Military Observer], accessed 29 October 2010.</ref>
 A further example of the type of information which these surveys uncover can be seen in an article featured in the New York Times. Glevum was attributed to providing information on the growing feeling of unrest in Kandahar in Afghanistan, It documented the feelings of a lessening sense of security in the area, which before the invasion was held to be ‘the birth place and the power centre of the Taliban’ the results helped U.S officials to begin to understand the ties between the different communities and the Taliban which may require some sort of conference with them as a means of a peaceful resolution to minimise the levels of conflict with Kandahar. It is this qualitative research which Glevum claims gives the military a unique relationship with the communities. However the situation continues to be volatile and has resulted in the killing of the deputy major Azizullah Yarmal during prayer in April this year. Although the information has given guidance to the military who according to this article will now encourage forums between residents, military and elders to propose alternatives to the Taliban It calls into question whether this system is effective in practice.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/21/world/asia/21afghan.html?_r=3&sq=glevum%20associates&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=1&adxnnlx=1287918230-nDQYQ4tBvFVcguA6zZWH2g Richard A, Oppel. A Killing Further Erodes Afghan Faith in Leaders. April 21st 2010,]", [http://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times], accessed 2nd November 2010</ref>
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 ==Links to the US Military==
-Glevum is a military contractor first and foremost, despite their public focus on social science research; their actual practices, results and motives have been discredited by social scientists, in particular by anthropologists.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2010/07/22/andrew-garfields-commercial-plea-for-war-research-and-the-reality-of-ethics-in-human-terrain-teams/ Andrew Garfield’s Commercial Plea for War Research, and the Reality of Ethics in Human Terrain Teams,]", [http://zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Antrhopology], accessed 02 November 2010</ref> There is some evidence to suggest Glevum may not be as independent as it suggests, based on its personnel, clients, and its ties to Glevum's former self, [[Lincoln Group|The Lincoln Group]].
+Glevum is a military contractor first and foremost, despite their public focus on social science research; their actual practices, results and motives have been discredited by social scientists, in particular by anthropologists.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2010/07/22/andrew-garfields-commercial-plea-for-war-research-and-the-reality-of-ethics-in-human-terrain-teams/ Andrew Garfield’s Commercial Plea for War Research, and the Reality of Ethics in Human Terrain Teams,]", [http://zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Anthropology], accessed 02 November 2010</ref> There is some evidence to suggest Glevum may not be as independent as it suggests, based on its personnel, clients, and its ties to Glevum's former self, [[Lincoln Group|The Lincoln Group]].
 Vice President and owner [[Globalisation:Andrew Garfield- Glevum|Andrew Garfield]] has held senior roles in British military and then as a civilian intelligence officer. He is a visiting lecturer at military academies and universities on PSYOPS (psychological warfare) throughout Europe, and has also been involved in the training of senior US Army and Marine Commanders and their staffs on psychological warfare and ethnographic intelligence gathering. <ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/09/17/public-propaganda-the-human-terrain-system-and-staged-democracy-in-afghanistan Public Propaganda, The Human Terrain System, and Staged Democracy in Afghanistan]”, [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Anthropology], accessed 26 October 2010</ref>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Gillian Opray
+[[Glevum USA]] is an American based "market research" company. <ref>"[http://www.glevumusa.com/why.html Glevum Associates - Why Glevum,]", accessed 05 October 2010</ref>
 ==Description of Glevum's Work==
-Glevum Associates is a subcontractor of the [[Globalisation:Human Terrain System|Human Terrain System]] used by the U.S army among others. Glevum Associates conducts market research for their client in areas such as warzones or post war zones where first hand information may otherwise be hard to obtain. They claim to be able to provide invaluable, local, knowledge of these conflict areas. They do this by employing people who are familiar with the local area within these regions, these researchers then provide an in-depth analysis of that population. The results of this research are then fed back to Glevum’s research analysts, who are then are able to compile reports giving in-depth information on whatever area of interest was required by the client.
+Glevum Associates is a subcontractor of the [[Human Terrain System]] used by the U.S army among others. Glevum Associates conducts market research for their client in areas such as warzones or post war zones where first hand information may otherwise be hard to obtain. They claim to be able to provide invaluable, local, knowledge of these conflict areas. They do this by employing people who are familiar with the local area within these regions, these researchers then provide an in-depth analysis of that population. The results of this research are then fed back to Glevum’s research analysts, who are then are able to compile reports giving in-depth information on whatever area of interest was required by the client.
 To date, they have carried out research in Iraq and Afghanistan, carrying out detailed processes which they have trademarked such as Face-to-Face Research Analysis (F2RAtm). Interviews are conducted with local populations to assess both how the people themselves feel about their situation and what can be done to improve circumstances. This is achieved by ‘interviews, focus groups, observations, media monitoring and polls’*.   The information once complied and analysed is then passed on to their clients so they might better understand the ‘motivations’ of the populace in the requested area.<ref>"[http://www.glevumusa.com/why.html Glevum Associates - What We Do]", accessed 05 November 2010.</ref> Glevum’s rational and justification for the research they conduct in Afghanistan and how they do it is that ‘One cannot learn how to navigate the human terrain in Afghanistan from the internet’.<ref>[http://smallwarsjournal.com/blog/2010/07/understanding-the-human-terrai/ Andrew Garfield. Understanding the Human Terrain: Key to Success in Afghanistan: July 16th 2010,]", [http://smallwarsjournal.com/ Small Wars Journal], accessed 01 November 2010</ref>

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 ==Links to the US Military==
-Glevum is a military contractor first and foremost, despite their public focus on social science research; their actual practices, results and motives have been discredited by social scientists, in particular by anthropologists.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2010/07/22/andrew-garfields-commercial-plea-for-war-research-and-the-reality-of-ethics-in-human-terrain-teams/ Andrew Garfield’s Commercial Plea for War Research, and the Reality of Ethics in Human Terrain Teams,]", [http://zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Antrhopology], accessed 02 November 2010</ref> There is some evidence to suggest Glevum may not be as independent as it suggests, based on it's personnel, clients, and it's ties to Glevum's former self, [[Lincoln Group|The Lincoln Group]].
+Glevum is a military contractor first and foremost, despite their public focus on social science research; their actual practices, results and motives have been discredited by social scientists, in particular by anthropologists.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2010/07/22/andrew-garfields-commercial-plea-for-war-research-and-the-reality-of-ethics-in-human-terrain-teams/ Andrew Garfield’s Commercial Plea for War Research, and the Reality of Ethics in Human Terrain Teams,]", [http://zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Antrhopology], accessed 02 November 2010</ref> There is some evidence to suggest Glevum may not be as independent as it suggests, based on its personnel, clients, and its ties to Glevum's former self, [[Lincoln Group|The Lincoln Group]].
 Vice President and owner [[Globalisation:Andrew Garfield- Glevum|Andrew Garfield]] has held senior roles in British military and then as a civilian intelligence officer. He is a visiting lecturer at military academies and universities on PSYOPS (psychological warfare) throughout Europe, and has also been involved in the training of senior US Army and Marine Commanders and their staffs on psychological warfare and ethnographic intelligence gathering. <ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/09/17/public-propaganda-the-human-terrain-system-and-staged-democracy-in-afghanistan Public Propaganda, The Human Terrain System, and Staged Democracy in Afghanistan]”, [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Anthropology], accessed 26 October 2010</ref>
 Garfield and Senior PR Advisor [[Globalisation:Laurie J. Adler|Laurie J. Adler]] are former employees of the [[Lincoln Group]], where they filled similar roles. Lincoln was uncovered to be paying Iraqi newspapers to publish propaganda and articles written by US troops, edited by Lincoln IOs to downplay any negative American involvement in 2005. At Lincoln, Garfield and Adler worked alongside Andrea Jackson, credited by some for devising the HTS.
-Glevum’s official website makes no mention or association of the pairs involvement with the Lincoln Group or any resultant controversy.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/09/17/public-propaganda-the-human-terrain-system-and-staged-democracy-in-afghanistan Public Propaganda, The Human Terrain System, and Staged Democracy in Afghanistan]”, [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Anthropology], accessed 26 October 2010</ref>
+Glevum’s official website makes no mention or association of the pair's involvement with the Lincoln Group or any resultant controversy.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2009/09/17/public-propaganda-the-human-terrain-system-and-staged-democracy-in-afghanistan Public Propaganda, The Human Terrain System, and Staged Democracy in Afghanistan]”, [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Anthropology], accessed 26 October 2010</ref>
-Garfield and Jackson's former enterprise, The Lincoln Group, has produced millions of dollars worth of projects to aid the work of the MNF-I (US Iraq Forces). Following the end of major combat operations in [[Iraq War 2003|Iraq]] in late 2003, MNF-I turned its attention and resources to building “positive relations” with insurgent and friendly Iraqis, rebuilding infrastructure, and create conditions for economic recovery. At this point, the US DOD also seen PR as a vital tool for combating ground level insurgency, particular the use of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices, eg roadside bombs). The Garfield led Lincoln group was one of 4 initials contractors awarded contracts to shore up the US’s PR campaigns in Iraq, however the work of the Lincoln Group went beyond the reach of standard PR, and made use of PsyOps as a vital component of its Iraq work, one of several aspects which has even come under criticism from PR bodies themselves.<ref>"[http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T10576206064&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T10576206067&cisb=22_T10576206066&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8202&docNo=5/ Military in Iraq seeks PR help. September 2008,]", O'Dwyer's PR Report, accessed 08 November 2010 via [http://www.lexisnexis.com/ Nexis]</ref>
+Garfield and Jackson's former enterprise, The Lincoln Group, has produced millions of dollars worth of projects to aid the work of the MNF-I (US Iraq Forces). Following the end of major combat operations in [[Iraq War 2003|Iraq]] in late 2003, MNF-I turned its attention and resources to building “positive relations” with insurgent and friendly Iraqis, rebuilding infrastructure, and create conditions for economic recovery. At this point, the US DOD is also seen PR as a vital tool for combating ground level insurgency, particularly the use of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices, e.g. roadside bombs). The Garfield led Lincoln group was one of 4 initials contractors awarded contracts to shore up the US’s PR campaigns in Iraq, however the work of the Lincoln Group went beyond the reach of standard PR, and made use of PsyOps as a vital component of its Iraq work, one of several aspects which has even come under criticism from PR bodies themselves.<ref>"[http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/nexis/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb=21_T10576206064&format=GNBFI&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrlKey=29_T10576206067&cisb=22_T10576206066&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi=8202&docNo=5/ Military in Iraq seeks PR help. September 2008,]", O'Dwyer's PR Report, accessed 08 November 2010 via [http://www.lexisnexis.com/ Nexis]</ref>
 In 2005, the Lincoln Group was uncovered to be acting as a [[Front groups|front group]] for the US Military, when the L.A. Times revealed that Lincoln had been paying Iraqi newspapers and radio stations to print/broadcast reports written by US Forces which depicted them in a flattering light. Articles were able to be planted cheaply, with some Iraqi editors reporting they published articles for free, where others reported being paid up to $1,200 per article. The moves were criticised by some senior military officers, who felt that the scandal was hypocritical, given many soldiers were fighting for a more open society with free speech and free media, whereas others felt that the backlash from the expose further endangered the lives of soldiers, and undermined the credibility and work many troops had undertaken up to that point. Despite US law forbidding the use of PsyOps to be used via American media outlets in military operations, the US Military found a constitutional loophole by contracting Garfield (a PsyOps expert) and the Lincoln Group to directly launch a PR/propaganda campaign carried out by a private contractor -albeit one with significant PsyOps expertise.<ref>"[http://http://articles.latimes.com/2005/nov/30/world/fg-infowar30/ U.S. Military Covertly Pays to Run Stories in Iraq. November 30th, 2005]", [http://www.latimes.com/ The L.A. Times] accessed 08 November 2010.</ref>
-The "privileged" position the Lincoln Group found themselves in in Iraq hints at the high level of involvement between Lincoln and the US Military, which may be attributable to Garfield himself, or another former Lincoln now Glevum member. Glevum obviously has some degree of a close relationship with the US Military. [[Andrea Jackson|Andrea Jackson,]] one of Garfield and Adler's former colleagues at Lincoln has been credited by some for being the architect behind the modern HTS operation in the US Military.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2008/09/25/suspect-media-making-propaganda-for-the-human-terrain-system/ Suspect Media: Making Propaganda for the Human Terrain System (2.2)]", [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Anthropology], accessed 08 November 2010</ref> In it's short history, Glevum has also been investigated under US Army regulation AR 15-6; a regulation which investigates the ethics, impartiality and evidence of military fact gathering, research and intelligence information. <ref>"[http://www.wood.army.mil/sja/adlaw/army_regulation_15.htm#PURPOSE Army Regulation 15-6: Investigation Guide for Informal Investigations]", accessed 08 November 2010.</ref> While an investigation was started, it was apparently never completed, a source citing that ''"...Glevum [sic] has friends in high places."'' <ref>"[http://www.antifascistencyclopedia.com/allposts/defense-contractors-from-hell-sequel-to-human-terrain-system/ Defense Contractors from Hell – Sequel to Human Terrain System?]", [http://www.antifacistencyclopedia.com/ Anti-Facist Encyclopedia], accessed 08 November 2010</ref> Despite Glevum's relationship to the US Military, it has been argued that Glevum and Garfield in particular are not so much as interested in US foreign policy or ideological interests as much as they are with simply making money, with Garfield seemingly willing to distance himself from his PsyOps involvement and HTS background when it threatens a business opportunity, only to subsequently reverse his position when the opportunity calls for it. He has also been keen to point out the supposed financial benefits of an active HTS operation within a given combat zone, the implication that social science research will save lives and ultimately money for the Army, which will in turn, free up more funds to be dispensed to HTS contractors such as Glevum.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2010/07/22/andrew-garfields-commercial-plea-for-war-research-and-the-reality-of-ethics-in-human-terrain-teams/ Zero Antrhopology - Andrew Garfield’s Commercial Plea for War Research, and the Reality of Ethics in Human Terrain Teams]", [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Antrhopology], accessed 08 November 2010</ref>
+The "privileged" position the Lincoln Group found themselves in Iraq hints at the high level of involvement between Lincoln and the US Military, which may be attributable to Garfield himself, or another former Lincoln now Glevum member. Glevum obviously has some degree of a close relationship with the US Military. [[Andrea Jackson|Andrea Jackson,]] one of Garfield and Adler's former colleagues at Lincoln has been credited by some for being the architect behind the modern HTS operation in the US Military.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2008/09/25/suspect-media-making-propaganda-for-the-human-terrain-system/ Suspect Media: Making Propaganda for the Human Terrain System (2.2)]", [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Anthropology], accessed 08 November 2010</ref> In its short history, Glevum has also been investigated under US Army regulation AR 15-6; a regulation which investigates the ethics, impartiality and evidence of military fact gathering, research and intelligence information. <ref>"[http://www.wood.army.mil/sja/adlaw/army_regulation_15.htm#PURPOSE Army Regulation 15-6: Investigation Guide for Informal Investigations]", accessed 08 November 2010.</ref> While an investigation was started, it was apparently never completed, a source citing that ''"...Glevum [sic] has friends in high places."'' <ref>"[http://www.antifascistencyclopedia.com/allposts/defense-contractors-from-hell-sequel-to-human-terrain-system/ Defense Contractors from Hell – Sequel to Human Terrain System?]", [http://www.antifacistencyclopedia.com/ Anti-Facist Encyclopedia], accessed 08 November 2010</ref> Despite Glevum's relationship to the US Military, it has been argued that Glevum and Garfield in particular are not so much as interested in US foreign policy or ideological interests as much as they are with simply making money, with Garfield seemingly willing to distance himself from his PsyOps involvement and HTS background when it threatens a business opportunity, only to subsequently reverse his position when the opportunity calls for it. He has also been keen to point out the supposed financial benefits of an active HTS operation within a given combat zone, the implication that social science research will save lives and ultimately money for the Army, which will in turn, free up more funds to be dispensed to HTS contractors such as Glevum.<ref>"[http://zeroanthropology.net/2010/07/22/andrew-garfields-commercial-plea-for-war-research-and-the-reality-of-ethics-in-human-terrain-teams/ Zero Antrhopology - Andrew Garfield’s Commercial Plea for War Research, and the Reality of Ethics in Human Terrain Teams]", [http://www.zeroanthropology.com/ Zero Antrhopology], accessed 08 November 2010</ref>
-Glevum’s “leadership team” is composed of a group of individuals with various defence related backgrounds. Of those listed on Glevum’s  [http://www.glevumusa.com/team.html leadership team page], only [[Globalisation:Colonel Jeff Haynes, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.)|Jeff Haynes]], a recently retired USMC Colonel is listed as having some sort of official ranked command position within a military institution, where he served as a Colonel during his 24 years in the USMC<ref>[http://www.fpri.org/about/people/haynes.html Jeff Haynes,]", [http://www.fpri.org  Foreign Policy Research Institute], accessed 16th Novemer 2010.</ref> Despite his lack of business experience verbatim,  Col Haynes holds the high position of Vice President of Business Development. His business development  role may account for the large number of government and official military contracts Glevum has procured in it’s short history. The remainder of Glevum’s leadership team is made up of businesspeople, most of whom have worked extensively in private military contracting, military support staff such as Garfield, or communications/PR specialists such as [[Globalisation:Laurie J. Adler|Laurie J. Adler]].
+Glevum’s “leadership team” is composed of a group of individuals with various defence related backgrounds. Of those listed on Glevum’s  [http://www.glevumusa.com/team.html leadership team page], only [[Globalisation:Colonel Jeff Haynes, U.S. Marine Corps (Ret.)|Jeff Haynes]], a recently retired USMC Colonel is listed as having some sort of official ranked command position within a military institution, where he served as a Colonel during his 24 years in the USMC<ref>[http://www.fpri.org/about/people/haynes.html Jeff Haynes,]", [http://www.fpri.org  Foreign Policy Research Institute], accessed 16th Novemer 2010.</ref> Despite his lack of business experience verbatim,  Col Haynes holds the high position of Vice President of Business Development. His business development  role may account for the large number of government and official military contracts Glevum has procured in its short history. The remainder of Glevum’s leadership team is made up of businesspeople, most of whom have worked extensively in private military contracting, military support staff such as Garfield, or communications/PR specialists such as [[Globalisation:Laurie J. Adler|Laurie J. Adler]].
 In July 2009, a Glevum study financed by the US Government, polled Afghanis in the build up to the [[Gloablisation:Afghanistan |Afghanistan]] election of which they forecast a comfortable victory for [[Hamid Karzai]], which may be unsurprising, given the US government's support of Karazai's bid for Afghan President.<ref>"[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/865083 Karzai has big lea in Afghan voter survey. 11th August, 2009]", [http://www.theguardian.co.uk/ The Guardian], accessed 16 November 2010</ref>
-Glevum does not seem to be uncomfortable with any supposed links to the US Military. It's [http://www.glevumusa.com/clients.html listed clients on it's website] lists 28 known clients, 26 of which are either fellow clients of the US Military, the US Government themselves, US Department of Defence led multinational operations, or the US Military, which makes up the majority of Glevum's clientele. Glevum's small body of work outside of its US Military links is solely in Australia.
+Glevum does not seem to be uncomfortable with any supposed links to the US Military. Its [http://www.glevumusa.com/clients.html listed clients on it's website] lists 28 known clients, 26 of which are either fellow clients of the US Military, the US Government themselves, US Department of Defence led multinational operations, or the US Military, which makes up the majority of Glevum's clientele. Glevum's small body of work outside of its US Military links is solely in Australia.
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 It is important to remember that for Glevum, in order for peace to be restored in Afghanistan compromise, support and an in-depth understanding of social structures, religious beliefs, morals and values must be understood. This is why organisations such as this are valued by governments as vehicles to acquire this knowledge.
-This view is clearly supported in an article by Jeff Haynes who is the vice president of business development for Glevum, he emphasises the importance of community development councils. These councils are run by members who have been voted in from the communities themselves. This enables them to prioritise local areas of need as they know first hand what services and changes are required. They also address the concerns of corruption within the government as Haynes puts it ‘a sense of community ownership inhibits corruption and maintains accountability’.<ref>[http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com/2010/07/afghanistan-transition-to-ana-must.html Colonel Jeff Haynes. Afghanistan: Transition to ANA Must Start Now: July 27th 2010,]", [http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com The Military Observer], accessed 29 October 2010.</ref> >
+This view is clearly supported in an article by Jeff Haynes who is the vice president of business development for Glevum, he emphasises the importance of community development councils. These councils are run by members who have been voted in from the communities themselves. This enables them to prioritise local areas of need as they know first hand what services and changes are required. They also address the concerns of corruption within the government as Haynes puts it ‘a sense of community ownership inhibits corruption and maintains accountability’.<ref>[http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com/2010/07/afghanistan-transition-to-ana-must.html Colonel Jeff Haynes. Afghanistan: Transition to ANA Must Start Now: July 27th 2010,]", [http://themilitaryobserver.blogspot.com The Military Observer], accessed 29 October 2010.</ref>
 A further example of the type of information which these surveys uncover can be seen in an article featured in the New York Times. Glevum was attributed to providing information on the growing feeling of unrest in Kandahar in Afghanistan, It documented the feelings of a lessening sense of security in the area, which before the invasion was held to be ‘the birth place and the power centre of the Taliban’ the results helped U.S officials to begin to understand the ties between the different communities and the Taliban which may require some sort of conference with them as a means of a peaceful resolution to minimise the levels of conflict with Kandahar. It is this qualitative research which Glevum claims gives the military a unique relationship with the communities. However the situation continues to be volatile and has resulted in the killing of the deputy major Azizullah Yarmal during prayer in April this year. Although the information has given guidance to the military who according to this article will now encourage forums between residents, military and elders to propose alternatives to the Taliban It calls into question whether this system is effective in practice.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/21/world/asia/21afghan.html?_r=3&sq=glevum%20associates&st=cse&adxnnl=1&scp=1&adxnnlx=1287918230-nDQYQ4tBvFVcguA6zZWH2g Richard A, Oppel. A Killing Further Erodes Afghan Faith in Leaders. April 21st 2010,]", [http://www.nytimes.com/ The New York Times], accessed 2nd November 2010</ref>

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	==Criticism==		==Criticism==

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	Other research Glevum has conducted has shown that within Afghanistan there is growing support for the Afghan Nation Army. This information allows for planning of the expansion of this Army, which would in turn allow for a reduction of the presence of U.S and United Nation troops. However it is key that for these changes to be implemented both the troops and governments must have the support of the Afghan people, the Nation Army must be able and willing to ‘protect the population and to fight corruption’* this will allow growing independence for the Afghan people to gain independence instead of relying on the Nato troops, and of course the changes in social attitudes to this and any other matters can by discovered by Glevum and their social research teams. <ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4732898 Kate Brannen; Petraeus Updates COIN Guidance for Afghanistan. March 8th 2010,]", [http://www.defensenews.com Defense News], accessed 26th October 2010.</ref>		Other research Glevum has conducted has shown that within Afghanistan there is growing support for the Afghan Nation Army. This information allows for planning of the expansion of this Army, which would in turn allow for a reduction of the presence of U.S and United Nation troops. However it is key that for these changes to be implemented both the troops and governments must have the support of the Afghan people, the Nation Army must be able and willing to ‘protect the population and to fight corruption’* this will allow growing independence for the Afghan people to gain independence instead of relying on the Nato troops, and of course the changes in social attitudes to this and any other matters can by discovered by Glevum and their social research teams. <ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4732898 Kate Brannen; Petraeus Updates COIN Guidance for Afghanistan. March 8th 2010,]", [http://www.defensenews.com Defense News], accessed 26th October 2010.</ref>
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		+	Detailed examples of the types of information Glevum gathers for its clients and how it goes about collecting it can be found in their Kandahar Province Survey Report published in March 2010. In this report, Glevum interviewed 1994 individuals from nine districts; 56% male and 44% female. From the results gathered, Glevum determined that there was a lack of security in the area and an opinion of political corruption. They concluded this was driving people to present a lack of support for the government and in some cases, support for the Taliban based on findings regarding which groups were perceived by citizens as providing the most security. From this information, Glevum made a number of recommendations. These recommendations included implementing a campaign to address concerns such as the lack of security. The report states that it should be an Afghan campaign due to the fact these prove more successful within the country. It notes this is the case even if they are less effective. Glevum notes this can be done by making the Afghan army responsible ‘within capacity’ for creating a more stable and secure environment.<ref>''Kandahar Province Survey Report'', [http://glevumusa Glevum Associates], March 2010.</ref>

	==Ownership and Personnel==		==Ownership and Personnel==

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−	Testing something<ref>Glevum Associates: ~~‘’Kandahar~~ Province Survey ~~Report’’,~~ March 2010.</ref>	+	Testing something<ref>Glevum Associates: ''Kandahar Province Survey Report'' March 2010.</ref>

	==Criticism==		==Criticism==