Desmond 'Barry' Loader (alias) - Revision history

Chris Brian at 18:25, 22 April 2021

2021-04-22T18:25:49Z

Peter Salmon at 10:14, 25 October 2020

2020-10-25T10:14:37Z

Peter Salmon at 13:11, 24 October 2020

2020-10-24T13:11:45Z

Chris Brian: /* Court Cases and Undercovers */

2020-10-20T09:46:06Z

Court Cases and Undercovers

Chris Brian: /* Court Cases and Undercovers */

2020-10-20T09:37:15Z

Court Cases and Undercovers

Chris Brian: /* The Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) */

2020-10-16T09:39:00Z

The Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)

Chris Brian: /* Confrontations with the Police */

2020-10-16T09:38:00Z

Confrontations with the Police

Chris Brian at 09:36, 16 October 2020

2020-10-16T09:36:47Z

Chris Brian: /* The Revolutionary Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) */

2020-10-16T09:36:06Z

The Revolutionary Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)

Chris Brian: /* The Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) */

2020-10-16T09:35:48Z

The Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:25, 22 April 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Undercover_Police_Officer_sidebar\|Name='HN13'\|Alias=Barry / Desmond Loader\|Series=undercover police officers\|Image=Male_silhouette.png \|Unit=Special Demonstration Squad\|DatesDeployed=1975-1978\|Targets=Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)}}		{{Undercover_Police_Officer_sidebar\|Name='HN13'\|Alias=Barry / Desmond Loader\|Series=undercover police officers\|Image=Male_silhouette.png \|Unit=Special Demonstration Squad\|DatesDeployed=1975-1978\|Targets=Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)}}
		+
		+	++Last Updated October 2020++

	'''Desmond 'Barry' Loader''' is the cover name used by a former [[Special Demonstration Squad]] (SDS) undercover officer who was deployed into the Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) from 1975 to 1978.<ref name="ucpi.email.24July2018">20180724_UCPI_to_all_CPs_publishing_HN13_CP20_RLR16', ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 24 July 2018 referencing an update of the page [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ UCPI.org.uk/cover-names].</ref> For the purposes of the [[Undercover Policing Inquiry]] and [[Operation Herne]] he is also referred to by the cipher HN13. (for the N cipher system see under [[N officers]]).		'''Desmond 'Barry' Loader''' is the cover name used by a former [[Special Demonstration Squad]] (SDS) undercover officer who was deployed into the Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist) from 1975 to 1978.<ref name="ucpi.email.24July2018">20180724_UCPI_to_all_CPs_publishing_HN13_CP20_RLR16', ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 24 July 2018 referencing an update of the page [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/cover-names/ UCPI.org.uk/cover-names].</ref> For the purposes of the [[Undercover Policing Inquiry]] and [[Operation Herne]] he is also referred to by the cipher HN13. (for the N cipher system see under [[N officers]]).

@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 One further conviction was overturned in 2014, that of John Jordan. In August 1996, undercover police officer [[Jim Boyling]], Jordan and other campaigners were arrested and charged with a public order offence after occupying a government office. The Crown Prosecution Service refused to give the reason why the conviction was quashed.<ref> Rob Evans,[https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/sep/24/prosecutors-covert-operation-miscarriage-justice-john-jordan Prosecutors forced to admit covert operation caused miscarriage of justice] 24 September 2014 (accessed 20 October 2020).</ref>
-Two cases both involving animal rights activist Geoff Sheppard are ongoing. One where spycop [[Bob Lambert]] is accused of setting fire to a Debenhams store, an action for which Sheppard was jailed<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/07/activists-appeal-convictions-involvement-police-spy Activists to appeal against convictions over involvement of police spy] ''The Guardian'', 7 March 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>Note: The internal Metropolitan Police investigation  -'Operation Sparkler/Nitrogen' is still in ongoing. See: Lesley Curtis, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/final_report_of_operation_sparkl#incoming-1421459 Final report of Operation Sparkler/ Operation Nitrogen] ''whatdotheyknow'' (website), 17 October 2019 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> and the other where undercover [[Matt Rayner]] encouraged Sheppard to buy a shotgun, for which Sheppard was also sent to prison.<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jul/15/uk-undercover-officer-accused-encouraging-activist-buy-shotgun UK undercover officer accused of encouraging activist to buy shotgun] ''The Guardian'', 15 July 2020 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>
+Two cases both involving animal rights activist Geoff Sheppard are ongoing. One where spycop [[Bob Lambert]] is accused of setting fire to a Debenhams store, an action for which Sheppard was jailed<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/07/activists-appeal-convictions-involvement-police-spy Activists to appeal against convictions over involvement of police spy] ''The Guardian'', 7 March 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>Note: The internal Metropolitan Police investigation  -'Operation Sparkler/Nitrogen' is still in ongoing. See: Lesley Curtis, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/final_report_of_operation_sparkl#incoming-1421459 Final report of Operation Sparkler/ Operation Nitrogen], ''whatdotheyknow'' (website), 17 October 2019 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> and the other where undercover [[Matt Rayner]] encouraged Sheppard to buy a shotgun, for which Sheppard was also sent to prison.<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jul/15/uk-undercover-officer-accused-encouraging-activist-buy-shotgun UK undercover officer accused of encouraging activist to buy shotgun] ''The Guardian'', 15 July 2020 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>
 ==Loader: Description, Personality and Activities==
@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 * 8 November 2018: Mitting makes the ruling that the officer's real name will be restricted for the purposes of the Inquiry, saying:<ref name="mitting.ruling13.8Nov2018">Sir John Mitting, [https://www.ucpi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/20181108_Ruling_13_final.pdf Applications for restriction orders in respect of the real and cover names of officers of the Special Demonstration Squad and Special Duties Squad Ruling 13], ''Undercover Policing Inquiry'', 8 November 2018.</ref>
 :: Publication of the real name of HN13 will not assist the Inquiry to get the truth of his deployment or about undercover deployments generally. I have explained the harm which would be caused by publication to his widow and children in the 'minded to' note of 15 January 2018. I do not resile from the conclusions there expressed.
 * 9 September 2020: The Undercover Policing Inquiry stated in a provisional list of witnesses for Tranche 1, phase two, that documentary evidence regarding HN13 will come under consideration. This is scheduled to take commence on 25 January 2021.<ref>Provisional List of UCOs and Civilians whose evidence is to be considered in Tranche 1 Phase 1 ‘20200908_JW_NPSCP_Response_To_Queries.pdf’, attached to Letter from James Wilson, Inquiry Solicitor to Lydia Dagostino, Coordinator to the Non-State Core Participant lawyers, 9 September 2020.</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 24 October 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:


−	=The Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)=	+	==The Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)==
	The CPE-ML had its origins in the Sussex University-based English Student Movement, part of the Hardial Bains-inspired tendency known as the Internationalists; and it formed following their Necessity For Change conference in 1967.<ref name="NFC"> Richard Daly, [https://cpcml.ca/Tmlw2017/W47041.HTM#2 Looking Back on Necessity for Change Conference], Celebration of 50th Anniversary of Historic Necessity for Change Conference, 12 November 2017 (accessed 4 July 2020).</ref> The RCPB (M-L) had a modest membership – and never aimed to be a mass membership organisation. It also had a number of ‘front’ organisations including the ‘South London People's Front, the East London People’s Front and the Progressive Cultural Association.<ref name="MChant"/>		The CPE-ML had its origins in the Sussex University-based English Student Movement, part of the Hardial Bains-inspired tendency known as the Internationalists; and it formed following their Necessity For Change conference in 1967.<ref name="NFC"> Richard Daly, [https://cpcml.ca/Tmlw2017/W47041.HTM#2 Looking Back on Necessity for Change Conference], Celebration of 50th Anniversary of Historic Necessity for Change Conference, 12 November 2017 (accessed 4 July 2020).</ref> The RCPB (M-L) had a modest membership – and never aimed to be a mass membership organisation. It also had a number of ‘front’ organisations including the ‘South London People's Front, the East London People’s Front and the Progressive Cultural Association.<ref name="MChant"/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:46, 20 October 2020
Line 63:		Line 63:

	A review undertaken by the Criminal Case Review Commission<ref>Note the Criminal Case Review Commission is the statutory body responsible for referring miscarriages to the court of appeal. In 2018 a report found that it was 'not fit for purpose'. See: Eric Allison, Simon Hattenstone and Owen Bowcott [https://www.theguardian.com/law/2018/may/30/criminal-cases-review-commission-not-fit-for-purpose-lawyers-say Miscarriages of justice body is not fit for purpose, lawyers say] ''The Guardian'', 30 May 2018 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> in 2017/18 found 19 cases which involved 84 convicted individuals, they were only able to trace a single defendant who did not wish to pursue an appeal.<ref>[https://ccrc.gov.uk/ccrc-annual-report-2017-18_web-accessible/ CCRC Annual Report] 2018 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref> Note: A similar review also was conducted by the Attorney General. See:[https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/impact_of_undisclosed_undercover#incoming-1338591 Impact of Undisclosed Undercover Police Activity on the Safety of Convictions Report to the Attorney General] Crown Prosecution Service (via whatdotheyknow.com)28 March 2019 (accessed 22 September 2020 and Rob Evans,[https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/sep/24/prosecutors-covert-operation-miscarriage-justice-john-jordan Prosecutors forced to admit covert operation caused miscarriage of justice] ''The Guardian'', 24 September 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>		A review undertaken by the Criminal Case Review Commission<ref>Note the Criminal Case Review Commission is the statutory body responsible for referring miscarriages to the court of appeal. In 2018 a report found that it was 'not fit for purpose'. See: Eric Allison, Simon Hattenstone and Owen Bowcott [https://www.theguardian.com/law/2018/may/30/criminal-cases-review-commission-not-fit-for-purpose-lawyers-say Miscarriages of justice body is not fit for purpose, lawyers say] ''The Guardian'', 30 May 2018 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> in 2017/18 found 19 cases which involved 84 convicted individuals, they were only able to trace a single defendant who did not wish to pursue an appeal.<ref>[https://ccrc.gov.uk/ccrc-annual-report-2017-18_web-accessible/ CCRC Annual Report] 2018 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref> Note: A similar review also was conducted by the Attorney General. See:[https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/impact_of_undisclosed_undercover#incoming-1338591 Impact of Undisclosed Undercover Police Activity on the Safety of Convictions Report to the Attorney General] Crown Prosecution Service (via whatdotheyknow.com)28 March 2019 (accessed 22 September 2020 and Rob Evans,[https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/sep/24/prosecutors-covert-operation-miscarriage-justice-john-jordan Prosecutors forced to admit covert operation caused miscarriage of justice] ''The Guardian'', 24 September 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>
		+
		+	One further conviction was overturned in 2014, that of John Jordan. In August 1996, undercover police officer [[Jim Boyling]], Jordan and other campaigners were arrested and charged with a public order offence after occupying a government office. The Crown Prosecution Service refused to give the reason why the conviction was quashed.<ref> Rob Evans,[https://www.theguardian.com/law/2014/sep/24/prosecutors-covert-operation-miscarriage-justice-john-jordan Prosecutors forced to admit covert operation caused miscarriage of justice] 24 September 2014 (accessed 20 October 2020).</ref>

	Two cases both involving animal rights activist Geoff Sheppard are ongoing. One where spycop [[Bob Lambert]] is accused of setting fire to a Debenhams store, an action for which Sheppard was jailed<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/07/activists-appeal-convictions-involvement-police-spy Activists to appeal against convictions over involvement of police spy] ''The Guardian'', 7 March 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>Note: The internal Metropolitan Police investigation -'Operation Sparkler/Nitrogen' is still in ongoing. See: Lesley Curtis, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/final_report_of_operation_sparkl#incoming-1421459 Final report of Operation Sparkler/ Operation Nitrogen] ''whatdotheyknow'' (website), 17 October 2019 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> and the other where undercover [[Matt Rayner]] encouraged Sheppard to buy a shotgun, for which Sheppard was also sent to prison.<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jul/15/uk-undercover-officer-accused-encouraging-activist-buy-shotgun UK undercover officer accused of encouraging activist to buy shotgun] ''The Guardian'', 15 July 2020 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>		Two cases both involving animal rights activist Geoff Sheppard are ongoing. One where spycop [[Bob Lambert]] is accused of setting fire to a Debenhams store, an action for which Sheppard was jailed<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/07/activists-appeal-convictions-involvement-police-spy Activists to appeal against convictions over involvement of police spy] ''The Guardian'', 7 March 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>Note: The internal Metropolitan Police investigation -'Operation Sparkler/Nitrogen' is still in ongoing. See: Lesley Curtis, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/final_report_of_operation_sparkl#incoming-1421459 Final report of Operation Sparkler/ Operation Nitrogen] ''whatdotheyknow'' (website), 17 October 2019 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> and the other where undercover [[Matt Rayner]] encouraged Sheppard to buy a shotgun, for which Sheppard was also sent to prison.<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jul/15/uk-undercover-officer-accused-encouraging-activist-buy-shotgun UK undercover officer accused of encouraging activist to buy shotgun] ''The Guardian'', 15 July 2020 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>

@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 Court cases where undercover officers used their cover names in British courts of law might mean that genuine activist's convictions are unsafe. Further, undercover officers acting as 'agent provocateurs', or being privy to legally privileged information may also make convictions unsafe. In fact, this is one of the many issues being investigated by the Undercover Policing Inquiry and has been (and still are) subject to review by the court of appeal and other bodies.
-This issue was initially brought to light by the Ratcliffe Power station case (where 10 convictions were overturned and another related prosecution discontinued)<ref>Dónal O’Driscoll, [http://specialbranchfiles.uk/operation-aeroscope-reexamination/ Operation Aeroscope - A Re-examination] ''Undercover Research Group'', 7 November 2018 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/home-secretary-announces-terms-of-reference-for-undercover-policing-inquiry Home Secretary announces terms of reference for undercover policing inquiry] 16 July 2015 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref> and the Ellison Review<ref>Mark Ellison,[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stephen-lawrence-independent-review Stepen Lawrence Independent Review] ''Hansard'', 6 March 2014 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> which found:<ref>The Secretary of State for the Home Department (Mrs Theresa May)[https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2014-03-06/debates/14030652000002/EllisonReview Ellison Review] ''House of Commons Hansard'', 6 March 2014 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref>
+This issue was initially brought to light by the Ratcliffe Power station case (where 10 convictions were overturned and another related prosecution discontinued)<ref>Dónal O’Driscoll, [http://specialbranchfiles.uk/operation-aeroscope-reexamination/ Operation Aeroscope - A Re-examination] ''Undercover Research Group'', 7 November 2018 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/home-secretary-announces-terms-of-reference-for-undercover-policing-inquiry Home Secretary announces terms of reference for undercover policing inquiry] 16 July 2015 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>Note a further case also involving Mark Kennedy - Drax Coal Train - resulted in a further 29 defendants having their convictions quashed. See: Rob Evans,[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/jan/21/drax-protesters-convictions-quashed-police-spy-mark-kennedy Drax protesters' convictions quashed over withheld evidence of police spy] 21 January 2014 (accessed 20 October 2020).</ref> and the Ellison Review<ref>Mark Ellison,[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/stephen-lawrence-independent-review Stepen Lawrence Independent Review] ''Hansard'', 6 March 2014 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> which found:<ref>The Secretary of State for the Home Department (Mrs Theresa May)[https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2014-03-06/debates/14030652000002/EllisonReview Ellison Review] ''House of Commons Hansard'', 6 March 2014 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref>
 ::[...] that the SDS operated as if exempt from the proper rules of disclosure in criminal cases, and that there is real potential for miscarriages of justices to have occurred. In particular, Ellison says that there is an inevitable potential for SDS officers to have been viewed by those they infiltrated as encouraging and participating in criminal behaviour. He [Ellison] refers to officers in criminal trials failing to reveal their true identities, meaning that crucial information that should have been disclosed was not given to the defence and the court; and he finds that undercover officers sometimes failed to correct evidence given in court which they knew was wrong.

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 The CPE (M-L) was also vocal and active in broader anti-fascist politics during the 1970s and early 1980s at a time when National Front was a significant force on the street and sometimes at the ballot box. During this time the NF was successfully challenged on the street by a variety of anti-fascist groups.
-In 1974, They were also present at the Red Lion Square counter-fascist demo during clashes between anti-fascists and the police took place. During this violent confrontation, one protester Kevin Gately received severe head injuries from which he died.<ref name="Copsey2">Nigel Copsey, [https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9780312227654 Anti-Fascism in Britain, p.120] Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.</ref><ref name="SmithGately">Evan Smith, [https://hatfulofhistory.wordpress.com/2013/06/15/red-lion-square-and-the-death-of-kevin-gately/#_edn5 Red Lion Square and the Death of Kevin Gately], ''New Historical Express'' (website), 15 June 2013 (accessed 14 September 2020).</ref>  Members of the party also gave evidence at the subsequent public inquiry into the incident - which was chaired by Lord Scarman.<ref name="emailChant"/><ref name="ScarmanRedLion">[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C9097 Scarman Inquiry into Red Lion Square Disorders: Minutes, Evidence and Papers] ''HO233'', 1974-1975 (accessed 14 September 2020).</ref>
+In 1974, they were also present at the Red Lion Square counter-fascist demo during clashes between anti-fascists and the police took place. During this violent confrontation, one protester Kevin Gately received severe head injuries from which he died.<ref name="Copsey2">Nigel Copsey, [https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9780312227654 Anti-Fascism in Britain, p.120] Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.</ref><ref name="SmithGately">Evan Smith, [https://hatfulofhistory.wordpress.com/2013/06/15/red-lion-square-and-the-death-of-kevin-gately/#_edn5 Red Lion Square and the Death of Kevin Gately], ''New Historical Express'' (website), 15 June 2013 (accessed 14 September 2020).</ref>  Members of the party also gave evidence at the subsequent public inquiry into the incident - which was chaired by Lord Scarman.<ref name="emailChant"/><ref name="ScarmanRedLion">[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C9097 Scarman Inquiry into Red Lion Square Disorders: Minutes, Evidence and Papers] ''HO233'', 1974-1975 (accessed 14 September 2020).</ref>
 [[File:Workersdailygately.png|thumb|left|300px|Leaflet from Battersea CPE issued at the time of Red Lion square and Gately's death ]]
 Commensurate with significant anti-fascist activity, there was a probable fascist attack on the election headquarters of the South London People’s Front (SLPF) in the 1978 Lambeth Central by-election.<ref name="emailChant"/>

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ::In January 1974, four members of the party were found guilty of possession of petrol bombs and assaulting police. [redacted name], [redacted name], [redacted name] received 12-month sentences for possession of petrol bombs and [redacted name] a six-month suspended sentence. They were also fined for assaulting police.<ref name="Shipley">Peter Shipley, [https://books.google.co.uk/books?redir_esc=y&id=AOYEAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=petrol Revolutionaries in Modern Britain] 1976 (accessed 4 July 2020) pp.160.</ref>
-This was a result of a police raid on a house used by comrades and fabricated evidence.<ref name="MChant"/>
+This was a result of a police raid on a 'house used by comrades and fabricated evidence'.<ref name="MChant"/>
 Also in 1973/74, several party members were arrested for the (and according to the CPE, again, fabricated) charge of the theft of roof lead, after their car was stopped on Queens Town Road, Battersea.<ref name="MChant"/><ref name="emailChant"/>

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:36, 16 October 2020
Line 67:		Line 67:

	Two cases both involving animal rights activist Geoff Sheppard are ongoing. One where spycop [[Bob Lambert]] is accused of setting fire to a Debenhams store, an action for which Sheppard was jailed<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/07/activists-appeal-convictions-involvement-police-spy Activists to appeal against convictions over involvement of police spy] ''The Guardian'', 7 March 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>Note: The internal Metropolitan Police investigation -'Operation Sparkler/Nitrogen' is still in ongoing. See: Lesley Curtis, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/final_report_of_operation_sparkl#incoming-1421459 Final report of Operation Sparkler/ Operation Nitrogen] ''whatdotheyknow'' (website), 17 October 2019 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> and the other where undercover [[Matt Rayner]] encouraged Sheppard to buy a shotgun, for which Sheppard was also sent to prison.<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jul/15/uk-undercover-officer-accused-encouraging-activist-buy-shotgun UK undercover officer accused of encouraging activist to buy shotgun] ''The Guardian'', 15 July 2020 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>		Two cases both involving animal rights activist Geoff Sheppard are ongoing. One where spycop [[Bob Lambert]] is accused of setting fire to a Debenhams store, an action for which Sheppard was jailed<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/mar/07/activists-appeal-convictions-involvement-police-spy Activists to appeal against convictions over involvement of police spy] ''The Guardian'', 7 March 2014 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref><ref>Note: The internal Metropolitan Police investigation -'Operation Sparkler/Nitrogen' is still in ongoing. See: Lesley Curtis, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/final_report_of_operation_sparkl#incoming-1421459 Final report of Operation Sparkler/ Operation Nitrogen] ''whatdotheyknow'' (website), 17 October 2019 (accessed 25 September 2020).</ref> and the other where undercover [[Matt Rayner]] encouraged Sheppard to buy a shotgun, for which Sheppard was also sent to prison.<ref>Rob Evans, [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jul/15/uk-undercover-officer-accused-encouraging-activist-buy-shotgun UK undercover officer accused of encouraging activist to buy shotgun] ''The Guardian'', 15 July 2020 (accessed 22 September 2020).</ref>
−

	==Loader: Description, Personality and Activities==		==Loader: Description, Personality and Activities==

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 16 October 2020
Line 9:		Line 9:


−	=The Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)=	+	=The Revolutionary Communist Party of England (Marxist-Leninist)=
	The CPE-ML had its origins in the Sussex University-based English Student Movement, part of the Hardial Bains-inspired tendency known as the Internationalists; and it formed following their Necessity For Change conference in 1967.<ref name="NFC"> Richard Daly, [https://cpcml.ca/Tmlw2017/W47041.HTM#2 Looking Back on Necessity for Change Conference], Celebration of 50th Anniversary of Historic Necessity for Change Conference, 12 November 2017 (accessed 4 July 2020).</ref> The RCPB (M-L) had a modest membership – and never aimed to be a mass membership organisation. It also had a number of ‘front’ organisations including the ‘South London People's Front, the East London People’s Front and the Progressive Cultural Association.<ref name="MChant"/>		The CPE-ML had its origins in the Sussex University-based English Student Movement, part of the Hardial Bains-inspired tendency known as the Internationalists; and it formed following their Necessity For Change conference in 1967.<ref name="NFC"> Richard Daly, [https://cpcml.ca/Tmlw2017/W47041.HTM#2 Looking Back on Necessity for Change Conference], Celebration of 50th Anniversary of Historic Necessity for Change Conference, 12 November 2017 (accessed 4 July 2020).</ref> The RCPB (M-L) had a modest membership – and never aimed to be a mass membership organisation. It also had a number of ‘front’ organisations including the ‘South London People's Front, the East London People’s Front and the Progressive Cultural Association.<ref name="MChant"/>