Powerbase - User contributions [en]

Nuffield Council on Bioethics

2007-04-04T22:08:40Z

Michael:

The [http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/ Nuffield Council on Bioethics] says it is an independent body which examines the ethical issues raised by developments in medicine and biology. Established in 1991, it is funded by The Nuffield Foundation, the Medical Research Council and The [[Wellcome Trust]].

In 1999 no less than four newsworthy reports on GM were published in the UK in the space of just two days. All asserted the safety of GM foods and crops, and all strongly criticised the research of Dr Arpad Pusztai which had raised considerable doubts about the safety of GM foods. Their publication also followed hard on the heels of a British Medical Association report calling for an indefinite moratorium on GM crops.

One of these reports was the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' report, ''Genetically modified crops: the social and ethical issues'', published in May 1999. The attack on Dr Pusztai was contained in an appendix to the report which Pusztai characterised as 'misleading and full of inaccuracies... unscientific and most unfair.'

The Nuffield report declared that all GM foods currently on the market were 'safe' and that there was a moral imperative to make GM crops available to developing countries. Though the panel that drew up the report was presented as 'a group of independent scientists', this does not bear examination.

Among those on the panel were:

::[[Mike Gale]] FRS: biotechnologist at the [[John Innes Centre]] (JIC), which at that time was negotiating a deal with biotech giants Zeneca and DuPont promising some �60-70m in investment. Gale, while serving as the JIC's acting director, said of the financial impact of a GM moratorium on the JIC, 'It would be very, very serious for us.'

::[[Derek Burke]]: former vice chancellor of the University of East Anglia (UEA), and former chair of the governing council of the JIC (see above), both of which have benefited from biotech industry funding. Burke was chairman for nearly a decade (1988-97) of the [[Advisory Committee for Novel Foods and Processes]] (ACNFP), the regulatory body which approved the UK's first GM foods.

::[[Brian Heap]] FRS: then Vice President of the [[Royal Society]]. Like Burke and Gale, Heap helped produce the Royal Society's report 'Genetically Modified Plants for Food Use' which was used at an earlier stage to reassure government ministers that there were no significant problems with GM. He was also on the Royal Society group that organised a partial 'peer review' of Pusztai's work while it was still unpublished - an act The Lancet described as 'a gesture of breathtaking impertinence.'

::[[Michael Lipton]]: development economist at the Poverty Research Unit, University of Sussex. Lipton is a strong supporter of GM and of genetically modified 'golden rice'. He warns that it is threatened by 'a great anti-scientific wave' and says NGOs which oppose it should have their charitable status brought into question. He does not appear to consider the large amount of money being invested in 'golden rice' could better be spent on the cheap and effective approaches already available, nor that those likely to be most directly affected by this technology should be centrally involved in decision making about it.

In drawing up its report, the Nuffield panel consulted, among others, the biotech corporations Monsanto and Zeneca. The Scottish Herald (30 May 99) reported that an early draft of the report had warned of possible environmental problems with GM crops and suggested leaving large GM-free tracts of the UK as an 'insurance policy'. This suggestion did not survive consultation with the industry and was edited out before publication.

Although the report made such strong recommendations on the use of GM crops in the developing world, curiously there was no consultation with anyone from the developing world, nor was a single well-known scientific critic of GM consulted.

The environmental writer George Monbiot described the Nuffield report as ''''perhaps the most asinine report on biotechnology ever written. The stain it leaves on the Nuffield Council's excellent reputation will last for years.''''

According to Monbiot, the panel made three fundamental mistakes.

::'The first was to assume that the technology is neutral' whereas 'control of the foodchain remains with the corporation at every stage of production'.

::The second mistake was 'its crude, even childish supposition that any technology which produces more will feed the starving. The world is littered with the wreckage of such assumptions. Ethiopia's modern agro-industrialists were exporting animal feed to Europe throughout its devastating famine... starvation happens because the wrong people own the foodchain.'

::The third mistake was 'its inexplicable premise that biotechnology will somehow boost employment. Monsanto's leading biotech products - herbicide resistant crops - are sold with the promise that they reduce the need for labour: farmers give their money not to local labourers but to one of the biggest corporations on earth.'

The fact that the Nuffield panel did not consult even 1 person from a developing country, out of the 87 or so experts they met, proved particularly controversial. A group representing Indian farmers even turned up uninvited at the Nuffield offices in London to express their [http://www.gmwatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=1042 unhappiness with the report] and frustration at their point of view not being heard. The Nuffield's director eventually agreed to speak to them, though not before calling the police.

Four years on, in 2003, a group within the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' produced a follow up report to coincide with the UK's national GM Public Debate. The [http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/go/ourwork/gmcrops/introduction use of genetically modified crops in developing countries] (published in January 2004 after a period of consultation) again strongly supported GM crops. The BBC's [[Pallab Ghosh]] reported, 'GM crops can contribute substantially to improving agriculture in developing countries, an independent scientific think-tank has concluded.'

The follow up report was produced by a much smaller group than the 1999 report. The 5-member group included only one person who had not contributed to the 1999 report. The remaining four were the Council's director plus [[Derek Burke]], [[Mike Gale]] and [[Michael Lipton]].

Like the'public-good plant breeding' campaign launched in autumn 2003 by the [[John Innes Centre]] in consort with the controversial lobby group [[Sense About Science]], the 2003 report called for a massive increase in public investment in GM crops. That kind of investment would notably benefit [[Mike Gale]]'s institute - the JIC - an institute with which [[Derek Burke]] also has strong associations (as former chair of the JIC's governing council). The JIC's corporate investors have been in retreat with the JIC's principal corporate investor, [[Sourcewatch:Syngenta|Syngenta]], pulling out completely, abandoning a �50m investment.

Dr Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher, the head of Ethiopia's Environmental Protection Authority, [http://www.gmwatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=1905responded], 'The Nuffield report suggests that there is a moral imperative for investment into GM crop research in developing countries. But the moral imperative is in fact the opposite. The policy of drawing funds away from low-cost sustainable agriculture research, towards hi-tech, exclusive, expensive and unsafe technology is itself ethically questionable. There is a strong moral argument that the funding of GM technology in agriculture is harming the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the developing world.'

New-Delhi based trade and policy analyst, Devinder Sharma, sees the Nuffield Council's plea for massive funding for GM research as more about job security for their fellow scientists than food security for the hungry. The panel, [http://www.gmwatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=1906 Sharma suggests], is guilty of exploiting hunger in the poor world for the sake of employment opportunities for the rich.

The Nuffield report's vision is also notably at odds with the 2003 report on [http://twnafrica.org/news_detail.asp?twnID=374 GM crops in Africa] by Aaron deGrassi of the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. DeGrassi assesses empirically the major GM showcase projects in Africa and finds they have little to offer in terms of serious poverty alleviation. The report concludes, 'genetic modification may constitute a novel tool but it is a relatively ineffective and expensive one in Africa.' The report supports the judgement of a South African commentator, 'There are better ways to feed Africa than GM crops.'

Interestingly, one of the limited number of case studies the Nuffield report uses is one of the showcase projects deGrassi considers - a Monsanto-initiated project to breed a GM virus-resistant sweet potato for use in Kenyan agriculture. The Nuffield report says of the likely result of the project, 'it is expected that yields will increase by 18-25%' and that, where sold, 'the increased income will be between 28-39%' (p.39). Overall, the report says that the project shows that 'the use of GM virus-resistant sweet potatoes could prevent dramatic and frequent reductions in yield of one of the major food crops of many poor people in Africa.' (p.43)

The final version of the Nuffield report was published in the same month as the results of 3 years of crop trials in Kenya on the GM sweet potato. These showed the project to have been a complete failure with the supposedly virus-resistant GM sweet potatoes being outperformed by conventional sweet potatoes ('Monsanto's showcase project in Africa fails', New Scientist).

The Nuffield authors can, of course, be forgiven for not knowing the results of the trials in advance, but not for ignoring deGrassi's report which pointed to the complete lack of reliable scientific evidence to support the claims being made for the Kenyan project and which were repeated by the Nuffield authors. DeGrassi pointed to a whole series of reasons for extreme caution about the project's likely outcome.

It is extremely difficult to see the Nuffield authors' failure to make any reference to deGrassi's work as anything other than deliberate. DeGrassi's report was not only widely circulated on the Internet, but was repeatedly referred to in press articles in the months prior to the production of the final version of the Nuffield report, eg in pieces by Rob Edwards (GM-free food is contaminated, Sunday Herald - 29 June 2003), John Vidal ([http://society.guardian.co.uk/societyguardian/story/0,7843,1047994,00.html Tattered Fagships], The Guardian, 24 September 2003) and George Monbiot ([http://www.guardian.co.uk/gmdebate/Story/0,2763,1057588,00.html Force-fed a diet of hype], The Guardian 7 October, 2003) Indeed, George Monbiot's piece specifically referred to deGrassi's criticisms of the GM sweet potato project while John Vidal dirtectly pointed to the relevance of deGrassi's findings to the Nuffield Council's work:

'[the Nuffield] authors should consider the work of Aaron deGrassi, a researcher at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. DeGrassi has analysed three flagship GM projects in Africa - including Monsanto's GM cotton in South Africa, Syngenta's maize project in Kenya, and another Kenyan project with GM sweet potatoes involving Monsanto, the World Bank and USAid. The industry claims that all three are showcase successes for small farmers, but DeGrassi finds the benefits much lower than could be obtained with conventional breeding at a fraction of the investment in GM research.'
([http://society.guardian.co.uk/societyguardian/story/0,7843,1047994,00.html Tattered Fagships], The Guardian, 24 September 2003)

Vidal's piece concluded by telling the Nuffield authors how to obtain a copy of the report: "Details at: http://www.twnafrica.org/docs/GMCropsAfrica.pdf "

In addition, the only development specialist on the Nuffield Working Party (Michael Lipton) is based, like deGrassi, at the University of Sussex. Indeed, Lipton and deGrassi were both among those at a two-day [http://www.gmwatch.org/archive2.asp?arcid=1564 conference on GM and development] at the Institute of Development Studies at the beginning of October 2003 - some 3 months before the publication of the Nuffield report.

The Nuffield authors not only overlook deGrassi's warnings about the lack of verifiable evidence to support the claims about the project in Kenya, they even quote a yield figure for conventional sweet potato production in Africa of 6 tons per hectare which deGrassi points out lacks any credible basis. The figure is completely at odds with FAO and Kenyan official statistics which give average yields in Kenya as around 10 tons per hectare. The figure of 6 tons, which the Nuffield report uses, has been promoted, deGrassi says, as a means of making the potential yields from the GM sweet potato look comparatively good.

Similarly, the Nuffield Report says that effective controls for the pathogens the Kenyan project aims to tackle are 'not available'. But, as George Monbiot noted in an article published three months before Nuffield, deGrassi reports a conventionally bred sweet potato with viral resistance in Uganda which has successfully increased yields for farmers by roughly 100% at a fraction of the cost of the GM project.

The Nuffield report also ignores deGrassi's findings in relation to another project featured amongst its case studies. This case study focuses, in part, on the success of Bt cotton in South Africa - another project which deGrassi's report challenges on the basis, once again, of careful scrutiny of the available evidence. In the same case study, the Nuffield authors claim economic benefits for small farmers in China from Bt cotton, even though Prof. Dayuan Xue, of the Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science in China, told Lipton and others attending the IDS confernce back in October that, 'Modern agri-biotechnology has produced significant benefits for commercial companies but not for small farmers in China.' Similarly, no reference is made to the multiple problems experienced by small farmers growing Bt cotton in India or Indonesia.

DeGrassi's report carefully sifts out biotech industry hype from reliable evidence. It is difficult not to view the Nuffield report's failure to follow suit as reflecting the make up of the Working Party.

It is also revealing that ministers in the Blair Government have repeatedly turned to the Nuffield Report - both the 99 report and the update - for support for their pro-GM position while ignoring the views and reports of the British Overseas Aid Group (BOAG) member organisations - Action Aid, CAFOD, Christian Aid, OXFAM and Save the Children. The latter have said, 'Claims that GMOs are necessary for the food security of poor people in developing countries should not be used to promote public acceptance of GM by the UK public. We believe such claims are misleading and fail to acknowledge the complexities of poverty reduction and household food security in developing countries.'

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T15:12:17Z

Michael: /* Corporate Partners */

The Global Compact{{ref|1}} was first proposed by United Nations Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] in an address to The World Economic Forum on January 31, 1999.

===Background===

"The Global Compact's operational phase was launched at UN Headquarters in New York on 26 July 2000. The Secretary-General challenged business leaders to join an international initiative - the Global Compact - that would bring companies together with UN agencies, labour and civil society to support nine principles in the areas of human rights, labour and the environment. Through the power of collective action, the Global Compact seeks to advance responsible corporate citizenship so that business can be part of the solution to the challenges of globalisation. In this way, the private sector - in partnership with other social actors - can help realize the Secretary-General's vision: a more sustainable and inclusive global economy.

"Today, hundreds of companies from all regions of the world, international labour and civil society organizations are engaged in the Global Compact. The Global Compact is a direct initiative of the Secretary-General; its staff and operations are lean and flexible.

"The Global Compact is a voluntary corporate citizenship initiative with two objectives:

"Making the Global Compact and its principles part of business strategy and operations."
"Facilitating cooperation among key stakeholders and promoting partnerships in support of U.N. goals."

"To achieve these objectives, the Global Compact offers facilitation and engagement through several mechanisms: Policy Dialogues, Learning, Local Structures and Projects.

"The Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument - it does not police, enforce or measure the behavior or actions of companies. Rather, the Global Compact relies on public accountability, transparency and the enlightened self-interest of companies, labour and civil society to initiate and share substantive action in pursuing the principles upon which the Global Compact is based.

"The Global Compact is a network. At its core are the Global Compact Office and four UN agencies: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Environment Programme; International Labour Organization; United Nations Development Programme. The Global Compact involves all the relevant social actors: governments, who defined the principles on which the initiative is based; companies, whose actions it seeks to influence; labour, in whose hands the concrete process of global production takes place; civil society organizations, representing the wider community of stakeholders; and The United Nations, the world's only truly global political forum, as an authoritative convener and facilitator."

===Corporate Partners===
The membership of the Global Compact Corporate Partners includes the [[Shell]] Oil Company, [[BP]] PLC, [[Nike]] Inc., [[Tio Tinto]] PLC, [[Novartis]], [[Aracruz Cellulose]], [[Aventis]], [[Bayer]], [[BASF]], [[DuPont]], and [[DaimlerChrysler]], identified among some of the companies with "the most egregious human rights and environmental records."[1]fg

===External Links===

* Global Compact Primer.
* DaimlerChrysler and The Global Compact, DaimlerChrysler.
* Kenny Bruno, Perilous Partnerships. The UN's Corporate Outreach Program , Multinational Monitor, March 2000.
* Coalition Says Global Compact Threatens UN Mission And Integrity. Corporate Partners Scrutinized, Common Dreams, July 25, 2000.
* NGO Letter to UN Secretary General on Global Compact re Nike Inc.,Third World Network, July 28, 2000.
* Ellen Paine, The Road to the Global Compact: Corporate Power And The Battle Over Global Public Policy at The United Nations, Global Policy, October 2000. Particularly focuses on think tank opposition to Globalization, i.e. Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute.
* Global Compact with Corporations: "Civil Society" Responds, Women's International Leage for Peace and Freedom, February 15, 2001.
* "Globalization": the UN’s "Safe Haven" for the World’s Marginalized, Laetus in Praesens, March 6, 2001.
* Nityanand Jayaraman, Norsk Hydro: Global Compact Violator, CorpWatchIndia, October 18, 2001.

===References===

#{{note|1}}http://www.unglobalcompact.org/

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T14:50:46Z

Michael: /* External Links */

The Global Compact{{ref|1}} was first proposed by United Nations Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] in an address to The World Economic Forum on January 31, 1999.

===Background===

"The Global Compact's operational phase was launched at UN Headquarters in New York on 26 July 2000. The Secretary-General challenged business leaders to join an international initiative - the Global Compact - that would bring companies together with UN agencies, labour and civil society to support nine principles in the areas of human rights, labour and the environment. Through the power of collective action, the Global Compact seeks to advance responsible corporate citizenship so that business can be part of the solution to the challenges of globalisation. In this way, the private sector - in partnership with other social actors - can help realize the Secretary-General's vision: a more sustainable and inclusive global economy.

"Today, hundreds of companies from all regions of the world, international labour and civil society organizations are engaged in the Global Compact. The Global Compact is a direct initiative of the Secretary-General; its staff and operations are lean and flexible.

"The Global Compact is a voluntary corporate citizenship initiative with two objectives:

"Making the Global Compact and its principles part of business strategy and operations."
"Facilitating cooperation among key stakeholders and promoting partnerships in support of U.N. goals."

"To achieve these objectives, the Global Compact offers facilitation and engagement through several mechanisms: Policy Dialogues, Learning, Local Structures and Projects.

"The Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument - it does not police, enforce or measure the behavior or actions of companies. Rather, the Global Compact relies on public accountability, transparency and the enlightened self-interest of companies, labour and civil society to initiate and share substantive action in pursuing the principles upon which the Global Compact is based.

"The Global Compact is a network. At its core are the Global Compact Office and four UN agencies: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Environment Programme; International Labour Organization; United Nations Development Programme. The Global Compact involves all the relevant social actors: governments, who defined the principles on which the initiative is based; companies, whose actions it seeks to influence; labour, in whose hands the concrete process of global production takes place; civil society organizations, representing the wider community of stakeholders; and The United Nations, the world's only truly global political forum, as an authoritative convener and facilitator."

===Corporate Partners===
The membership of the Global Compact Corporate Partners includes the [[Shell]] Oil Company, [[BP]] PLC, [[Nike]] Inc., [[Tio Tinto]] PLC, [[Novartis]], [[Aracruz Cellulose]], [[Aventis]], [[Bayer]], [[BASF]], [[DuPont]], and [[DaimlerChrysler]], identified among some of the companies with "the most egregious human rights and environmental records."[1]

===External Links===

* Global Compact Primer.
* DaimlerChrysler and The Global Compact, DaimlerChrysler.
* Kenny Bruno, Perilous Partnerships. The UN's Corporate Outreach Program , Multinational Monitor, March 2000.
* Coalition Says Global Compact Threatens UN Mission And Integrity. Corporate Partners Scrutinized, Common Dreams, July 25, 2000.
* NGO Letter to UN Secretary General on Global Compact re Nike Inc.,Third World Network, July 28, 2000.
* Ellen Paine, The Road to the Global Compact: Corporate Power And The Battle Over Global Public Policy at The United Nations, Global Policy, October 2000. Particularly focuses on think tank opposition to Globalization, i.e. Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute.
* Global Compact with Corporations: "Civil Society" Responds, Women's International Leage for Peace and Freedom, February 15, 2001.
* "Globalization": the UN’s "Safe Haven" for the World’s Marginalized, Laetus in Praesens, March 6, 2001.
* Nityanand Jayaraman, Norsk Hydro: Global Compact Violator, CorpWatchIndia, October 18, 2001.

===References===

#{{note|1}}http://www.unglobalcompact.org/

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T14:50:24Z

Michael: /* External Links */

The Global Compact{{ref|1}} was first proposed by United Nations Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] in an address to The World Economic Forum on January 31, 1999.

===Background===

"The Global Compact's operational phase was launched at UN Headquarters in New York on 26 July 2000. The Secretary-General challenged business leaders to join an international initiative - the Global Compact - that would bring companies together with UN agencies, labour and civil society to support nine principles in the areas of human rights, labour and the environment. Through the power of collective action, the Global Compact seeks to advance responsible corporate citizenship so that business can be part of the solution to the challenges of globalisation. In this way, the private sector - in partnership with other social actors - can help realize the Secretary-General's vision: a more sustainable and inclusive global economy.

"Today, hundreds of companies from all regions of the world, international labour and civil society organizations are engaged in the Global Compact. The Global Compact is a direct initiative of the Secretary-General; its staff and operations are lean and flexible.

"The Global Compact is a voluntary corporate citizenship initiative with two objectives:

"Making the Global Compact and its principles part of business strategy and operations."
"Facilitating cooperation among key stakeholders and promoting partnerships in support of U.N. goals."

"To achieve these objectives, the Global Compact offers facilitation and engagement through several mechanisms: Policy Dialogues, Learning, Local Structures and Projects.

"The Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument - it does not police, enforce or measure the behavior or actions of companies. Rather, the Global Compact relies on public accountability, transparency and the enlightened self-interest of companies, labour and civil society to initiate and share substantive action in pursuing the principles upon which the Global Compact is based.

"The Global Compact is a network. At its core are the Global Compact Office and four UN agencies: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Environment Programme; International Labour Organization; United Nations Development Programme. The Global Compact involves all the relevant social actors: governments, who defined the principles on which the initiative is based; companies, whose actions it seeks to influence; labour, in whose hands the concrete process of global production takes place; civil society organizations, representing the wider community of stakeholders; and The United Nations, the world's only truly global political forum, as an authoritative convener and facilitator."

===Corporate Partners===
The membership of the Global Compact Corporate Partners includes the [[Shell]] Oil Company, [[BP]] PLC, [[Nike]] Inc., [[Tio Tinto]] PLC, [[Novartis]], [[Aracruz Cellulose]], [[Aventis]], [[Bayer]], [[BASF]], [[DuPont]], and [[DaimlerChrysler]], identified among some of the companies with "the most egregious human rights and environmental records."[1]

===External Links===

* Global Compact Primer.
* DaimlerChrysler and The Global Compact, DaimlerChrysler.
* Kenny Bruno, Perilous Partnerships. The UN's Corporate Outreach Program , Multinational Monitor, March 2000.
* Coalition Says Global Compact Threatens UN Mission And Integrity. Corporate Partners Scrutinized, Common Dreams, July 25, 2000.
* NGO Letter to UN Secretary General on Global Compact re Nike Inc.,Third World Network, July 28, 2000.
* Ellen Paine, The Road to the Global Compact: Corporate Power And The Battle Over Global Public Policy at The United Nations, Global Policy, October 2000. Particularly focuses on think tank opposition to Globalization, i.e. Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute.
* Global Compact with Corporations: "Civil Society" Responds, Women's International Leage for Peace and Freedom, February 15, 2001.
* "Globalization": the UN’s "Safe Haven" for the World’s Marginalized, Laetus in Praesens, March 6, 2001.
* Nityanand Jayaraman, Norsk Hydro: Global Compact Violator, CorpWatchIndia, October 18, 2001.

===References===

#{{note|1}}http://www.unglobalcompact.org/

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T14:49:04Z

Michael: /* Corporate Partners */

The Global Compact{{ref|1}} was first proposed by United Nations Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] in an address to The World Economic Forum on January 31, 1999.

===Background===

"The Global Compact's operational phase was launched at UN Headquarters in New York on 26 July 2000. The Secretary-General challenged business leaders to join an international initiative - the Global Compact - that would bring companies together with UN agencies, labour and civil society to support nine principles in the areas of human rights, labour and the environment. Through the power of collective action, the Global Compact seeks to advance responsible corporate citizenship so that business can be part of the solution to the challenges of globalisation. In this way, the private sector - in partnership with other social actors - can help realize the Secretary-General's vision: a more sustainable and inclusive global economy.

"Today, hundreds of companies from all regions of the world, international labour and civil society organizations are engaged in the Global Compact. The Global Compact is a direct initiative of the Secretary-General; its staff and operations are lean and flexible.

"The Global Compact is a voluntary corporate citizenship initiative with two objectives:

"Making the Global Compact and its principles part of business strategy and operations."
"Facilitating cooperation among key stakeholders and promoting partnerships in support of U.N. goals."

"To achieve these objectives, the Global Compact offers facilitation and engagement through several mechanisms: Policy Dialogues, Learning, Local Structures and Projects.

"The Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument - it does not police, enforce or measure the behavior or actions of companies. Rather, the Global Compact relies on public accountability, transparency and the enlightened self-interest of companies, labour and civil society to initiate and share substantive action in pursuing the principles upon which the Global Compact is based.

"The Global Compact is a network. At its core are the Global Compact Office and four UN agencies: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Environment Programme; International Labour Organization; United Nations Development Programme. The Global Compact involves all the relevant social actors: governments, who defined the principles on which the initiative is based; companies, whose actions it seeks to influence; labour, in whose hands the concrete process of global production takes place; civil society organizations, representing the wider community of stakeholders; and The United Nations, the world's only truly global political forum, as an authoritative convener and facilitator."

===Corporate Partners===
The membership of the Global Compact Corporate Partners includes the [[Shell]] Oil Company, [[BP]] PLC, [[Nike]] Inc., [[Tio Tinto]] PLC, [[Novartis]], [[Aracruz Cellulose]], [[Aventis]], [[Bayer]], [[BASF]], [[DuPont]], and [[DaimlerChrysler]], identified among some of the companies with "the most egregious human rights and environmental records."[1]

===External Links===

* Global Compact Primer.
* DaimlerChrysler and The Global Compact, DaimlerChrysler.
* Kenny Bruno, Perilous Partnerships. The UN's Corporate Outreach Program , Multinational Monitor, March 2000.
* Coalition Says Global Compact Threatens UN Mission And Integrity. Corporate Partners Scrutinized, Common Dreams, July 25, 2000.
* NGO Letter to UN Secretary General on Global Compact re Nike Inc.,Third World Network, July 28, 2000.
* Ellen Paine, The Road to the Global Compact: Corporate Power And The Battle Over Global Public Policy at The United Nations, Global Policy, October 2000. Particularly focuses on think tank opposition to Globalization, i.e. Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute.
* Global Compact with Corporations: "Civil Society" Responds, Women's International Leage for Peace and Freedom, February 15, 2001.
* "Globalization": the UN’s "Safe Haven" for the World’s Marginalized, Laetus in Praesens, March 6, 2001.
* Nityanand Jayaraman, Norsk Hydro: Global Compact Violator, CorpWatchIndia, October 18, 2001.

===References===

#{{note|1}}http://www.unglobalcompact.org/

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T14:46:38Z

Michael:

The Global Compact{{ref|1}} was first proposed by United Nations Secretary-General [[Kofi Annan]] in an address to The World Economic Forum on January 31, 1999.

===Background===

"The Global Compact's operational phase was launched at UN Headquarters in New York on 26 July 2000. The Secretary-General challenged business leaders to join an international initiative - the Global Compact - that would bring companies together with UN agencies, labour and civil society to support nine principles in the areas of human rights, labour and the environment. Through the power of collective action, the Global Compact seeks to advance responsible corporate citizenship so that business can be part of the solution to the challenges of globalisation. In this way, the private sector - in partnership with other social actors - can help realize the Secretary-General's vision: a more sustainable and inclusive global economy.

"Today, hundreds of companies from all regions of the world, international labour and civil society organizations are engaged in the Global Compact. The Global Compact is a direct initiative of the Secretary-General; its staff and operations are lean and flexible.

"The Global Compact is a voluntary corporate citizenship initiative with two objectives:

"Making the Global Compact and its principles part of business strategy and operations."
"Facilitating cooperation among key stakeholders and promoting partnerships in support of U.N. goals."

"To achieve these objectives, the Global Compact offers facilitation and engagement through several mechanisms: Policy Dialogues, Learning, Local Structures and Projects.

"The Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument - it does not police, enforce or measure the behavior or actions of companies. Rather, the Global Compact relies on public accountability, transparency and the enlightened self-interest of companies, labour and civil society to initiate and share substantive action in pursuing the principles upon which the Global Compact is based.

"The Global Compact is a network. At its core are the Global Compact Office and four UN agencies: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Environment Programme; International Labour Organization; United Nations Development Programme. The Global Compact involves all the relevant social actors: governments, who defined the principles on which the initiative is based; companies, whose actions it seeks to influence; labour, in whose hands the concrete process of global production takes place; civil society organizations, representing the wider community of stakeholders; and The United Nations, the world's only truly global political forum, as an authoritative convener and facilitator."

===Corporate Partners===
The membership of the Global Compact Corporate Partners includes the Shell Oil Company, BP PLC, Nike Inc., Tio Tinto PLC, Novartis, Aracruz Cellulose, Aventis, Bayer, BASF, DuPont, and DaimlerChrysler, identified among some of the companies with "the most egregious human rights and environmental records."[1]
[edit]
Other SourceWatch Resources

* Global Compact
* Globalization

===External Links===

* Global Compact Primer.
* DaimlerChrysler and The Global Compact, DaimlerChrysler.
* Kenny Bruno, Perilous Partnerships. The UN's Corporate Outreach Program , Multinational Monitor, March 2000.
* Coalition Says Global Compact Threatens UN Mission And Integrity. Corporate Partners Scrutinized, Common Dreams, July 25, 2000.
* NGO Letter to UN Secretary General on Global Compact re Nike Inc.,Third World Network, July 28, 2000.
* Ellen Paine, The Road to the Global Compact: Corporate Power And The Battle Over Global Public Policy at The United Nations, Global Policy, October 2000. Particularly focuses on think tank opposition to Globalization, i.e. Heritage Foundation and Cato Institute.
* Global Compact with Corporations: "Civil Society" Responds, Women's International Leage for Peace and Freedom, February 15, 2001.
* "Globalization": the UN’s "Safe Haven" for the World’s Marginalized, Laetus in Praesens, March 6, 2001.
* Nityanand Jayaraman, Norsk Hydro: Global Compact Violator, CorpWatchIndia, October 18, 2001.

===References===

#{{note|1}}http://www.unglobalcompact.org/

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T14:44:32Z

Michael:

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T14:42:34Z

Michael:

UN Global Compact

2007-03-23T14:40:57Z

Michael:

The Global Compact was first proposed by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in an address to The World Economic Forum on January 31, 1999.
[edit]
Background

"The Global Compact's operational phase was launched at UN Headquarters in New York on 26 July 2000. The Secretary-General challenged business leaders to join an international initiative - the Global Compact - that would bring companies together with UN agencies, labour and civil society to support nine principles in the areas of human rights, labour and the environment. Through the power of collective action, the Global Compact seeks to advance responsible corporate citizenship so that business can be part of the solution to the challenges of globalisation. In this way, the private sector - in partnership with other social actors - can help realize the Secretary-General's vision: a more sustainable and inclusive global economy.

"Today, hundreds of companies from all regions of the world, international labour and civil society organizations are engaged in the Global Compact. The Global Compact is a direct initiative of the Secretary-General; its staff and operations are lean and flexible.

"The Global Compact is a voluntary corporate citizenship initiative with two objectives:

"Making the Global Compact and its principles part of business strategy and operations
"Facilitating cooperation among key stakeholders and promoting partnerships in support of U.N. goals

"To achieve these objectives, the Global Compact offers facilitation and engagement through several mechanisms: Policy Dialogues, Learning, Local Structures and Projects.

"The Global Compact is not a regulatory instrument - it does not police, enforce or measure the behavior or actions of companies. Rather, the Global Compact relies on public accountability, transparency and the enlightened self-interest of companies, labour and civil society to initiate and share substantive action in pursuing the principles upon which the Global Compact is based.

"The Global Compact is a network. At its core are the Global Compact Office and four UN agencies: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights; United Nations Environment Programme; International Labour Organization; United Nations Development Programme. The Global Compact involves all the relevant social actors: governments, who defined the principles on which the initiative is based; companies, whose actions it seeks to influence; labour, in whose hands the concrete process of global production takes place; civil society organizations, representing the wider community of stakeholders; and The United Nations, the world's only truly global political forum, as an authoritative convener and facilitator."

===References===

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/

Priority profiles

2007-03-22T11:17:53Z

Michael: /* People */

==Pages that need checking and editing==
===Fact checking and referencing needed===

*[[British American Tobacco: Lobbying]]

*[[British American Tobacco: Advertising]]
*[[British American Tobacco: Third World Production]]
*[[BAe Systems]] references need tidied up
*[[BAe Systems: Products/Projects]] "
*[[BAe Systems: Who, Where, How much?]]"
*[[British Roads Federation]] needs references

===need editing/rewriting===
*[[Alfred Milner]]
*[[Annabel Hughes]] to be done by Eveline
*[[Association of Scottish Public Affairs]] needs filled out a little - to be done by/with Will
*[[Margaret 'Meta' Ramsay]] needs a little tidying up and some sections moved to other pages
*[[Brian Basham]] needs a little filling out. The further reading cvould be used to start this and then transformed into full references rather than just URLs

===tone and language need attention===
*[[Barney Jones]]
*[[Baroness Chalker of Wallasey]]

===referencing needs attention===
*[[Tom Cowie]] reference needed to Tory party donations
*[[Asia-Pacific Foundation]] referencing and content need attention.
*[[Sandra Macleod]], lots of references in this page need changed to the footnote system.
*[[Bernard Marantelli]] footnotes need added. excess para breaks removed, maybe updating?
*[[Bernd Halling]] ref needed and update?
*[[British Commonwealth Union]] footnotes from Mike Hughes book need to be included.
*[[Cato Institute]] references need wikified
*[[British Satellite News]] references from original spinwatch article need inserted

===formatting needed===
*[[Attack is the best defence]] "With more than Li million a year that they put aside for anti-sugar propaganda," - check figure from book
*[[Balfour Beatty]]
*[[Bayer]]
*[[Bill Macfarlane Smith]] footnotes added with proper formatting
*[[Brian Heap]] excess para break removal needed and some referencing

==Needs wikified==
*[[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] needs wiki links
*[[Barclays]]
*[[Better Regulation Task Force]] maybe a reference or two
*[[Bibliothèque Solvay]] strange charcter removal and wikified links needed
*[[Big Business and the Moderates]] £ signs and wiki links needed
*[[British Consultants and Construction Bureau]] names need wiki links

==Transnational power==

*[[Global Business Dialogue on e-commerce]]- GBDe
*[[International Chamber of Commerce]] needs editing

*[[UN Global Compact]]

==Food spin targets==

*[[British Nutrition Foundation]]

==Trade press==

*[[European Voice]]

==Academic connections==

*[[Justin Greenwood]]
*[[Robin Pedler]]

==Key lobbyists==

*[[Stanley Crossick]]

*[[Christian De Fouloy]]
*[[Gerry Wade]]
*[[MPAA]]

==Climate Change deniers==

===People===

==New Labour networks==

*[[Centre for Reform]]

*[[Institute for Fiscal Studies]] [http://www.ifs.org.uk/]
*[[Localis]]
*[[New Frontiers Foundation]]

==Universities==
*[[London School of Economics]]

==Scottish PR and lobbying firms==

*[[Barkers Public Relations]]

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:16:24Z

Michael: /* External Links */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want".{{ref|2}}

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===External Links===
*"[http://geography.asu.edu/balling/ Balling Central] ", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"[http://web.archive.org/web/20000416151701/www.greeningearthsociety.org/advisors.htm#Robert Scientific advisors]," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "[http://www.goldwaterinstitute.org/article.php?/1010.html Gorey Details]", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:16:07Z

Michael: /* External Links */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want".{{ref|2}}

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===External Links===
*"[http://geography.asu.edu/balling/ Balling Central] ", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"[http://web.archive.org/web/20000416151701/www.greeningearthsociety.org/advisors.htm#Robert Scientific advisors]," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "[http://www.goldwaterinstitute.org/article.php?/1010.html] Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:15:15Z

Michael: /* External Links */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want".{{ref|2}}

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===External Links===
*"[http://geography.asu.edu/balling/ Balling Central] ", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"[http://web.archive.org/web/20000416151701/www.greeningearthsociety.org/advisors.htm#Robert Scientific advisors]," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:14:18Z

Michael: /* External Links */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want".{{ref|2}}

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===External Links===
*"[http://geography.asu.edu/balling/ Balling Central] ", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"Scientific advisors," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:12:46Z

Michael: /* External Links */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want".{{ref|2}}

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===External Links===
*"Balling Central", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"Scientific advisors," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:12:10Z

Michael: /* Contact information */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want".{{ref|2}}

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

==External Links==

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

*"Balling Central", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"Scientific advisors," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:10:19Z

Michael: /* Controversial Relations and Positions */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want".{{ref|2}}

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

*"Balling Central", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"Scientific advisors," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:09:43Z

Michael: /* References */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want". [2]

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
#{{note|2}}http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_33/b3896001_mz001.htm, John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.

*"Balling Central", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*"Scientific advisors," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:07:08Z

Michael: /* Controversial Relations and Positions */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC.{{ref|1}}

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want". [2]

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
*"Balling Central", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.
*"Scientific advisors," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

Robert Balling Jr.

2007-03-22T11:05:55Z

Michael: /* External link */

==Background==
=== Education ===
:1974: AB, Wittenberg University
:1975: MA, Bowling Green State University
:1979: PhD in geography from the University of Oklahoma
===Controversial Relations and Positions===
Balling has acknowledged that he had received $408,000 in research funding from the fossil fuel industry over the last decade (of which his University takes 50% for overhead). Contributors include ExxonMobil, the British Coal Corporation, Cyprus Minerals and OPEC. [1]

His views have led to his enthusiastic adoption by various members of the free-market extremist [[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] network. He writes regularly for the [[Cato Institute]], [[Tech Central Station]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].

His writings find him regularly in the company of other prominent climate change sceptics, including [[Sallie L. Baliunas]], and [[S. Fred Singer]] of the [[Science and Environmental Policy Project]].

In August 2004 Balling told ''Business Week'' "I'm convinced there will be engineering schemes that will allow our children's children to have whatever climate they want". [2]

===Books===
*Robert C. Balling, ''The Heated debate: greenhouse predictions versus climate reality'', [[Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy]], April 1992, ISBN 0936488476
*Robert C. Balling, Martin A. J. Williams, ''Interactions of Desertification & Climate'', Oxford University Press, October 1995, ISBN 0340632178
*Patrick J. Michaels and Robert C. Balling, ''The Satanic Gases: clearing the air about global warming, National Book Network'', 2000 ASIN: 1882577914

===Affiliations===

:[[European Academy for Environmental Affairs]]
:[[European Science and Environment Forum]]
:[[Environment & Climate News]] (Heartland Institute), Contributing Editor
:[[Greening Earth Society]], Advisor
:[[International Policy Network]]

===Contact information===
:Phone: (480) 965-6265
:Fax: (480) 965-1473
:E-mail: robert.balling AT asu.edu
:Website [http://geography.asu.edu/balling/]

===References===
#{{note|1}}http://www.news-council.org/Outcomes/outcomes_det-118.html, Minnesota News Council, Determination 118 ("In the Matter of the Complaint of Drs. Patrick Michaels and Robert Balling against The Star Tribune"), April 16, 1998
*"Balling Central", Robert Balling home page, accessed Dec 2003
*John Carey, "Global Warming", Business Week, August 16, 2004.
*"Scientific advisors," Greening Earth Society
*Robert Balling, "Gorey Details", Goldwater Institute News, May 26, 2006
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Balling Robert C. Balling], Wikipedia

Priority profiles

2007-03-22T10:58:06Z

Michael: /* Food spin targets */

==Pages that need checking and editing==
===Fact checking and referencing needed===

*[[British American Tobacco: Lobbying]]

*[[British American Tobacco: Advertising]]
*[[British American Tobacco: Third World Production]]
*[[BAe Systems]] references need tidied up
*[[BAe Systems: Products/Projects]] "
*[[BAe Systems: Who, Where, How much?]]"
*[[British Roads Federation]] needs references

===need editing/rewriting===
*[[Alfred Milner]]
*[[Annabel Hughes]] to be done by Eveline
*[[Association of Scottish Public Affairs]] needs filled out a little - to be done by/with Will
*[[Margaret 'Meta' Ramsay]] needs a little tidying up and some sections moved to other pages
*[[Brian Basham]] needs a little filling out. The further reading cvould be used to start this and then transformed into full references rather than just URLs

===tone and language need attention===
*[[Barney Jones]]
*[[Baroness Chalker of Wallasey]]

===referencing needs attention===
*[[Tom Cowie]] reference needed to Tory party donations
*[[Asia-Pacific Foundation]] referencing and content need attention.
*[[Sandra Macleod]], lots of references in this page need changed to the footnote system.
*[[Bernard Marantelli]] footnotes need added. excess para breaks removed, maybe updating?
*[[Bernd Halling]] ref needed and update?
*[[British Commonwealth Union]] footnotes from Mike Hughes book need to be included.
*[[Cato Institute]] references need wikified
*[[British Satellite News]] references from original spinwatch article need inserted

===formatting needed===
*[[Attack is the best defence]] "With more than Li million a year that they put aside for anti-sugar propaganda," - check figure from book
*[[Balfour Beatty]]
*[[Bayer]]
*[[Bill Macfarlane Smith]] footnotes added with proper formatting
*[[Brian Heap]] excess para break removal needed and some referencing

==Needs wikified==
*[[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] needs wiki links
*[[Barclays]]
*[[Better Regulation Task Force]] maybe a reference or two
*[[Bibliothèque Solvay]] strange charcter removal and wikified links needed
*[[Big Business and the Moderates]] £ signs and wiki links needed
*[[British Consultants and Construction Bureau]] names need wiki links

==Transnational power==

*[[Global Business Dialogue on e-commerce]]- GBDe
*[[International Chamber of Commerce]] needs editing

*[[UN Global Compact]]

==Food spin targets==

*[[British Nutrition Foundation]]

==Trade press==

*[[European Voice]]

==Academic connections==

*[[Justin Greenwood]]
*[[Robin Pedler]]

==Key lobbyists==

*[[Stanley Crossick]]

*[[Christian De Fouloy]]
*[[Gerry Wade]]
*[[MPAA]]

==Climate Change deniers==

===People===
*[[Robert Balling]]

==New Labour networks==

*[[Centre for Reform]]

*[[Institute for Fiscal Studies]] [http://www.ifs.org.uk/]
*[[Localis]]
*[[New Frontiers Foundation]]

==Universities==
*[[London School of Economics]]

==Scottish PR and lobbying firms==

*[[Barkers Public Relations]]

European Science and Environment Forum

2007-03-22T10:57:06Z

Michael:

[[Roger Bate]] co-founded the European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF) with Dr [[John Emsley]] and Professor [[Frits B�ttcher]]. A year earlier Bate had founded the Environment Unit of the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] (IEA).

Amongst the ESEF's publications is Fearing Food: Risk, Health and Environment, co-edited by Bate and [[Julian Morris]]. The IEA website comments: 'In the latest ESEF book, Fearing Food, new agricultural and food technologies, including genetic engineering, are shown to be generally beneficial both to health and to the environment.' Contributors to the book included [[Michael Wilson]], [[John Hillman]] and [[Dennis Avery]].

Bate also directed and presented the BBC2 Counterblast programme 'Organic Food: The Modern Myth' (BBC2, 31 Jan 2000) in his role as Director of the European Science and Environment Forum.

In its mission statement on its original website{{ref|1}}, the ESEF described itself as 'a non-partisan group of scientists' and claimed, 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, '''the ESEF does not accept outside funding from whatever source''', the only income it receives is from the sale of its publications'. (emphasis added)

However, documents released by tobacco giant [[Sourcewatch:Philip Morris|Philip Morris]] show that ESEF was established with money from the tobacco industry - solicited by Bate. As Big Tobacco's European front organization, their task{{ref|2}} was to smuggle tobacco advocacy into a larger bundle of 'sound science' issues, including 'restrictions on the use of biotechnology.'

Shortly after the Philip Morris revelations the original ESEF website was taken down. It has subsequently been relaunched with a different domain name{{ref|3}} and now says{{ref|4}}, 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, the ESEF accepts funding from a wide variety of sources, except government donations.' The 'wide variety of sources' are not disclosed.

[[Bill Durodie]] of the [[Living Marxism]] network is among the authors most published by ESEF (Poisonous Dummies, Poisonous Propaganda, The Demoralisation of Science).

Bate's IEA Environment Unit co-director, [[Julian Morris]], ostensibly had no direct connection with ESEF, but an ESEF domain inquiry prior to the disappearance of the original website revealed the following:

[whois.networksolutions.com:43]

Registrant: European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF-DOM) UK

Domain Name: ESEF.ORG

'''Administrative Contact: Morris, Julian''' (JM4309) 101603.3004@COMPUSERVE.COM

European Science and Environment Forum

Kersfield Road

London, SW15 3HE

Given the Big Tobacco connection, it is perhaps no surprise to find the Director of the campaign group Action on Smoking and Health complaining that, 'Roger Bate of the Institute of Economic Affairs produces new variants of the familiar argument of the tobacco industry'. In pursuing the question of 'who is funding this work at the IEA' ASH noted ESEF's role:

'The organiser of the seminar at the IEA, Roger Bate is also a key member of something called the "European Science and Environment Forum". This body has recently published analysis that amounts to an attack on... findings on passive smoking.'

ASH also noted{{ref|5}} that tobacco research was not the only area where these players had been involved in jointly promoting dubious science for corporate purposes:

'Both Bate, the ESEF and the IEA have had a dry run for their work on tobacco. Roger Bate came to fame as the author of an IEA book dismissing the widespread scientific consensus on global warming "Global warming or hot air?". The ESEF also published a book of so-called sceptical science - this was the work of a small group of scientists. The word 'sceptical' dignifies something that was much more cynical. The aim was to create controversy and deflect public policy measures to combat climate change - something very similar appears to be happening with tobacco.'

==References==

#{{note|1}}http://web.archive.org/web/19971224164327/esef.org/mission.htm
#{{note|2}}http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=European_Science_and_Environment_Forum
#{{note|3}}http://www.scienceforum.net/
#{{note|4}}http://www.scienceforum.net/esef.htm
#{{note|5}}http://www.ash.org.uk/html/press/980420b.html

European Science and Environment Forum

2007-03-22T10:55:33Z

Michael:

[[Roger Bate]] co-founded the European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF) with Dr [[John Emsley]] and Professor [[Frits B�ttcher]]. A year earlier Bate had founded the Environment Unit of the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] (IEA).

Amongst the ESEF's publications is Fearing Food: Risk, Health and Environment, co-edited by Bate and [[Julian Morris]]. The IEA website comments: 'In the latest ESEF book, Fearing Food, new agricultural and food technologies, including genetic engineering, are shown to be generally beneficial both to health and to the environment.' Contributors to the book included [[Michael Wilson]], [[John Hillman]] and [[Dennis Avery]].

Bate also directed and presented the BBC2 Counterblast programme 'Organic Food: The Modern Myth' (BBC2, 31 Jan 2000) in his role as Director of the European Science and Environment Forum.

In its mission statement on its original website{{ref|1}}, the ESEF described itself as 'a non-partisan group of scientists' and claimed, 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, '''the ESEF does not accept outside funding from whatever source''', the only income it receives is from the sale of its publications'. (emphasis added)

However, documents released by tobacco giant [[Sourcewatch:Philip Morris|Philip Morris]] show that ESEF was established with money from the tobacco industry - solicited by Bate. As Big Tobacco's European front organization, their task{{ref|2}} was to smuggle tobacco advocacy into a larger bundle of 'sound science' issues, including 'restrictions on the use of biotechnology.'

Shortly after the Philip Morris revelations the original ESEF website was taken down. It has subsequently been relaunched with a different domain name{{ref|3}} and now says{{ref|4}}, 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, the ESEF accepts funding from a wide variety of sources, except government donations.' The 'wide variety of sources' are not disclosed.

[[Bill Durodie]] of the [[Living Marxism]] network is among the authors most published by ESEF (Poisonous Dummies, Poisonous Propaganda, The Demoralisation of Science).

Bate's IEA Environment Unit co-director, [[Julian Morris]], ostensibly had no direct connection with ESEF, but an ESEF domain inquiry prior to the disappearance of the original website revealed the following:

[whois.networksolutions.com:43]

Registrant: European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF-DOM) UK

Domain Name: ESEF.ORG

'''Administrative Contact: Morris, Julian''' (JM4309) 101603.3004@COMPUSERVE.COM

European Science and Environment Forum

Kersfield Road

London, SW15 3HE

Given the Big Tobacco connection, it is perhaps no surprise to find the Director of the campaign group Action on Smoking and Health complaining that, 'Roger Bate of the Institute of Economic Affairs produces new variants of the familiar argument of the tobacco industry'. In pursuing the question of 'who is funding this work at the IEA' ASH noted ESEF's role:

'The organiser of the seminar at the IEA, Roger Bate is also a key member of something called the "European Science and Environment Forum". This body has recently published analysis that amounts to an attack on... findings on passive smoking.'

[http://www.ash.org.uk/html/press/980420b.html ASH also noted] that tobacco research was not the only area where these players had been involved in jointly promoting dubious science for corporate purposes:

'Both Bate, the ESEF and the IEA have had a dry run for their work on tobacco. Roger Bate came to fame as the author of an IEA book dismissing the widespread scientific consensus on global warming "Global warming or hot air?". The ESEF also published a book of so-called sceptical science - this was the work of a small group of scientists. The word 'sceptical' dignifies something that was much more cynical. The aim was to create controversy and deflect public policy measures to combat climate change - something very similar appears to be happening with tobacco.'

==References==

#{{note|1}}http://web.archive.org/web/19971224164327/esef.org/mission.htm
#{{note|2}}http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=European_Science_and_Environment_Forum
#{{note|3}}http://www.scienceforum.net/
#{{note|4}}http://www.scienceforum.net/esef.htm

European Science and Environment Forum

2007-03-22T10:53:38Z

Michael:

[[Roger Bate]] co-founded the European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF) with Dr [[John Emsley]] and Professor [[Frits B�ttcher]]. A year earlier Bate had founded the Environment Unit of the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] (IEA).

Amongst the ESEF's publications is Fearing Food: Risk, Health and Environment, co-edited by Bate and [[Julian Morris]]. The IEA website comments: 'In the latest ESEF book, Fearing Food, new agricultural and food technologies, including genetic engineering, are shown to be generally beneficial both to health and to the environment.' Contributors to the book included [[Michael Wilson]], [[John Hillman]] and [[Dennis Avery]].

Bate also directed and presented the BBC2 Counterblast programme 'Organic Food: The Modern Myth' (BBC2, 31 Jan 2000) in his role as Director of the European Science and Environment Forum.

In its mission statement on its original website{{ref|1}}, the ESEF described itself as 'a non-partisan group of scientists' and claimed, 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, '''the ESEF does not accept outside funding from whatever source''', the only income it receives is from the sale of its publications'. (emphasis added)

However, documents released by tobacco giant [[Sourcewatch:Philip Morris|Philip Morris]] show that ESEF was established with money from the tobacco industry - solicited by Bate. As Big Tobacco's European front organization, task{{ref|2}} was to smuggle tobacco advocacy into a larger bundle of 'sound science' issues, including 'restrictions on the use of biotechnology.'

Shortly after the Philip Morris revelations the original ESEF website was taken down. It has subsequently been relaunched with a [http://www.scienceforum.net/ different domain name] and now [http://www.scienceforum.net/esef.htm says], 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, the ESEF accepts funding from a wide variety of sources, except government donations.' The 'wide variety of sources' are not disclosed.

[[Bill Durodie]] of the [[Living Marxism]] network is among the authors most published by ESEF (Poisonous Dummies, Poisonous Propaganda, The Demoralisation of Science).

Bate's IEA Environment Unit co-director, [[Julian Morris]], ostensibly had no direct connection with ESEF, but an ESEF domain inquiry prior to the disappearance of the original website revealed the following:

[whois.networksolutions.com:43]

Registrant: European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF-DOM) UK

Domain Name: ESEF.ORG

'''Administrative Contact: Morris, Julian''' (JM4309) 101603.3004@COMPUSERVE.COM

European Science and Environment Forum

Kersfield Road

London, SW15 3HE

Given the Big Tobacco connection, it is perhaps no surprise to find the Director of the campaign group Action on Smoking and Health complaining that, 'Roger Bate of the Institute of Economic Affairs produces new variants of the familiar argument of the tobacco industry'. In pursuing the question of 'who is funding this work at the IEA' ASH noted ESEF's role:

'The organiser of the seminar at the IEA, Roger Bate is also a key member of something called the "European Science and Environment Forum". This body has recently published analysis that amounts to an attack on... findings on passive smoking.'

[http://www.ash.org.uk/html/press/980420b.html ASH also noted] that tobacco research was not the only area where these players had been involved in jointly promoting dubious science for corporate purposes:

'Both Bate, the ESEF and the IEA have had a dry run for their work on tobacco. Roger Bate came to fame as the author of an IEA book dismissing the widespread scientific consensus on global warming "Global warming or hot air?". The ESEF also published a book of so-called sceptical science - this was the work of a small group of scientists. The word 'sceptical' dignifies something that was much more cynical. The aim was to create controversy and deflect public policy measures to combat climate change - something very similar appears to be happening with tobacco.'

==References==

#{{note|1}}http://web.archive.org/web/19971224164327/esef.org/mission.htm
#{{note|2}}http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=European_Science_and_Environment_Forum

European Science and Environment Forum

2007-03-22T10:50:50Z

Michael:

[[Roger Bate]] co-founded the European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF) with Dr [[John Emsley]] and Professor [[Frits B�ttcher]]. A year earlier Bate had founded the Environment Unit of the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]] (IEA).

Amongst the ESEF's publications is Fearing Food: Risk, Health and Environment, co-edited by Bate and [[Julian Morris]]. The IEA website comments: 'In the latest ESEF book, Fearing Food, new agricultural and food technologies, including genetic engineering, are shown to be generally beneficial both to health and to the environment.' Contributors to the book included [[Michael Wilson]], [[John Hillman]] and [[Dennis Avery]].

Bate also directed and presented the BBC2 Counterblast programme 'Organic Food: The Modern Myth' (BBC2, 31 Jan 2000) in his role as Director of the European Science and Environment Forum.

In its mission statement on its original website{{ref|1}}, the ESEF described itself as 'a non-partisan group of scientists' and claimed, 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, '''the ESEF does not accept outside funding from whatever source''', the only income it receives is from the sale of its publications'. (emphasis added)

However, documents released by tobacco giant [[Sourcewatch:Philip Morris|Philip Morris]] show that ESEF was established with money from the tobacco industry - solicited by Bate. As Big Tobacco's European front organization, [http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=European_Science_and_Environment_Forum ESEF's task] was to smuggle tobacco advocacy into a larger bundle of 'sound science' issues, including 'restrictions on the use of biotechnology.'

Shortly after the Philip Morris revelations the original ESEF website was taken down. It has subsequently been relaunched with a [http://www.scienceforum.net/ different domain name] and now [http://www.scienceforum.net/esef.htm says], 'To maintain its independence and impartiality, the ESEF accepts funding from a wide variety of sources, except government donations.' The 'wide variety of sources' are not disclosed.

[[Bill Durodie]] of the [[Living Marxism]] network is among the authors most published by ESEF (Poisonous Dummies, Poisonous Propaganda, The Demoralisation of Science).

Bate's IEA Environment Unit co-director, [[Julian Morris]], ostensibly had no direct connection with ESEF, but an ESEF domain inquiry prior to the disappearance of the original website revealed the following:

[whois.networksolutions.com:43]

Registrant: European Science and Environment Forum (ESEF-DOM) UK

Domain Name: ESEF.ORG

'''Administrative Contact: Morris, Julian''' (JM4309) 101603.3004@COMPUSERVE.COM

European Science and Environment Forum

Kersfield Road

London, SW15 3HE

Given the Big Tobacco connection, it is perhaps no surprise to find the Director of the campaign group Action on Smoking and Health complaining that, 'Roger Bate of the Institute of Economic Affairs produces new variants of the familiar argument of the tobacco industry'. In pursuing the question of 'who is funding this work at the IEA' ASH noted ESEF's role:

'The organiser of the seminar at the IEA, Roger Bate is also a key member of something called the "European Science and Environment Forum". This body has recently published analysis that amounts to an attack on... findings on passive smoking.'

[http://www.ash.org.uk/html/press/980420b.html ASH also noted] that tobacco research was not the only area where these players had been involved in jointly promoting dubious science for corporate purposes:

'Both Bate, the ESEF and the IEA have had a dry run for their work on tobacco. Roger Bate came to fame as the author of an IEA book dismissing the widespread scientific consensus on global warming "Global warming or hot air?". The ESEF also published a book of so-called sceptical science - this was the work of a small group of scientists. The word 'sceptical' dignifies something that was much more cynical. The aim was to create controversy and deflect public policy measures to combat climate change - something very similar appears to be happening with tobacco.'

==References==

#{{note|1}}http://web.archive.org/web/19971224164327/esef.org/mission.htm

Priority profiles

2007-03-22T10:42:17Z

Michael: /* Food spin targets */

==Pages that need checking and editing==
===Fact checking and referencing needed===

*[[British American Tobacco: Lobbying]]

*[[British American Tobacco: Advertising]]
*[[British American Tobacco: Third World Production]]
*[[BAe Systems]] references need tidied up
*[[BAe Systems: Products/Projects]] "
*[[BAe Systems: Who, Where, How much?]]"
*[[British Roads Federation]] needs references

===need editing/rewriting===
*[[Alfred Milner]]
*[[Annabel Hughes]] to be done by Eveline
*[[Association of Scottish Public Affairs]] needs filled out a little - to be done by/with Will
*[[Margaret 'Meta' Ramsay]] needs a little tidying up and some sections moved to other pages
*[[Brian Basham]] needs a little filling out. The further reading cvould be used to start this and then transformed into full references rather than just URLs

===tone and language need attention===
*[[Barney Jones]]
*[[Baroness Chalker of Wallasey]]

===referencing needs attention===
*[[Tom Cowie]] reference needed to Tory party donations
*[[Asia-Pacific Foundation]] referencing and content need attention.
*[[Sandra Macleod]], lots of references in this page need changed to the footnote system.
*[[Bernard Marantelli]] footnotes need added. excess para breaks removed, maybe updating?
*[[Bernd Halling]] ref needed and update?
*[[British Commonwealth Union]] footnotes from Mike Hughes book need to be included.
*[[Cato Institute]] references need wikified
*[[British Satellite News]] references from original spinwatch article need inserted

===formatting needed===
*[[Attack is the best defence]] "With more than Li million a year that they put aside for anti-sugar propaganda," - check figure from book
*[[Balfour Beatty]]
*[[Bayer]]
*[[Bill Macfarlane Smith]] footnotes added with proper formatting
*[[Brian Heap]] excess para break removal needed and some referencing

==Needs wikified==
*[[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] needs wiki links
*[[Barclays]]
*[[Better Regulation Task Force]] maybe a reference or two
*[[Bibliothèque Solvay]] strange charcter removal and wikified links needed
*[[Big Business and the Moderates]] £ signs and wiki links needed
*[[British Consultants and Construction Bureau]] names need wiki links

==Transnational power==

*[[Global Business Dialogue on e-commerce]]- GBDe
*[[International Chamber of Commerce]] needs editing

*[[UN Global Compact]]

==Food spin targets==

*[[British Nutrition Foundation]]

*[[European Science and Environment Forum]]

==Trade press==

*[[European Voice]]

==Academic connections==

*[[Justin Greenwood]]
*[[Robin Pedler]]

==Key lobbyists==

*[[Stanley Crossick]]

*[[Christian De Fouloy]]
*[[Gerry Wade]]
*[[MPAA]]

==Climate Change deniers==

===People===
*[[Robert Balling]]

==New Labour networks==

*[[Centre for Reform]]

*[[Institute for Fiscal Studies]] [http://www.ifs.org.uk/]
*[[Localis]]
*[[New Frontiers Foundation]]

==Universities==
*[[London School of Economics]]

==Scottish PR and lobbying firms==

*[[Barkers Public Relations]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:41:16Z

Michael:

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. {{ref|1}}
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada{{ref|2}} which is also funded by
transnational corporations {{ref|3}}.

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK{{ref|4}}

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertising Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN{{ref|5}}

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]]{{ref|6}} [] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] {{ref|7}}, both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|8}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|9}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry {{ref|10}} by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
{{ref|11}}

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html
#{{note|2}}http://www.cca-kids.ca/
#{{note|3}}http://cca-kids.ca/about_who/members.html
#{{note|4}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html
#{{note|5}}http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk
#{{note|6}}http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp
#{{note|7}}http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm
#{{note|8}}[http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
#{{note|9}}[http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]
#{{note|10}}http://www.denic.de
#{{note|11}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:38:57Z

Michael:

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. {{ref|1}}
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada{{ref|2}} which is also funded by
transnational corporations {{ref|3}}.

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK{{ref|4}}

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertising Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN{{ref|5}}

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]]{{ref|6}} [] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] {{ref|7}}, both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|8}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|9}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry [http://www.denic.de] by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
[http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html]

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html
#{{note|2}}http://www.cca-kids.ca/
#{{note|3}}http://cca-kids.ca/about_who/members.html
#{{note|4}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html
#{{note|5}}http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk
#{{note|6}}http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp
#{{note|7}}http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm
#{{note|8}}[http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
#{{note|9}}[http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:34:42Z

Michael:

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. {{ref|1}}
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada{{ref|2}} which is also funded by
transnational corporations {{ref|3}}.

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK{{ref|4}}

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertising Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN{{ref|5}}

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]] [http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] [http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm], both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|APPC}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|APCO2}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry [http://www.denic.de] by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
[http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html]

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html
#{{note|2}}http://www.cca-kids.ca/
#{{note|3}}http://cca-kids.ca/about_who/members.html
#{{note|4}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html
#{{note|5}}http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk

*{{note|APPC}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
*{{note|APPC2}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:31:30Z

Michael: /* References */

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. {{ref|1}}
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada{{ref|2}} which is also funded by
transnational corporations {{ref|3}}.

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK [http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html]

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertsing Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN
[http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk]

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]] [http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] [http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm], both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|APPC}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|APCO2}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry [http://www.denic.de] by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
[http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html]

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html
#{{note|2}}http://www.cca-kids.ca/
#{{note|3}}http://cca-kids.ca/about_who/members.html

*{{note|APPC}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
*{{note|APPC2}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:31:11Z

Michael: /* History and Origins of Mediasmart */

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. {{ref|1}}
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada{{ref|2}} which is also funded by
transnational corporations {{ref|3}}.

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK [http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html]

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertsing Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN
[http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk]

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]] [http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] [http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm], both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|APPC}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|APCO2}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry [http://www.denic.de] by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
[http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html]

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html
#{{note|2}}http://www.cca-kids.ca/

*{{note|APPC}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
*{{note|APPC2}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:30:08Z

Michael: /* References */

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. {{ref|1}}
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada [http://www.cca-kids.ca] which is also funded by
transnational corporations [http://cca-kids.ca/about_who/members.html].

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK [http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html]

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertsing Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN
[http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk]

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]] [http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] [http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm], both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|APPC}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|APCO2}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry [http://www.denic.de] by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
[http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html]

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html
#{{note|2}}http://www.cca-kids.ca/

*{{note|APPC}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
*{{note|APPC2}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:27:32Z

Michael:

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. {{ref|1}}
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada [http://www.cca-kids.ca] which is also funded by
transnational corporations [http://cca-kids.ca/about_who/members.html].

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK [http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html]

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertsing Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN
[http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk]

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]] [http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] [http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm], both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|APPC}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|APCO2}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry [http://www.denic.de] by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
[http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html]

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html
*{{note|APPC}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
*{{note|APPC2}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Media Smart

2007-03-22T10:24:12Z

Michael:

Mediasmart is an organisation which is funded by fast-food, media and toy industries. On it's website it claims the following:

:Media Smart® is a media literacy programme, initially focused on advertising. Our objective is to provide children with the tools to help them understand and interpret advertising, so that they are able to make informed choices. Media Smart® is designed for primary school children aged 6-11 years old. It is the first UK media literacy programme to run inside the classroom and the home using broadcast and written educational materials. [http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/index.html]
==History and Origins of Mediasmart==
The roots for Mediasmart are to be seen in the "Concerned Children's
Advertisers" organisation founded in Canada [http://www.cca-kids.ca] which is also funded by
transnational corporations [http://cca-kids.ca/about_who/members.html].

==An independent organisation?==
Mediasmart does not mention on it's website who its employees/staff are. The office address is given as:-
Media Smart
Abford House
15 Wilton Road
London SW1V 1NJ
UK [http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/contact_us.html]

This office is also the address of the [[Advertising Association]], which suggests that Mediasmart is based inside the Advertsing Association's offices.

The domain mediasmart.org.uk is also registered by Media Smart, but a whois with the British internet registry gives out a differing address for Media Smart: 
29 Cloth Fair 
London 
EC1A 7NN
[http://195.66.240.211/cgi-bin/whois.cgi?query=mediasmart.org.uk]

This address houses the offices of [[Hudson Sandler]] [http://www.hudsonsandler.com/about_us/our_facilities.asp] and the [[Global Consulting Group]] [http://www.hfgcg.com/global-consulting-group.htm], both of which are subsidiaries of [[Huntsworth]]. The GCG entry in the [[APPC]] register lists Media Smart as a client between December 2004 and November 2005.{{ref|APPC}} Prior to that Media smart was represented by [[Ergo Communication Services]]{{ref|APCO2}}, which was acquired by Huntsworth in 2004.

==Mediasmart international==
Mediasmart is spreading throughout the world. It has divisions in Belgium,
The Netherlands, Poland, Ireland, Finland and Germany.

===Germany - Mediasmart and Disney===
Mediasmart Germany (www.mediasmart.de) is owned according to the german internet registry [http://www.denic.de] by RTL DISNEY Fernsehen GmbH Co.KG.

==Funders==
According to it's website, "Media Smart is not for profit and is funded by corporate sponsors and partner organisations. It is supported by the UK. Government"
[http://www.mediasmart.org.uk/media_smart/who_is_involved.html]

*[[Advertising Association]],
*[[Abbott Mead Vickers BBDO]],
*[[DDB London]],
*[[British Toy and Hobby Association]],
*[[BSkyB]],
*[[Business in the Community]],
*[[Cadbury Trebor Bassett]],
*[[Jetix]],
*[[GMTV]],
*[[Hasbro]],
*[[H J Heinz Co Ltd]],
*[[Incorporated Society of British Advertisers]],
*[[Institute of Practitioners of Advertising]],
*[[ITV]],
*[[Kellogg's]],
*[[Lego]],
*[[Logistix Kids]],
*[[Masterfoods]],
*[[Mattel]],
*[[McDonald's]],
*[[Mindshare]],
*[[Procter & Gamble]],
*[[Turner Broadcasting]],
*[[Unilever]],
*[[Viacom Brand Solutions]],
*[[Young Media Ltd]].

==References==

*{{note|APPC}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_Dec04-May05.pdf APPC Register December 2004-May 2005]; [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June05-Nov05.pdf APPC Register June 2005-November 2005]
*{{note|APPC2}} [http://www.spinwatch.org/files/wiki/APPC/APPC_register_June04-Nov04.pdf APPC Register June 2004-November 2004]

[[Category:Foodspin Front Groups]]

Priority profiles

2007-03-22T10:19:24Z

Michael: /* referencing needs attention */

==Pages that need checking and editing==
===Fact checking and referencing needed===

*[[British American Tobacco: Lobbying]]

*[[British American Tobacco: Advertising]]
*[[British American Tobacco: Third World Production]]
*[[BAe Systems]] references need tidied up
*[[BAe Systems: Products/Projects]] "
*[[BAe Systems: Who, Where, How much?]]"
*[[British Roads Federation]] needs references

===need editing/rewriting===
*[[Alfred Milner]]
*[[Annabel Hughes]] to be done by Eveline
*[[Association of Scottish Public Affairs]] needs filled out a little - to be done by/with Will
*[[Margaret 'Meta' Ramsay]] needs a little tidying up and some sections moved to other pages
*[[Brian Basham]] needs a little filling out. The further reading cvould be used to start this and then transformed into full references rather than just URLs

===tone and language need attention===
*[[Barney Jones]]
*[[Baroness Chalker of Wallasey]]

===referencing needs attention===
*[[Tom Cowie]] reference needed to Tory party donations
*[[Asia-Pacific Foundation]] referencing and content need attention.
*[[Sandra Macleod]], lots of references in this page need changed to the footnote system.
*[[Bernard Marantelli]] footnotes need added. excess para breaks removed, maybe updating?
*[[Bernd Halling]] ref needed and update?
*[[British Commonwealth Union]] footnotes from Mike Hughes book need to be included.
*[[Cato Institute]] references need wikified
*[[British Satellite News]] references from original spinwatch article need inserted

===formatting needed===
*[[Attack is the best defence]] "With more than Li million a year that they put aside for anti-sugar propaganda," - check figure from book
*[[Balfour Beatty]]
*[[Bayer]]
*[[Bill Macfarlane Smith]] footnotes added with proper formatting
*[[Brian Heap]] excess para break removal needed and some referencing

==Needs wikified==
*[[Atlas Economic Research Foundation]] needs wiki links
*[[Barclays]]
*[[Better Regulation Task Force]] maybe a reference or two
*[[Bibliothèque Solvay]] strange charcter removal and wikified links needed
*[[Big Business and the Moderates]] £ signs and wiki links needed
*[[British Consultants and Construction Bureau]] names need wiki links

==Transnational power==

*[[Global Business Dialogue on e-commerce]]- GBDe
*[[International Chamber of Commerce]] needs editing

*[[UN Global Compact]]

==Food spin targets==

*[[British Nutrition Foundation]]

*[[Mediasmart]]
*[[European Science and Environment Forum]]

==Trade press==

*[[European Voice]]

==Academic connections==

*[[Justin Greenwood]]
*[[Robin Pedler]]

==Key lobbyists==

*[[Stanley Crossick]]

*[[Christian De Fouloy]]
*[[Gerry Wade]]
*[[MPAA]]

==Climate Change deniers==

===People===
*[[Robert Balling]]

==New Labour networks==

*[[Centre for Reform]]

*[[Institute for Fiscal Studies]] [http://www.ifs.org.uk/]
*[[Localis]]
*[[New Frontiers Foundation]]

==Universities==
*[[London School of Economics]]

==Scottish PR and lobbying firms==

*[[Barkers Public Relations]]

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:17:59Z

Michael: /* References */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" {{ref|2}}

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. {{ref|3}}

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."{{ref|4}}

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.{{ref|5}} (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950
#{{note|2}}http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/
#{{note|3}}http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751
#{{note|4}}http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310
#{{note|5}}http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:17:26Z

Michael: /* Background */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" {{ref|2}}

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. {{ref|3}}

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."{{ref|4}}

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.{{ref|5}} (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950
#{{note|2}}http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/
http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:16:19Z

Michael: /* References */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" {{ref|2}}

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. [http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751]

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310]

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629] (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950
#{{note|2}}http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/
http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:15:59Z

Michael: /* References */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" {{ref|2}}

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. [http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751]

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310]

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629] (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950
#{{note|2}}http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/
http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:15:34Z

Michael: /* References */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" {{ref|2}}

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. [http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751]

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310]

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629] (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950
#{{note|2}}http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/
http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:11:54Z

Michael: /* References */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" {{ref|2}}

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. [http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751]

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310]

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629] (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==
#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950
#{{note|2}}http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:11:16Z

Michael: /* Background */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" {{ref|2}}

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. [http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751]

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310]

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629] (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==

#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:08:58Z

Michael: /* External Links */

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" [http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/]

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. [http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751]

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310]

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629] (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

==References==

#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950

Brian Crozier

2007-03-22T10:08:25Z

Michael:

'''Brian Crozier''' is an historian, strategist, and journalist. He is the founder of the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict]] (ISC), a London-based group that studied insurgencies and terrorism. The ISC was a right-wing propaganda group, reported to have been set up by the CIA and British intelligence in 1970. {{ref|1}}
Despite supposedly closing down in 1990, the ISC then functioned under the name of the [[Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism]] (RISCT), headed by [[Paul Wilkinson]], the foremost British academic terrorologist.

Crozier is a veteran of the cold war and has provided advice to the British Secret Intelligence Service, the [[Information Research Department]] (IRD) of the British [[Foreign Office]], and the [[CIA]]. He wrote for [[Reuters]], [[The Economist]] and was a commentator for the [[BBC]]. He wrote a column for [[National Review]]. Crozier was a Distinguished Visiting Fellow on War, Revolution, and Peace of [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]].

==Background==
Brian Crozier was born in Australia, and grew up in England and France. He once believed in communism -- as a reaction to the Great Depression and to Adolf Hitler -- and is now dedicating his life to fighting it. His memoirs appeared in 1993 as ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941-1991''.

Despite his age - he was born in 1918 - Crozier still participates in public debate. In 2000, then 81 years old, he joined the CNN.com chat room to discuss the elections in Russia and his latest book "The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire." This is how CNN introduced him:
: "For many years, Crozier led a double life, on contract with the [[CIA]], the British [[Secret Intelligence Service]] and the [[Information Research Department]] of Britain's Foreign Office. In 1977 Crozier set up a "private sector" international action service. During most of this period, he was unofficially advising Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and on occasion President Reagan. He later told the story in detail in his autobiography ''Free Agent: The Unseen War 1941 - 1991.''" [http://www.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/3/crozier/]

In 2003 he wrote a review of Anne Applebaum's ''Gulag: A History'' for Human Events, calling it an 'Impressive' History of the Soviet Camp System. [http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=751]

His last book to date, ''The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire'' (1999) is an 800 pages "massive account of the evils of communism, from its inception under Karl Marx and Valdimir Lenin to its eventual demise on Mikhail Gorbachev's watch," according to Insight on the News, a magazine that interviewed him for the occassion.

: "Crozier began his career as a member of the notorious [[Left Book Club]], organized by Communists and Marxists, and was deeply influenced by [[Arthur Koestler]]'s book ''Spanish Testament'', written during Koestler's time as a Communist. Later he learned from Koestler that the book virtually had been dictated by Willy Muenzerberg, the head of the Soviet NKVD (secret police) in Western Europe.

: In the meantime, Crozier's views had been turned around by a book written in 1947 by Soviet defector Victor Kravchenko titled ''I Chose Freedom'', an early account of Josef Stalin's atrocities in the Ukraine. The second book which he says "taught me to think about politics" was [[James Burnham]]'s ''The Machiavellians, Defenders of Freedom''. Many years later he was to become Burnham's successor at National Review, carrying on "The Protracted Conflict" column for 18 years."[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310]

Brian Crozier is a self-acknowledged disciple of [[James Burnham]], according to [[David Rees]], seeking political and strategic truth through a search for the "real" as distinct from the "formal" meaning of political utterances. Crozier himself explained his debt most thoroughly in a 1976 article in the Lugano Review, later condensed and updated for NR (April 15, 1983).

David Rees devoted a long article in [[National Review]] in 1985 to Crozier's "immense contribution to modern strategic thought."

: If Crozier's realism owes much to the Burnham influence, it owes much as well to his fifty years of working journalism, nearly forty of which he has spent as a foreign reporter. Born in Australia in 1918, Crozier was brought to France in 1923, at age five. He spent his early school years there, and was fully bilingual by the time he moved to England. In 1935, Crozier won a scholarship to study piano and composition at Trinity College of Music in London. Within a year he was drawn into journalism, writing not about terror and subversion but about music and art. He joined the London staff of Reuters in 1943, soon moved to the now defunct News Chronicle, and then, in 1951, returned to Australia and the Sydney Morning Herald. A year later he was in Southeast Asia as a foreign correspondent for Reuters.

: He hasn't stopped traveling since. In 1953 he joined The Economist. For ten years he wrote that magazine's confidential bulletin "Foreign Report," during which time he traveled constantly not only for The Economist but for the English, French, and Spanish services of the BBC. He left The Economist in 1964. But leaving neither lightened his schedule nor reduced his output, as he continued to work under contract for print and electronic media organizations too numerous to list. Over the course of his career he has interviewed 56 heads of state or government, an achievement that has been accepted by Guinness as a record for a journalist.

: In 1970 he founded the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]], the first private think-tank devoted to the study of terrorism and subversion. Under his direction (he left it in 1979) the institute specialized in the study of the "peace-time" strategy of the Soviet Union. Its analyses, including the Annual of Power and Conflict it published for ten years, have been used in war colleges throughout the West. Lately, Crozier has taken up writing realistic spy thrillers. The first, The Andropov Deception, will be available in the U.S. next spring.[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629] (this was in 1985).

With the [[Institute for the Study of Conflict]] Crozier (co-)authored many books, reports and studies on the dangers of communism and of terrorism (or both).

A small selection:

*''The Rebels: A Study of Post-War Insurrections ''(1960)
*''Neo-colonialism'' (1964)
*''South-East Asia in turmoil ''(1965)
*''The struggle for the Third World : a background book ''(1966)
*''Since Stalin : an assessment of Communist power ''(1970)
*''The future of communist power'' (1970)
*''The Ulster debate - report'' (1972) with [[James Camlin Beckett]] and [[Robert Moss]]
*''Soviet pressures in the Caribbean : the satellisation of Cuba ''(1973)
*''The peacetime strategy of the Soviet Union - report'' (1973)
*''Soviet objectives in the Middle East - report'' (1974)
*''The conflict of information : "detente", freedom & constraint ''(1975) with [[Leonid Vladimirov]] et al.
*''The Soviet presence in Somalia ''(1975)
*''The surrogate forces of the Soviet Union ''(1978)

Crozier has also written three biographies:

*''Franco: A Biographical History'' (1967)
*''De Gaulle, 1. the Warrior, 2. the Statesman'' (1973, reprinted 1990)
*''The Man Who Lost China: The First Full Biography of Chiang Kai-shek'' (1976)

The most revealing book Crozier wrote about his intimate contacts with (heads of) intelligence and heads of state in the Western World is:
*''Free Agent, the Unseen War 1941-1991'' (1993)
Subtitle of this book is ''the autobiography of an international activist''; the red banner on the cover: "The book MI5 and MI6 tried to ban." In this book Crozier sheds some light on his involvement in international affairs, and his stories are often just a slightly different version of what has written about Crozier, his contacts, his views and his influence by others.

==Affiliations==
*[[Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation]]
==Resources==
*[[Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry|Institute for the Study of Conflict, extract from The "Terrorism" Industry]]

==External Links==
* David Rees [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v37/ai_4074629 Student of subversion - Brian Crozier], ''National Review'', 31 Dec 1985.
* James P. Lucier [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_47_15/ai_58283310 Cold warrior Crozier Details Soviet Terror'], ''Insight on the News'', 20 Dec 1999.
[[Category:Terrorologist]]

#{{note|1}}http://www.dedefensa.org/article.php?art_id=950

Cato Institute

2007-03-22T10:03:45Z

Michael: /* Links to the Bush Administration */

'''Cato Institute''' was founded in 1977 by [[Edward H. Crane]] and [[Charles H. Koch]], the billionaire co-owner of [[Koch Industries]] which is the US’ second-largest privately owned company and the largest privately owned oil company, with annual revenues of more than $30 billion {{ref|1}}.

It is named after the “Cato Letters”, a series of libertarian pamphlets, and the think-tank is more libertarian than many of the other right-wing organisations it works with. To this end Cato says that the “The Jeffersonian philosophy that animates Cato's work has increasingly come to be called ‘libertarianism’ or ‘market liberalism’". {{ref|2}}

Although it has a smaller budget than some of the large think-tanks it was seen, in the late nineties at least, as the fourth most influential think-tank in Washington.
{{ref|3}}
==Funding==

Cato maintains that “In order to maintain an independent posture, the Cato Institute accepts no government funding or endowments. Contributions are received from foundations, corporations, and individuals”. {{ref|4}}

According to People for the American Way, Cato has been funded by: {{ref|5}}

*[[Philip Morris]]
*[[R.J. Reynolds]]
*[[Bell Atlantic Network Services]]
*[[BellSouth Corporation]]
*[[Digital Equipment Corporation]]
*[[GTE Corporation]]
*[[Microsoft Corporation]]
*[[Netscape Communications Corporation]]
*[[NYNEX Corporation]]
*[[Sun Microsystems]]
*[[Viacom International]]
*[[American Express]]
*[[Chase Manhattan Bank]]
*[[Chemical Bank]]
*[[Citicorp]]/[[Citibank]]
*[[Commonwealth Fund]]
*[[Prudential Securities]]
*[[Salomon Brothers]]

Energy conglomerates include:
*[[Chevron Companies]]
*[[Exxon Company]]
*[[Shell Oil Company]]
*[[Tenneco Gas]]
*[[American Petroleum Institute]]
*[[Amoco Foundation]]
*[[Atlantic Richfield Foundation]]

Cato's pharmaceutical donors include:
*[[Eli Lilly & Company]]
*[[Merck & Company]]
*[[Pfizer]]

Between 1985 and 2001, the Institute received $15,718,040 in 112 grants from only ten conservative foundations: {{ref|6}}

*[[Castle Rock Foundation]]
*[[Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation]]
*[[Earhart Foundation]]
*[[JM Foundation]]
*[[John M. Olin Foundation]]
*[[Claude R. Lambe Charitable Foundation]]
*[[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]]
*[[Sarah Scaife Foundation]]
*[[Carthage Foundation]]
*[[David H Koch Foundation]]

Since 1998, it has received some $50,000 from Exxon Mobil. {{ref|7}}

==Links to the Bush Administration==

According to Cato in 2001 President George W. Bush appointed a former Cato vice president and a Cato fellow, and two Cato staffers to the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security. According to People for the American Way these include: Former Rep. Tim Penny (D-MN); Sam Beard, Carolyn Weaver, Randy Clerihue, and Andrew Biggs. Mark Groombridge, Special Assistant, Office of the Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, State Department also used to work at Cato{{ref|8}}.

==Principals==

*[[Edward H. Crane]] - Founder and President - Board of U.S. Term Limits, and is a member of the [[Mont Pèlerin Society]].
*[[David Boaz]] - Executive Vice President
*[[Ted Galen Carpenter]] - Vice President for Defense and Foreign Policy Studies
*[[James A. Dorn]] - Vice President for Academic Affairs

===Board===

*[[Philip Morris]] boss [[Geoffrey Bible]] and [[Rupert Murdoch]] have both served on the board[7]. Current board members include:

*[[Peter Ackerman]] - Managing Director, Rockport Financial Ltd.
*[[K. Tucker Andersen]] - Senior Consultant, Cumberland Associates LLC
*[[Frank Bond]] – Chairman, [[The Foundation Group]]
*[[Edward H. Crane]] - President, Cato Institute
*[[Richard J. Dennis]] - President, Dennis Trading Group
*[[Theodore J. Forstmann]] - Principal, Forstmann Little & Company
*[[Ethelmae C. Humphreys]] - Chairman, Tamko Roofing Products, Inc.
*[[David H. Koch]] - Executive Vice President, Koch Industries, Inc.
*[[John C. Malone]] - Chairman, [[Liberty Media Corporation]]
*[[William A. Niskanen]] - Chairman, Cato Institute
*[[David H. Padden]] - President, Padden & Company
*[[Lewis E. Randall]] - Board Member, E*Trade Financial
*[[Howard S. Rich]] - President, U.S. Term Limits
*[[Frederick W. Smith]] - Chairman & CEO, FedEx Corporation
*[[Jeffrey S. Yass]] - Managing Director, Susquehanna International Group, LLP

===Experts / Scholars / Adjunct Scholars===

*[[Ronald A. Bailey]] - Science correspondent for Reason magazine.
*[[Robert L. Bradley Jr]]. - is president of the Institute for Energy Research. He is an expert on energy policy and its relation to the environment and an adjunct scholar at the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].
*[[Terry L. Anderson]] - is executive director of the Political Economy Research Center (see below), and co-author of Free Market Environmentalism.
*[[Kevin Dowd]]
*[[Michael Gough]] - author of Silencing Science, Readings at Risk and Dioxin, Agent Orange, “is an expert on risk assessment and environmental policy” according to CATO. Or according to PR Watch “he has spent much of his career denying that environmental problems even exist ..and he frequently trashes health and environmental advocates”[11].
*Patrick J. Michaels - is a research professor of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia and visiting scientist with the Marshall Institute in Washington, D.C. One of the world’s leading climate sceptics (see below)
*[[Steven J. Milloy]] - is the founder and publisher of junkscience.com, an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute (see below)
*[[Cassandra Chrones Moore]] - an adjunct scholar with the Competitive Enterprise Institute and the author of Haunted Housing: How Toxic Scare Stories Are Spooking the Public Out of House and Home.
*[[Thomas Gale Moore]] - is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. He is author of Climate of Fear: Why We Shouldn't Worry about Global Warming, and a contributor to the World Climate Report edited by Dr. Patrick Michaels (see below).. Moore was a member of Reagan's Council of Economic Advisors (1985-89)[12].
*[[William A. Niskanen]] - Chairman of Cato since 1985. He was previously acting chairman of President Reagan's Council of Economic Advisers. He has also served as director of economics at Ford Motor Company and as a defense analyst for the Pentagon, the RAND Corporation, and the Institute for Defense Analyses.
*[[Randal O'Toole]] – “is director of the Thoreau Institute. He is an expert on environmental policy, public lands, and urban and regional growth”. He is the author of The Citizens' Guide to the Forest Service Budget and The Citizens' Guide to the Timber Industry
*Richard L. Stroup - is professor of economics at Montana State University. “He is an expert on privatization, the environment, and Superfund. He is co-author of Economics: Public and Private Choice”[13].
*[[David Schoenbrod]] - professor of law at New York Law School. “He is an expert on the delegation of executive powers, federal regulation, injunctions, air pollution, and institutional reform”[14].
*Jerry Taylor challenges the “market failure” critique of free markets as they pertain to energy policy and environmental protection. “Under Taylor’s direction, the Cato Institute has become the nation's most influential critics of federal and state environmental policy”[15].
*[[Dwight R. Lee]] - professor of economics at the University of Georgia. He is an expert on environmental economics, the economic analysis of government, and labor economics[16].
*[[Peter VanDoren]] - Editor of the quarterly journal Regulation, and an expert in the regulation of housing, land, energy, the environment, transportation and labor[17].
*[[Benjamin Zycher]] - A senior economist at RAND. He is an expert on public finance, regulation, insurance, environmental and energy economics, and the economics of defense[18].

==Issues==

Cato works on all the major policy issues, including a myriad of environmental ones, including Air Pollution Population, Urban Sprawl, and Sustainable Development

Forests and Forestry, 5th Amendment (property rights), Global Warming, Public Lands, Energy, Risk Assessment/Science and Public Policy, Environmental Law, and Regulation, Superfund, Natural Resources, and Water Policy.

Some of its most important and high profile are global warming, “sound science,” attacking the environmental movement - see below and climate

===Climate===

[[Patrick Michaels]] is one of the most often quoted climate sceptics in the US. He is author of "''The Satanic Gases: Clearing the Air About Global Warming''” along with [[Robert Balling]], another leading climate sceptic[19].

Over the paste few years, Michaels has moderated his position from one where global warming is not happening to one where it is, but it is not as bad as everyone makes out[20].

Said Michaels in October 2003: “Contrary to almost every news report and every staged hearing… scientists know quite precisely how much the planet will warm in the foreseeable future, a modest three-quarters of a degree”.[21]

Michaels and Cato have spoken out against Kyoto in numerous press articles. For example: “The [[Kyoto Protocol]] is wildly popular in Britain largely because the country seems to lack scientists courageous enough to point out that the government's alarmist view of climate change is without merit[22]”. He also opposes domestic US initiatives to tackle climate such as McCain-Lieberman bill, which he calls an “intrusion into business, the economy, and, eventually, into your home”, which “is totally unnecessary”. [23]

The [[Cato Institute]] holds regular briefings on global warming, with known climate sceptics. In December 2003, panellists included [[Patrick Michaels]], known-sceptic [[Robert Balling]], Arizona State University and [[Michael Schlesinger]], University of Illinois, who believes that the current scientific knowledge of climate change is not settled and that uncertainties “must be reduced”, amongst others.[24] Cato held similar briefings on Climate in Washington in July 2003 and 2002.

He has numerous links to anti-environmental and right-wing groups. He is an advisor to the [[American Council on Science and Health]], [[The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition]] (now defunct), the [[American Policy Center]] and [[Consumer Alert]][25]. He has debunked climate change at a press conference for [[Consumer Alert]] along with other known climate sceptics. Along with Robert Balling (who often appears at Cato events) Michaels has represented the fossil-fuel corporate front groups the [[Global Climate Coalition]] and the [[Information Council on the Environment]] (ICE), the later funded by the [[National Coal Association]]. Leaked memos details how the Association planned test marketing of the idea to “reposition global warming as theory (not fact)” [26].

Michaels testified in 1995 that he had received $16,000 in funding in the previous five years from the [[German Coal Association]] and [[Western Fuels Company]][27].

Michael’s newsletter, the [[World Climate Report]], is funded by the Western Fuels Association, and can be found on the website, www.co2andclimate.org/editors.html, which is run by the Greening Earth Society / Western Fuels. The Contributing Editor is Robert Balling. Sallie Baliunas (See below) has also been a past contributing editor. Other contributors include Dr. Thomas Gale Moore from the Hoover Institution[28]. In his book “The Heated Debate”, Balling calls global warming “the mother of all scares”[29]. In 1996, Balling and Michaels were listed as a member of ESEF (see below). Balling is also on the Science Roundtable of Tech Central Station.[30] (see below)

But he is not the only Cato analyst to dismiss climate change. Jerry Taylor from Cato dismissed the World Watch Report in May 2003 that linked climate change and severe weather events. “It's false”, said Taylor. “There is absolutely no evidence that extreme weather events are on the increase. None. The argument that more and more dollar damages accrue is a reflection of the greater amount of wealth we've created[31]”.

[[Steve Milloy]] - the junkman

Steven Milloy is the “junkman” an industry hack who is an apologist for the tobacco and oil industries. He also routinely denigrates environmentalists as “eco-terrorists”[32], or psychologically challenged” or “bogus”, “environmental extremists”, “blowhards”, “turkeys”, “nut cases”, or members of the “food police”,[33] through his website junkscience.com.

PR Watch has tracked Milloy’s activities as a spin doctor for big tobacco and other polluting industries. Going back a decade, to the early nineties Milloy worked as a lobbyist for [[Multinational Business Services]] (MBS), a group hired by [[Philip Morris]] as its primary contact on secondhand smoke issues. Milloy worked under James Tozzi, who was under contract with PM for $40,000 a month in 19935 and up to $610,000 in 1994[34].

Milloy first came to prominence as the Executive Director [[The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition]] (TASSC), “an organization that was covertly created by Philip Morris for the express purpose of generating scientific controversy regarding the link between second-hand smoke and cancer” ...

In the late nineties, Milloy was registered as a lobbyist for the EOP Group. In 1997, Congressional lobbying records show that Milloy and the EOP group client’s included American Petroleum Institute, FMC Corp, Fort Howard, International Food Additives Council, and Monsanto.[45] In 1998, through the EOP Group, Milloy was a registered lobbyist for the American Petroleum Institute[46].

TASSC was quietly retired in 1998 only to be replaced by other Milloy websites such as No More Scares.com which was set up with Bonner Cohen, the editor of EPA Watch, published by the American Policy Center (APC), which is headed “by long-time PR pro Thomas DeWeese”[47]. In 2000, the nomorescares website was used to launch a report called “The Fear Profiteers” whose authors included Milloy, Bonner Cohen, John Carlisle, Michael Fumento, Michael Gough, Henry Miller, Kenneth Smith and Elizabeth Whelan. “All have a track record of accepting funding from and defending industries that make dangerous products and pollute the environment”[48]. Nomorescare is now also defunct.

Another website runs by Milloy was consumerdistorts.com, which is also defunct, so Milloy’s main weapon of propaganda is junkscience.com and a column for Fox news. In 2001, Milloy published the book Junk Science Judo: Self-Defense Against Health Scares and Scams[49], and used the attacks on the World Trade Center to argue the case for more asbestos[50].

A year later Milloy set up yet another front web-site called StopLabelingLies.com that claims to be dedicated to exposing “examples of false and misleading food and other product labels and their associated marketing campaigns,” but its “real mission is to attack organic foods on behalf of the biotech industry”. The site tries to hide links to Milloy, but was originally registered to Citizens for the Integrity of Science, a paper organization that, according to PR Watch “ Milloy sometimes lists as the sponsor of his other web site, JunkScience.com.”[51] Indeed it is as the Citizens for the Integrity of Science that Malloy has joined the CEI and other groups attacking climate change.[52]

[[Exxon]] documents show that it has given $30,000 to the Advancement of Sound Science Council rather than Coalition. This organisation does to seem to exist elsewhere, so even though TASSC is widely seen to be defunct, Exxon may still be funding it in a slightly different guise.

==Contact==
*'''Address:''' 1000 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington D.C. 20001-5403
*'''Web Address:''' [http://www.cato.org www.cato.org]

==References==
(unfortunately, the footnotes are shifted)
#{{note|1}} see the sierra magazine article available on their website at http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/200207/thinktank_printable.asp
#{{note|2}} from the Cato website at http://www.cato.org/about/index.html
#{{note|3}} quoted in an article on the Tobacco News website available at http://www.tobacco.org/articles/org/cato/
#{{note|4}} from the Cato website at http://www.cato.org/about/about.html
#{{note|5}} from the PFAW website at http://www.pfaw.org/pfaw/general/default.aspx?oid=9261
#{{note|6}} see http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Cato_Institute
#{{note|7}} ibid

# [http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/200207/thinktank_printable.asp]

# [http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/2000Q3/junkman.html]

# [http://www.mediatransparency.org/search_results/info_on_any_recipient.php?51]
# Source Greenpeace - data from company reports for 98, 00, 01, 02 – data not available for 99 and pre-98.
# [http://www.pfaw.org/pfaw/general/default.aspx?oid=9261]
# [http://www.disinfopedia.org/wiki.phtml?title=Cato_Institute]
# [http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1999Q4/forcing.html]
# [http://www.clearproject.org/reports_cato.html]
# [http://www.cato.org/people/stroup.html]
# [http://www.cato.org/people/schoenbrod.html]
# [http://www.cato.org/people/taylor.html]
# [http://www.cato.org/people/lee.html]
# [http://www.cato.org/people/vandoren.html]
# [http://www.cato.org/people/zycher.html]
#[http://www.catostore.org/index.asp?fa=ProductDetails&method=cats&scid=17&pid=144919]
# T. Stein (2003) “Unstable Climate Linked To Pollution Boulder Experts Cite Causes Of Warming”, The Denver Post, 5 December.
# P. J. Michaels (2003) “Posturing and Reality On Warming”, The Washington Times, 16 October.
# P. J. Michaels (2003) Kyoto: The Hidden Cost Of Victory In Iraq, The Cato Institute; quoted in United Press International (2003) “Think tanks wrap-up V”, 17 April
# J. L. Brady (2003) “With Clock Ticking, McCain's Push for Climate Change Bill Irritates Colleagues”, Roll Call, 30 October; P. J. Michaels (2003) “Posturing And Reality On Warming”, The Washington Times, 16 October
# C. Coon, & Erin. Hymel (2003) Sound Policy for the Energy Bill, Heritage Foundation Reports, 23 September.
# [http://www.ewg.org/pub/home/clear/view/CV_Vol4_No16.html]
# A. Rowell (1996) Green Backlash – Global Subversion of the Environment Movement, Routledge, 140-143; S. Rampton & J. Stauber (2001) Trust Us, We’re Experts, How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles with Yours Future, Tarcher / Putnam, p272-274
# S. Rampton & J. Stauber (2001) Trust Us, We’re Experts – How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles with Yours Future, Tarcher / Puttnam, p273
# [http://www.co2andclimate.org/editors.html] [http://www.co2andclimate.org/climate/download/pdf/wcr7-10.pdf]
# R. C. Balling Jr. (1992) The Heated Debate, Greenhouse Predictions Versus Climate Reality, Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, pxv
# [http://www.Tech Central Station.com/scienceroundtable.html]
# L. Miller (2003) “Enviro Trends: Poor to Bear Brunt Of Climate Change --; Worldwatch”, Greenwire, 23 May.
# [http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/2001Q4/terror.html]
# [http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1999Q4/avery.html]
# Americans for Non Smokers Rights (2003) Steven J. Milloy – The Junkman Exposed, December.
# [http://www.opensecrets.org/Lobbyists/lobbyist.asp?ID=15971&year=1997]
# [http://sopr.senate.gov/cgi-win/opr_viewer.exe?19984MILLOY,$STEVELOB~0]
# [http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/2000Q3/usual.html]
# [http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/2000Q3/usual.html]
# [http://www.prwatch.org/spin/August_2001.html]
# [http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/2001Q4/junkman.html]
# [http://www.prwatch.org/spin/October_2002.html]
# [http://www.cei.org/gencon/003,03465.cfm]

BAE Systems: Who, Where, How Much?

2007-03-22T09:52:08Z

Michael:

[[BAe Systems]]
==Headquarters==

Warwick House,
PO BOX 87,
Farnborough Aerospace Centre,
Farnborough,
Hampshire,
GU14 6YU,
UK

Tel no. 0044 (0)1252 373232
Fax no. 0044 (0)1252 383000

===London office address===

6 Carlton Gardens,
London,
SW1Y 5AD,
UK

Tel no. 0044 (0)1252 373232
Fax no. 0044 (0)1252 383991

An extensive list of the company’s offices worldwide, including those of its subsidiaries, can be found on the company’s website at: http://www.baesystems.com/facts/pages/location.htm

==Significant shareholders==

BAE SYSTEMS divides its different interests into business groups, each of which is overseen by one of three COOs (Chief of Operations). Only three companies hold over 3% of the shares issued by BAE SYSTEMS; Franklin Resources Inc (6.2%), Brandes Investment Partners, LP (4.0%), and CGNU plc (3.2%).

==Subsidiaries==

BAE holds significant equity in many ventures worldwide, the most important of which include:

# Matra BAE Dynamics
Six Hills Way, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2DA, UK
TEL: 01438 312422

This company is a joint venture with a French arms manufacturer. It concentrates on the development of guided weapons for use on land, air and sea. It has recently won a contract to produce the Meteor, an air-to-air guided missile, for use in the Eurofighter project. It has an order book of £2.5 billion, and employs around 6,100 staff (2850 in the UK and 3250 in France). BAE SYSTEMS owns 50% of this company.

# SAAB AB Group

Box 70363
SE-107 24 Stockholm, Sweden

Visiting Address:
Kungsbron 1, World Trade Centre, Entrance G, 6th Floor.
Telephone: +46 8 463 00 00
FAX: +46 8 463 01 52
Web site: www.saab.se
E-mail: infosaab@saab.se

SAAB is a large Swedish based engineering company, employing over 14,000 staff. Its total annual sales are around SEK 16,000 million, or over £1 billion. Its most obvious link to BAE SYSTEMS is its Gripen fighter, which is developed and sold in collaboration with the British firm. BAE SYSTEMS is by far the largest shareholder with a 35% stake.

# Alenia Marconi Systems Inc. (AMS)
Eastwood House
Glebe Road
Chelmsford
Essex
UK

BAE SYSTEMS owns 50% of the shares in this company, Finmeccanica of Italy the other 50%. AMS is one of Europe’s leading providers of radar and air control systems. In fact, it is one of the 3 leading manufacturers of land and naval radar systems in the world.

# Aeronautical Technologies Company Ltd, SA
c/o Advanced Technologies and Engineering Company (PTY) Ltd
PO Box 632
Halfway House
1685 South Africa
Tel: +27 11 314 2170 Fax: +27 11 314 2151

This company is a South African based avionics systems integration and UAV (unmanned air vehicle) manufacturer, whose programmes include systems upgrade programmes on Hawk jets, as well as manufacture of the Vulture class UAV. BAE SYSTEMS has a 20% share in the company.

# Airbus Integrated Company Ltd.
The Airbus Integrated Company is a joint venture between Europe’s largest aerospace and arms firms, to manufacture a series of short, medium and long range commercial aircraft. It is manufacturing the world’s largest commercial aircraft, the A380, which can carry more than 600 passengers. BAE SYSTEMS owns 20% of the shares in this company; the other 80% are owned by EADS, the European arms manufacturer’s coalition.

The contact addresses for queries about Airbus are those for BAE (see above) and EADS:
EADS Deustchland GmbH
PO Box 801109
81663 Munich
Germany

EADS France S.A.S
37, Boulevard de Montmorecy
75781 Paris, Cedex16,
France

# Astrium Ltd
37, Avenue Louis Breguet BP1
78146 Velizy Villacoublay
Cedex
France

Tel: +33 (0) 1 34 88 30 00
Fax: +33 (0) 1 34 88 43 43
Website: www.astrium-space.com

BAE SYSTEMS owns 25% of the shares of this company, the other 75% are owned by EADS. Astrium is one of Europe’s leading space technology companies, and is involved in communications and military satellites, as well as launch vehicles for European space efforts.

# Competence Center Informatik
Lohberg 10
Postfach1225
49716 Meppen/Rule
Germany

Tel: +49 5931 805-0
Fax: +49 5931 805-100
Website: www.cci.de

This is a German based information technology company, which designs computer systems for the arms trade and commercial world, including both hardware and software. BAE SYSTEMS’ share in the company is 10%. Other notable shareholders include DaimlerChrysler Aerospace (10%), and Sema Group GmbH (77.5%).

# Euromandarin Ltd
7th Floor
Harcourt House
39 Gloucester Road
Wanchai
Hong Kong

Tel: +85 2 2143 6878 Fax: +85 2 2143 6642

A venture capital orientated company set up in 1998 to research, structure and manage aerospace related investments in Greater China. BAE SYSTEMS own 50% of the shares in this company. The other 50% are owned by First Mandarin in Hong Kong.

# Exostar SM
13530 Dulles Technology Drive, Suite 200
Herndon, VA 20171
USA

Phone: 703-561-0500
Fax: 703-793-1673
Website: www.exostar.com

In the UK:
New Filton House
PO Box 5
Filton, Bristol BS34 7QW
UK

Freephone number: 0800-917-2485
Fax: +01 703-793-7962
Worldwide: Phone: +01 703-793-7800
Fax: +01 703-793-7962

Exostar SM is a company set up to develop and operate a marketplace for the aerospace and arms industries. BAE SYSTEMS have a 25% share in the company. The other shareholders are Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon, all with a 25% share. It is hoped by BAE that the company will help increase efficiency and collaboaration between companies in the industry. ExostarSM is headquartered in the Washington DC area, although the company plans a significant presence in both Europe and Asia. The exchange has been trading since September 2000.

# Innovation Partnerships Worldwide
PO Box 5249
Rutland Hall
Ashby Road
Loughborough
Leicestershire
LE11 3WW
UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1509 228499 Fax: +44 (0) 1509 211516

This, according to BAE, is a joint venture with Loughborough University, designed to ‘promote social and economic programmes in the global marketplace.’ Its main purpose would seem to be to get University students familiar and comfortable with the BAE brand and ‘ethic’. BAE SYSTEMS share in the project is 55%, with the other 45% being owned by Loughborough University.

# Singapore British Engineering PTE Ltd
435 Orchard Road
#19-02, Wisma Atria
Singapore 0923

Tel: +65 735 8328 Fax: +65 735 8233

This is, bluntly, a marketing front for BAE SYSTEMS equipment and expertise in South East Asia. BAE SYSTEMS’ share is 51%, the other 49% is held by Singapore Technologies.

# Spectrum Technologies PLC
Western Avenue
Bridgend
CF31 3RT
United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0) 1656 655437 Fax: +44 (0) 1656 655920
Email: sales@spectrum-technologies.co.uk
Website: www.spectrum-technologies.co.uk

A developer and supplier of high technology UV laser equipment and services for manufacturing processes; specifically the CAPRIS range of laser wire marking and processing systems, used by most aerospace companies around the world. BAE owns 20% of the company.

# STN Atlas Electronik GmbH
Sebaldsbruecker Heerstr.
28305 Bremen
Germany

Tel: +49 421457 0
Fax: +49 421 457 29 00

This German-based company specialises in defence electronics, with its activites stretching from weapons control systems to virtual reality, radar technology, unmanned vehicles and communications. BAE owns 49% of the company.

# Togethr HR Services Ltd
PO Box 87
Lancaster House
Farnborough Aerospace Centre
Farnborough
Hampshire
GU14 6YU
UK

Tel: +44 (0) 1252 373232 Fax: +44 (0) 1252 383456
Website: www.togethr.com

Togethr was formed on 1 May 2001. According to BAE, it ‘will provide human resource support services to BAE SYSTEMS and the rapidly growing global integrated HR services market.’ Its services include recruitment, learning, benefits, pensions administration and HR (human resources) systems and records. BAE SYSTEMS share is 50%, the other 50% being held by Xchanging Ltd.

==Partnerships and Investments==

BAe has a wide range of partnerships and investments. A list can be found at http://www.baesystems.com/AboutUs/InternationalPartnerships/index.htm

==People==

As can be seen from the above interests and shareholdings of BAE SYSTEMS, the company controls a tremendous amount of the world’s defence industry, and especially dominates the UK market. The board of directors at BAE reflects this width of interests, with several directors having been formerly on the boards of other engineering and manufacturing firms. However, this information may be quickly outdated, given the boardroom coup that recently deposed the former CEO, John Weston (see History and Stategy). Up-to-date information regarding the current Board of Directors may be found on the BAE SYSTEMS website at: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/leaders.htm

===Corporate Leaders===

*Sir [[Richard Harry Evans]], CBE
Chairman, BAE SYSTEMS plc
Evans was born in Blackpool in 1942 and educated at the Royal Masonic School, Hertfordshire. In 1960, he joined the Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation and, shortly afterwards, moved into the then newly-formed Ministry of Technology. Appointed Deputy Managing Director (and Managing Director Designate) of the newly formed British Aerospace Military Aircraft Division in 1986, he was awarded the CBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours List for 'Services to Export'.

In January 1987 Evans was appointed to the Board of British Aerospace plc as Marketing Director and the following year he became the Chairman of the British Aerospace Defence companies. Evans was appointed Chief Executive of the Company in 1990 and concurrently has been a member of the Supervisory Board of Airbus Industrie since 1992. In June 1992 he was elected for a one-year term as President of the Society of British Aerospace Companies. He was knighted in the 1996 Queen's Birthday Honours. On May 1, 1998, Evans was appointed Chairman of British Aerospace plc.

In 1997 Evans joined the Board of United Utilities plc as a Non-Executive Director and was appointed Chairman on January 1, 2001. In 1998 he became a Non Executive Director of NatWest plc and resigned from that Board in February 2000.Evans has also been elected an Honorary Member of the NSPCC (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) Council.[23]

The Observer described Sir Richard Evans as 'one of the few businessmen who can see Blair on request'.[24] (See also section on Influence: Tony and Dick)

Mike Turner, CBE
BAE SYSTEMS Chief Executive Officer
In October 1991, Turner was elected a Fellow of The Royal Aeronautical Society. In January 1994, he was appointed Chairman of Commercial Aerospace, which added BAe Airbus to his portfolio, and also became a member of the Main Board of British Aerospace plc. In June 1995 he was appointed Vice President of the SBAC (Society of British Aerospace Companies) and was President from June 1996 until June 1997. In 1996, Turner was appointed a Non-Executive Director of Babcock International Group plc. In April 1996, Turner took responsibility for BAe's defence export business (in addition to his commercial aircraft responsibilities) when the sales and marketing Managing Directors were made responsible to him.

When British Aerospace plc and Marconi Electronic Systems merged in 1999 to created BAE SYSTEMS, Turner became Chief Operating Officer of the new company. He was awarded a CBE for services to the Aerospace Industry in the Queen's Birthday Honours list in June 1999. Following the dismissal of the former CEO of BAE SYSTEMS, John Weston, on March 26th 2002, Turner became the new CEO.[25] It seems likely that he will change the Board of Directors at least slightly, in order to cement his position.

Mike Turner is co-chair of the Transatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD) for the year 2002. (See section on Lobbying)

Sir Charles Masefield
BAE SYSTEMS Vice Chairman
Sir Charles Masefield was educated at Cambridge University where he gained an Honours Degree in Aeronautical Engineering and flew with the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. In 1994 the British Government requested Masefield to take over responsibility for Britain's defence exports working within the Ministry of Defence reporting to the Secretary of State for Defence. During his four and a half years of responsibility for defence exports the UK's world market share rose from 16% to 25%, second only to the United States.

In December 1998 Masefield left Government service to take up an appointment as Vice Chairman of GEC plc. Following completion of the merger between British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems, Masefield was appointed to the Board of BAE SYSTEMS as Group Marketing Director. Masefield was the 1994/95 President of the Royal Aeronautical Society and was knighted in 1997 for services to British exports.[26]

Sarah Myers
Chief of Staff

George Rose
Group Financial Director BAE SYSTEMS
In 1988 Rose was appointed Finance Director of Leyland DAF UK and subsequently Director, Group Control of DAF NV located in the Netherlands. He returned to the UK and was appointed Rover Group's Company Controller in March 1992. In December 1995 he was appointed non-Executive Director of Orange plc, and in April 1998 he was appointed as the Finance Director for British Aerospace plc.
In the same year he was appointed as a non-Executive Director of SAAB AB.[27]

Michael Lester
Group Legal Director BAE SYSTEMS
Lester was engaged in private practice until 1980 when he joined the General Electric Company plc (GEC) as an Associate Director and Director of Legal Affairs. Lester was appointed a Director of GEC in December 1983 and Vice-Chairman in July 1994. He was appointed a Non-Executive Director of Premier Farnell in 1998. Following the completion of the merger between British Aerospace Plc and Marconi Electronic Systems, Mr Lester joined the Board of BAE SYSTEMS.[28]

*[[Steven Lewis Mogford]]
BAE SYSTEMS Chief Operating Officer
Mogford joined British Aerospace Military Aircraft in 1977 as a Supply Engineer at the company’s Preston site in Lancashire. He was appointed Programmes Director – Al Yamamah in 1994 and Managing Director of Systems and Services at the end of 1995. Following the merger of British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems in November 1999 he was appointed group managing Director Programmes & Managing Director Eurofighter, BAE SYSTEMS. From April 1, 2000 he became Chief Operating Officer – Programmes, responsible for BAE SYSTEMS’ major projects and Customer Support, joining the Board of the Company.[29]

===Non-Executive Directors===

Sir Robin Biggam
Chairman of the Independent Television Commission and the Fairey Group plc. Also a non-executive director of British Energy plc.

Professor Sue Birley
Professor of Entrepreneurship at Imperial College, University of London, and was formerly a non-executive director at National Westminster Bank plc.

Keith Brown
Formerly managing director of Morgan Stanley Dean Witter plc. Chairman of the Racecourse Association, and of the International Advisory Board for Bipop–Carier (Italy).

Dr Ulrich Cartillieri
A member of the supervisory board of Deutsche Bank AG, a director of Robert Bosch GmbH, Henkel KgaA and deputy chairman of DEG, the German government owned Investment and Development company.

Sir Ronald Hampel
Chairman of United Business Media plc, former chairman of ICI plc and a non-executive director of the Aluminium Company of America.

*[[Lord Hesketh]]
A non-executive deputy chairman of Babcock International Group plc. A former Government chief whip in the House of Lords and a Privy Councillor.

*[[Paolo Scaroni]]
Group chief executive of Pilkington plc, and formerly a non-executive director of Burmah Castrol plc.

For an overview of all persons involved in BAE's Leadership, visit: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/leaders.htm

==References==
[23] Sir Richard Evans Biography, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.observer.co.uk/business/story/0,6903,458405,00.html, accessed 29/4/02
[25] Mike Turner Biography, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/miketurner.htm, accessed 29/4/02
[26] Sir Masefield Biography, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/sircharlesmasefield, accessed 29/4/02
[27]George Rose Biography, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/georgerose.htm, accessed 29/4/02
[28]Michael Lester Biography, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/michaellester.htm, accessed 29/4/02
[29] Steve Mogford Biography, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/overview/stevemogford.htm, accessed 29/4/02

BAe Systems: Products/Projects

2007-03-20T16:49:45Z

Michael: /*new bit*/

As befits a ‘truly global’ company, [[BAe Systems]] covers a wide range of products and projects. Few of them, however, are anything that the ordinary consumer would ever buy. BAE products are mostly intended for the defence procurement of nation states, and to a lesser extent, the huge budgets of airlines such as British Airways.

BAE undertakes both large, capital-intensive projects such as the manufacture of the ‘Future Carrier’ (intended to replace Britain’s current ‘Invincible’ class of aircraft carrier) and smaller-scale, more intricate work - such as the development and manufacture of thermal imaging and radar equipment. Undoubtedly, however, and despite the rather beguiling ‘civilian applications’ section on their website, the majority of their production goes directly into military applications.

The Avionics department of BAE deals with the more intricate and small-scale projects, covering areas such as radar, weapon guidance systems, satellite communications technology, thermal imaging, and electronic warfare. All of these smaller products come into use in BAE’s own range of military vehicles, which, as they proudly point, out cover land, sea and air.{{ref|1}}

==Air==

BAE manufactures a wide range of military aircraft, from the now completed lines of Tornado and Harrier aircraft, to the infamous Hawk attack fighter, and to the joint European project of the Eurofighter. Other aircraft projects include the Gripen fighter (produced in collaboration with SAAB) and the much discussed American project, the Joint Strike Fighter. As well as having huge potential in the American market, one of the variants of the JSF is tipped to be the British Ministry of Defence replacement for the outdated Harrier jump jet.

==Sea==

On the sea, BAE has received provisional acceptance of its bid to construct the ‘Future Carriers’ (due to come online in 2012), and firm acceptance of its Type 45 Anti-Air Destroyers (the first of which, HMS Daring, will be operational in 2007). It also has a virtual monopoly on the British ship-building industry.

==Ground==

In ground warfare BAE has less of a presence, concentrating its capital intensive projects where they can benefit its manufacturing concerns (i.e. its shipyards). It is working on several projects for land based military application, however, including the Lancer recon vehicle, the description of which provides a prime example of BAE’s corporate-speak. As they so eloquently put it; "'Consequently, all the key functional areas of the LANCER fully integrated demonstrator vehicle feature the latest, de-risked emerging technologies applicable to future land systems environment solutions:....A highly lethal 40mm calibre weapon using unique cased telescoped ammunition and advanced fire control’".{{ref|2}} In other words, the Lancer project utilises BAE’s high technology engineering innovations to more effectively guide tanks to where they can kill people.

==Civilian Projects==

BAE does have some civilian projects, almost all of which are concerned with avionics. Its Avro RJ jet is no longer manufactured but is still in use by over 60 airlines. These include British Airways and Lufthansa. Its replacement, the Avro RJX, is likely to be similarly popular. BAE is also involved in the Airbus Industrie consortium with European partners, largely in manufacturing the wings for Airbus jets. Airbus is one of only two manufacturers in the market for commercial aircraft seating more than 100 passengers. Airbus captures around 50% of all commercial airline orders. Airbus is owned by BAE SYSTEMS and EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company), holding 20% and 80% respectively.{{ref|3}} However, it is rumoured that BAE may well exercise its prerogative to pull out of this project in 2004 in favour of more military projects.{{ref|4}} After all, the civilian aircraft business is facing a depression at the time of writing, whereas the military sector certainly is not.

==Homeland Security==

BAE also has products dedicated to 'Delivering effective, custom built, innovative solutions to address the full range of Homeland Security issues'.{{ref|5}}

==References==
#{{note|1}} BAE SYSTEMS Facts, Business Units, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/index.htm, accessed 20/3/07
#{{note|2}} 'LANCER', BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/Newsroom/NewsReleases/2002/press_170620021.html, accessed 20/3/07
#{{note|3}}'International Partnership - Airbus (BAE SYSTEMS 20%)', BAE website: http://www.baesystems.com/facts/index.htm, accessed 27 April 2002
#{{note|4}} BAE SYSTEMS Alternative Report 2001, CAAT website, pdf version: http://www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.pdf, html version: www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.html, accessed 29/4/02
#{{note|5}} BAE SYSTEMS Capabilities, BAE Systems Website: http://www.baesystems.com/Capabilities/HomelandSecurity/index.htm, accessed 20/3/07

BAe Systems: Products/Projects

2007-03-20T16:31:17Z

Michael: /* References */

As befits a ‘truly global’ company, [[BAe Systems]] covers a wide range of products and projects. Few of them, however, are anything that the ordinary consumer would ever buy. BAE products are mostly intended for the defence procurement of nation states, and to a lesser extent, the huge budgets of airlines such as British Airways.

BAE undertakes both large, capital-intensive projects such as the manufacture of the ‘Future Carrier’ (intended to replace Britain’s current ‘Invincible’ class of aircraft carrier) and smaller-scale, more intricate work - such as the development and manufacture of thermal imaging and radar equipment. Undoubtedly, however, and despite the rather beguiling ‘civilian applications’ section on their website, the majority of their production goes directly into military applications.

The Avionics department of BAE deals with the more intricate and small-scale projects, covering areas such as radar, weapon guidance systems, satellite communications technology, thermal imaging, and electronic warfare. All of these smaller products come into use in BAE’s own range of military vehicles, which, as they proudly point, out cover land, sea and air.{{ref|1}}

==Air==

BAE manufactures a wide range of military aircraft, from the now completed lines of Tornado and Harrier aircraft, to the infamous Hawk attack fighter, and to the joint European project of the Eurofighter. Other aircraft projects include the Gripen fighter (produced in collaboration with SAAB) and the much discussed American project, the Joint Strike Fighter. As well as having huge potential in the American market, one of the variants of the JSF is tipped to be the British Ministry of Defence replacement for the outdated Harrier jump jet.

==Sea==

On the sea, BAE has received provisional acceptance of its bid to construct the ‘Future Carriers’ (due to come online in 2012), and firm acceptance of its Type 45 Anti-Air Destroyers (the first of which, HMS Daring, will be operational in 2007). It also has a virtual monopoly on the British ship-building industry.

==Ground==

In ground warfare BAE has less of a presence, concentrating its capital intensive projects where they can benefit its manufacturing concerns (i.e. its shipyards). It is working on several projects for land based military application, however, including the Lancer recon vehicle, the description of which provides a prime example of BAE’s corporate-speak. As they so eloquently put it; "'Consequently, all the key functional areas of the LANCER fully integrated demonstrator vehicle feature the latest, de-risked emerging technologies applicable to future land systems environment solutions:....A highly lethal 40mm calibre weapon using unique cased telescoped ammunition and advanced fire control’".{{ref|2}} In other words, the Lancer project utilises BAE’s high technology engineering innovations to more effectively guide tanks to where they can kill people.

==Civilian Projects==

BAE does have some civilian projects, almost all of which are concerned with avionics. Its Avro RJ jet is no longer manufactured but is still in use by over 60 airlines. These include British Airways and Lufthansa. Its replacement, the Avro RJX, is likely to be similarly popular. BAE is also involved in the Airbus Industrie consortium with European partners, largely in manufacturing the wings for Airbus jets. Airbus is one of only two manufacturers in the market for commercial aircraft seating more than 100 passengers. Airbus captures around 50% of all commercial airline orders. Airbus is owned by BAE SYSTEMS and EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company), holding 20% and 80% respectively.{{ref|3}} However, it is rumoured that BAE may well exercise its prerogative to pull out of this project in 2004 in favour of more military projects.{{ref|4}} After all, the civilian aircraft business is facing a depression at the time of writing, whereas the military sector certainly is not.

==References==
#{{note|1}} BAE SYSTEMS Facts, Business Units, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/index.htm, accessed 20/3/07
#{{note|2}} 'LANCER', BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/Newsroom/NewsReleases/2002/press_170620021.html, accessed 20/3/07
#{{note|3}}'International Partnership - Airbus (BAE SYSTEMS 20%)', BAE website: http://www.baesystems.com/facts/index.htm, accessed 27 April 2002
#{{note|4}} BAE SYSTEMS Alternative Report 2001, CAAT website, pdf version: http://www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.pdf, html version: www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.html, accessed 29/4/02

BAe Systems: Products/Projects

2007-03-20T16:30:42Z

Michael: /* Ground */

As befits a ‘truly global’ company, [[BAe Systems]] covers a wide range of products and projects. Few of them, however, are anything that the ordinary consumer would ever buy. BAE products are mostly intended for the defence procurement of nation states, and to a lesser extent, the huge budgets of airlines such as British Airways.

BAE undertakes both large, capital-intensive projects such as the manufacture of the ‘Future Carrier’ (intended to replace Britain’s current ‘Invincible’ class of aircraft carrier) and smaller-scale, more intricate work - such as the development and manufacture of thermal imaging and radar equipment. Undoubtedly, however, and despite the rather beguiling ‘civilian applications’ section on their website, the majority of their production goes directly into military applications.

The Avionics department of BAE deals with the more intricate and small-scale projects, covering areas such as radar, weapon guidance systems, satellite communications technology, thermal imaging, and electronic warfare. All of these smaller products come into use in BAE’s own range of military vehicles, which, as they proudly point, out cover land, sea and air.{{ref|1}}

==Air==

BAE manufactures a wide range of military aircraft, from the now completed lines of Tornado and Harrier aircraft, to the infamous Hawk attack fighter, and to the joint European project of the Eurofighter. Other aircraft projects include the Gripen fighter (produced in collaboration with SAAB) and the much discussed American project, the Joint Strike Fighter. As well as having huge potential in the American market, one of the variants of the JSF is tipped to be the British Ministry of Defence replacement for the outdated Harrier jump jet.

==Sea==

On the sea, BAE has received provisional acceptance of its bid to construct the ‘Future Carriers’ (due to come online in 2012), and firm acceptance of its Type 45 Anti-Air Destroyers (the first of which, HMS Daring, will be operational in 2007). It also has a virtual monopoly on the British ship-building industry.

==Ground==

In ground warfare BAE has less of a presence, concentrating its capital intensive projects where they can benefit its manufacturing concerns (i.e. its shipyards). It is working on several projects for land based military application, however, including the Lancer recon vehicle, the description of which provides a prime example of BAE’s corporate-speak. As they so eloquently put it; "'Consequently, all the key functional areas of the LANCER fully integrated demonstrator vehicle feature the latest, de-risked emerging technologies applicable to future land systems environment solutions:....A highly lethal 40mm calibre weapon using unique cased telescoped ammunition and advanced fire control’".{{ref|2}} In other words, the Lancer project utilises BAE’s high technology engineering innovations to more effectively guide tanks to where they can kill people.

==Civilian Projects==

BAE does have some civilian projects, almost all of which are concerned with avionics. Its Avro RJ jet is no longer manufactured but is still in use by over 60 airlines. These include British Airways and Lufthansa. Its replacement, the Avro RJX, is likely to be similarly popular. BAE is also involved in the Airbus Industrie consortium with European partners, largely in manufacturing the wings for Airbus jets. Airbus is one of only two manufacturers in the market for commercial aircraft seating more than 100 passengers. Airbus captures around 50% of all commercial airline orders. Airbus is owned by BAE SYSTEMS and EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company), holding 20% and 80% respectively.{{ref|3}} However, it is rumoured that BAE may well exercise its prerogative to pull out of this project in 2004 in favour of more military projects.{{ref|4}} After all, the civilian aircraft business is facing a depression at the time of writing, whereas the military sector certainly is not.

==References==
#{{note|1}} BAE SYSTEMS Facts, Business Units, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/index.htm, accessed 20/3/07
#{{note|2}} 'LANCER', BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/facts/pages/prog/lancer.htm, accessed 29/4/02
#{{note|3}}'International Partnership - Airbus (BAE SYSTEMS 20%)', BAE website: http://www.baesystems.com/facts/index.htm, accessed 27 April 2002
#{{note|4}} BAE SYSTEMS Alternative Report 2001, CAAT website, pdf version: http://www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.pdf, html version: www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.html, accessed 29/4/02

BAe Systems: Products/Projects

2007-03-20T16:22:30Z

Michael: /* References */

As befits a ‘truly global’ company, [[BAe Systems]] covers a wide range of products and projects. Few of them, however, are anything that the ordinary consumer would ever buy. BAE products are mostly intended for the defence procurement of nation states, and to a lesser extent, the huge budgets of airlines such as British Airways.

BAE undertakes both large, capital-intensive projects such as the manufacture of the ‘Future Carrier’ (intended to replace Britain’s current ‘Invincible’ class of aircraft carrier) and smaller-scale, more intricate work - such as the development and manufacture of thermal imaging and radar equipment. Undoubtedly, however, and despite the rather beguiling ‘civilian applications’ section on their website, the majority of their production goes directly into military applications.

The Avionics department of BAE deals with the more intricate and small-scale projects, covering areas such as radar, weapon guidance systems, satellite communications technology, thermal imaging, and electronic warfare. All of these smaller products come into use in BAE’s own range of military vehicles, which, as they proudly point, out cover land, sea and air.{{ref|1}}

==Air==

BAE manufactures a wide range of military aircraft, from the now completed lines of Tornado and Harrier aircraft, to the infamous Hawk attack fighter, and to the joint European project of the Eurofighter. Other aircraft projects include the Gripen fighter (produced in collaboration with SAAB) and the much discussed American project, the Joint Strike Fighter. As well as having huge potential in the American market, one of the variants of the JSF is tipped to be the British Ministry of Defence replacement for the outdated Harrier jump jet.

==Sea==

On the sea, BAE has received provisional acceptance of its bid to construct the ‘Future Carriers’ (due to come online in 2012), and firm acceptance of its Type 45 Anti-Air Destroyers (the first of which, HMS Daring, will be operational in 2007). It also has a virtual monopoly on the British ship-building industry.

==Ground==

In ground warfare BAE has less of a presence, concentrating its capital intensive projects where they can benefit its manufacturing concerns (i.e. its shipyards). It is working on several projects for land based military application, however, including the Lancer recon vehicle, the description of which provides a prime example of BAE’s corporate-speak. As they so eloquently put it; ‘the LANCER solution delivers a high degree of data capture, fusion, interpretation and communication with other assets including UAV’s inside the digitised battlespace’.{{ref|2}} In other words, the Lancer project utilises BAE’s high technology engineering innovations to more effectively guide tanks to where they can kill people.

==Civilian Projects==

BAE does have some civilian projects, almost all of which are concerned with avionics. Its Avro RJ jet is no longer manufactured but is still in use by over 60 airlines. These include British Airways and Lufthansa. Its replacement, the Avro RJX, is likely to be similarly popular. BAE is also involved in the Airbus Industrie consortium with European partners, largely in manufacturing the wings for Airbus jets. Airbus is one of only two manufacturers in the market for commercial aircraft seating more than 100 passengers. Airbus captures around 50% of all commercial airline orders. Airbus is owned by BAE SYSTEMS and EADS (European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company), holding 20% and 80% respectively.{{ref|3}} However, it is rumoured that BAE may well exercise its prerogative to pull out of this project in 2004 in favour of more military projects.{{ref|4}} After all, the civilian aircraft business is facing a depression at the time of writing, whereas the military sector certainly is not.

==References==
#{{note|1}} BAE SYSTEMS Facts, Business Units, BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/ProductsServices/index.htm, accessed 20/3/07
#{{note|2}} 'LANCER', BAE SYSTEMS website: http://www.baesystems.com/facts/pages/prog/lancer.htm, accessed 29/4/02
#{{note|3}}'International Partnership - Airbus (BAE SYSTEMS 20%)', BAE website: http://www.baesystems.com/facts/index.htm, accessed 27 April 2002
#{{note|4}} BAE SYSTEMS Alternative Report 2001, CAAT website, pdf version: http://www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.pdf, html version: www.caat.org.uk/companies/BAES2001.html, accessed 29/4/02