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National Domestic Extremism Unit

2016-02-23T18:38:48Z

Cedric Knight: correct past tense of "lead" is "led"

{{Police_Unit_sidebar|Series=Undercover Police Units|Name=National Domestic Extremism Unit (NDEU)|Alias=National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism (NCDE), National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit (NDEDIU)|Parents=[[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)]], [[Counter Terrorism Command]]|SubUnits=[[National Public Order Intelligence Unit|NPOIU]], National Domestic Extremism Team, [[National Extremism Tactical Coordination Unit|NETCU]], [[Confidential Intelligence Unit]]|Targets=[[Domestic Extremism]]|Dates=2004 to present}}

'''The National Domestic Extremism Unit''' refers to specialist police organisation that began life as the National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism (NCDE),<ref>There is no consistent title for this position, with various official documents using 'National Coordinator Domestic Extremism’, ‘National Coordinator - Domestic Extremism’, ‘National Coordinator of Domestic Extremism’, 'National Coordinator, Domestic Extremism' or 'National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism', and with or without a hyphen in Coordinator, and also National Domestic Extremism Coordinator. For convenience we have chosen to use 'National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism' or more generally NCDE.</ref> and was subsequently renamed the National Domestic Extremism Unit (NDEU) and more recently the National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit (NDEDIU). For much of its history it was controlled by the [[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)|Association of Chief Police Officers' Terrorism and Allied Matters Committee]], before being transferred to the the [[Metropolitan Police Service]]'s [[Counter Terrorism Command]] in the wake of the [[Mark Kennedy]] undercover scandal.

During its time under the control of ACPO, the NDEU consisted of a group of police units, several of which have gained national attention for their role in the policing of protests and deployment of undercover police into political and activist movements. These units were the [[National Public Order Intelligence Unit]] (NPOIU), [[National Extremism Tactical Coordination Unit]] (NETCU), National Domestic Extremism Team (NDET).<ref>The Welsh Extremism and Counter Terrorism Unit (WECTU), though performing functions similar to the NCDE/NDEU and also connected to ACPO’s Terrorism and Allied Matters Committee, appears to be a distinct unit that answered to Welsh police forces.</ref> Many began as separate units, or created out of the merger of smaller units around the UK. It was a sub-unit of the NPOIU, the [[Confidential Intelligence Unit]], which ran a number of infiltrators that targeted protest movements.

The unit is notable for its targeting of the letter bomber Miles Cooper and the animal rights campaign [[Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty]]. However, it has run into controversy over the [[Domestic Extremism| definition of domestic extremism]], its monitoring of peaceful protestors and recording of details on its database, its links with industry and the activities of undercover officers it used to target various protest movements, most notably Mark Kennedy.

This page gives '''a general overview''' of the units dealing with domestic extremism. 
For '''more detail''', see the following sub-pages:

:* [[National Domestic Extremism Unit: organisational history]]
:* [[National Domestic Extremism Unit: activities]]
:* [[National Domestic Extremism Unit: officers]]
:* [[Domestic Extremism]] (definition and history)
:* [[National Domestic Extremism Database]]

==Creation of the unit==

* ''For a detailed account of the history and organisation of the units see [[National Domestic Extremism Unit: organisational history]]''

Much of the impetus for the domestic extremism units came from the resurgence of militant animal right campaigning in the late 1990s and 2000s, particularly targeting the animal testing laboratory Huntingdon Life Sciences in Cambridgeshire and a new biotech laboratory in Oxford. Up to this point, activists were generally referred to as 'Animal Rights Extremists' by the police and press and in Parliamentary debates, with militant environmental campaigning being referred to as 'eco-terrorism' rather than extremism.<ref>Personal communication with animal rights and environmental activists corroborated by search of Parliamentary and press publications from the period.</ref>

A number of police units had been set up previously including
* [[National Public Order Intelligence Unit]] (NPOIU) - established in 1999 to target animal rights and environmental protestors.
* A specialist unit within the [[National Crime Squad]].

[[File:NDEU_timeline(1).png|frame]]

In 2004, following high profile activity by the animal rights movement the UK government reacted by establishing the National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism (NCDE) under the aegis of the [[Association of Chief Police Officers]]' [[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)|Terrorism and Allied Matters Committee]] (ACPO TAM). In the same year, the [[National Extremism Tactical Coordination Unit]] (NETCU) was created by Cambridgeshire Police, in conjunction with the National Crime Squad and funded by the Home Office.

From 2004 and 2006, there was a growth and consolidation of the role of National Coordinator of Domestic Extremism. The National Domestic Extremism Team was created to give the NCDE operational ability, while NETCU and NPOIU were gradually integrated into it. NETCU would be a source of practical knowledge and policing advice, including working with the private sector, while NPOIU would provide the intelligence. The third part would be the National Domestic Extremism Team, which was made up of officers seconded from other forces and carry out criminal investigations into animal rights and other protestors. This reorganisation was taking place when the 2005 July 7th bombings in London occurred, prompting a reorganising of counter-terrorism policing in the UK, particularly of those branches of the police which would have had oversight of the domestic extremism.<ref>This included the merging of the Metropolitan Police's Special Branch and Anti-Terrorism Branch into the combined Counter Terrorism Command, and the setting up of regional Counter Terrorism Units and Counter Terrorism Intelligence Units as part of a national Police counter terrorism network. See for example: DS Philip Williams, [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140122145147/http:/www.levesoninquiry.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Second-ws-of-Philip-Williams.pdf Witness Statement], Leveson Inquiry, 29 September 2011, p.9.</ref>

With the merging in of the NPOIU, the remit was able to extend beyond domestic extremism to public order which helped facilitate the extension of its original mission from focusing on animal rights to protest as a whole,<ref name="hmic.2012">Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary, [http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/review-of-national-police-units-which-provide-intelligence-on-criminality-associated-with-protest-20120202.pdf A Review of National Police Units which Provide Intelligence on Criminality Associated with Protest], 2 February 2012.</ref> based on the relationship between protest groups being active through marches and other demonstrations.

By the end of 2006, the roles of NPOIU, NETCU and NDET under the NCDE was intelligence, prevention and enforcement respectively, while ‘their core role is provide support and advice to police forces that remain responsible for intelligence, prevention and enforcement functions within their respective local force areas.’ <ref name="adapting.to.protest" />

While the NDCE and its units were funded primarily by the Home Office, it was independent of that department, and also worked with other departments such as the Department for Business, Innovation and Trade.<ref name="acpo.ncde" /> However, understanding of the picture of funding is hampered by refusal by ACPO and the Home Office to answer questions on the funding.<ref>See for example Metropolitan Police Service, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/current_postholder_office_of_ncd Current postholder, office of NCDE, Response to a FOIA request of David Cinzano], WhatDoTheyKnow.com, 22 December 2014, accessed 10 January 2015.</ref>. The unit's office address was given as 10 Victoria Street, London, SW1H ONN, which is the ACPO headquarters and which building is home to a number of other police organisations and Home Office units.<ref>[http://governmentbuildings.co.uk/properties/view/37754 10 Victoria Street], GovernmentBuildings.co.uk, accessed 30 August 2014; data sourced from data.gov.uk under the Open Government Licence.</ref>

===Role of the National Coordinator Domestic Extremism===

The head of the NCDE, the National Coordinator Domestic Extremism (NCDE -sometimes also given as NDEC) answered directly to ACPO's Terrorism and Allied Matters Committee.<ref name="WgD1w">Association of Chief Police Officers, "ACPO welcomes 'economic damage' amendment to the Serious Organised Crime and Police Bill", press release, 31 January 2005. Originally at [http://www.acpo.police.uk/asp/news/PRDisplay.asp?PR_GUID={CDE00F22-1020-4F1B-BED0-D64A9DE85DCC} ACPO website], archived at [http://archive.today/WgD1w archive.today] on 1 Mar 2006, accessed 19 June 2014.</ref> According to an interview on 25 July 2009, he had no ‘executive authority or control’ over police forces, and his only oversight was by way of reporting to the TAM committee. <ref name="adapting.to.protest">Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary, [http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/adapting-to-protest-nurturing-the-british-model-of-policing-20091125.pdf Adapting to Protest - Nurturing the British Model of Policing], November 2009.</ref> The main purpose of his role was ‘to coordinate the police response to single-issue, domestic extremism’.<ref name="somerset">Association of Chief Police Officers, [http://www.six.somerset.gov.uk/sixv3/do_download.asp?did=16137 Letter Bombs - Police Issue Warning], press release, 7 February 2007, accessed 19 June 2014.</ref> In 2012 it was described as providing ‘strategic support and direction to police forces dealing with domestic extremism investigations’.<ref name="hmic.2012" />

In December 2014, the Metropolitan Police confirmed that the role of NCDE was still existent and the title given to the head of the NDEDIU.<ref name="cinzano-foia.1">Metropolitan Police Service, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/current_postholder_office_of_ncd?nocache=incoming-598619#incoming-598619 'Current postholder, office of NCDE' - Response by Metropolitan Police Service to FOIA request of David Cinzano], 22 December 2014, accessed 10 January 2015.</ref>

==Member Units (2004-2011)==

===NETCU===

[[File:NETCU_logo.jpg|thumb]]

NETCU was established in March 2004 by the Chief Constable of Cambridgeshire in response the animal rights campaign against Huntingdon Life Sciences<ref name="home.affairs">[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmhaff/837/83702.htm Thirteenth Report of Session 2012–13: Undercover Policing Interim Report], Home Affairs Select Committee, 26 February 2013.</ref> with Home Office funding and based out of Huntingdon. Initially it was part of the National Crime Squad.<ref name="st.1">POLICE: Top job for county cop in war on extremists, Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 5 April 2004.</ref> Its responsibility was to act as an interface between police and those companies / institutions who were the subject of campaigns and protests, as well as supporting local police forces by producing guidance. It later extended its interest to other protests, particularly environmental. A similar unit, WETCU, was also established in Wales.

Much of the work of NCDE and NDEU was often attributed to NETCU by protestors; as the more public face of the various units, it attracted most attention, including monitoring by blogs such as NETCU-Watch.

* See also [[National Extremism Tactical Coordination Unit|NETCU]]

===NPIOU ===

[[File:NPOIU_logo.jpg|thumb|That this logo was used by the NPOIU is unconfirmed.]]

The NPIOU was formed in 1999 as part of a national strategy within ACPO around public order issues, and funded by the Home Office, in particular:<ref>[https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/152949/response/371088/attach/3/6313%20ACPO%20Response%2020032013.pdf Response to FOIA Request of Mr. Graham], Metropolitan Police, 20 March 2013, accessed 10 January 2015.</ref>
: it was established to support police forces in managing the intelligence around the threat to communities from public disorder connected to domestic extremism and single issue campaigning.

Its basis was the [[Animal Rights National Index]],<ref>As yet unconfirmed, it appears that the Animal Rights National Index was for a while part of the [[National Crime Intelligence Unit]], a sister unit to the National Crime Squad.</ref> and rooted within Special Branch,<ref>Prime organizers were the Metropolitan Police Special Branch commanders [[Barry Moss]] who was expected to lead the unit (see Jason Bennetto, [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/police-unit-to-target-green-protesters-1183182.html Police unit to target green protesters], ''The Independent'', 7 November 1998, accessed 10 January 2015) and Roger Pearce, as well as then Assistant Commissioner for Specialist Operations, [[David Veness]] (Minutes of ACPO's [[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)|Terrorism and Allied Matters committee]] meetings relating to the establishment of the NPOIU, 1998-2000, hard copy released through Freedom of Information Act request).</ref> through which it drew upon officers from the [[Special Demonstration Squad]].<ref name="herne.1">Mick Creedon, [http://www.derbyshire.police.uk/Documents/About-Us/Herne/Operation-Herne---Report-1---Covert-Identities.pdf Operation Herne: Report 1 - Use of Covert Identities], Derbyshire Constabulary, July 2013, page 79.</ref> Pre-existing intelligence gathering units - the [[Northern Intelligence Unit]] and the [[Southern Intelligence Unit]] that had monitored travellers and protestors during the 1990s - were incorporated into it as satellite organisations. <ref name="npoiu.foia.1">Minutes of ACPO's [[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)|Terrorism and Allied Matters committee]] meetings relating to the establishment of the NPOIU, 1998-2000, hard copy released through a Freedom of Information Act request.</ref> Later its work was described as: <ref name="hmic.2013">Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary, [http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/national-police-units-which-provide-intelligence-on-criminality-associated-with-protest-progress-review.pdf A review of progress made against the recommendations in HMIC’s 2012 report on the national police units which provide intelligence on criminality associated with protest], June 2013.</ref>
: to reduce criminality and disorder from domestic extremism and to support forces in the way they dealt with strategic public order issues, including by gathering intelligence through the deployment of undercover officers.

It was charged with maintaining a database on protestors and activists, but early on it created a sub-unit, the Confidential Intelligence Unit (CIU) which ran infiltrators. It is known that undercover officer Mark Kennedy was deployed by CIU in 2003, but he is believed to have replaced an earlier officer, [[Rod Richardson]] who was active from 1999 to 2003.

* See also [[National Public Order Intelligence Unit|NPOIU]]

===NDET===

[[File:NDET_logo.jpg|thumb]]

NDET was a unit of detectives set up in 2005<ref name="hmic.2012" /> by ACPO to provide assistance - practical and intelligence - to police forces facing protests from 'domestic extremists', and to look at all crimes 'linked to single-issue type causes and campaigns'. In particular, it was 'responsible for co-ordinating police operations and investigations against domestic campaigns and extremists, as well as identifying possible linked crimes across the country.<ref name="acpo.ncde">Association of Chief Police Officers, [http://www.acpo.police.uk/ncde/ National Co-ordinator Domestic Extremism, Frequently Asked Questions], circa 2010-2011, archived by Undercover Research Group.</ref> The unit came to public attention when it led the investigation into the letter bomber Miles Cooper<ref name="somerset" /> and was asked to assist the investigation into the hacking of the Climate Research Unit at University of East Anglia.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/norfolk/8453117.stm Police extremist unit helps climate change e-mail probe], ''BBC News Online'', 11 January 2010, accessed 30 August 2014.</ref> It also oversaw Operation Achillies under DCI [[Andy Robbins]] which investigated Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (see below).

==2011: Reorganisation and downsizing==

In 2009 and 2010 a number of reports highlighted issues of weak governance and oversight within the units.<ref name="home.affairs" /> At the time the NDEU had a staff of about 100 and a budget of 8.1million.<ref name="rwsY" /> It was decided to move it from ACPO's control<ref name="hmic.2012" /> and to merge the role of National Co-ordinator for Domestic Extremism and the three units under him into one unit- the National Domestic Extremism Unit (NDEU).<ref name="hmic.2013" /><ref>[http://www.acpo.police.uk/NationalPolicing/NationalDomesticExtremismUnit/AboutNDEU.aspx National Domestic Extremism Unit], ACPO site. Accessed 2 October 2013.</ref><ref>Association of Chief Police Officers, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/100077/response/250841/attach/3/0812%20ACPO%20Response%2002022012.pdf Letter from ACPO in response to a FOIA request], 2 February 2012, accessed 30 August 2014.</ref> This was finalised in January 2011, at a meeting of ACPO's top decision body, the Chief Constables Council.<ref name="herne.1" /> DCS Adrian Tudway was appointed as the new NCDE - replacing Setchell who had been told to resign that month.<ref name="telegraph.1" />

For the most part, the activities of the combined unit were to remain the same,<ref name="acpo.1">Association of Chief Police Officers, [http://www.acpo.police.uk/NationalPolicing/NDEDIU/AboutNDEDIU.aspx About NDEDIU], undated, accessed 19 June 2014.</ref> including the handling 'intelligence related threats across force, national and international boundaries’ - inherited from the NPOIU <ref name="rules.of.engagement">Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary, [http://www.hmic.gov.uk/media/a-review-of-the-august-2011-disorders-20111220.pdf The Rules of Engagement: A review of the August 2011 disorders], 20 December 2011, para. 2.35.</ref>

The merger of January 2011 involved a downsizing of the units, the loss of senior officers and budget cuts put in place.<ref name="telegraph.1">Jason Lewis, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8131131/Did-police-cutbacks-allow-extremists-to-hijack-student-demonstrations.html Did police cutbacks allow extremists to hijack student demonstrations?], ''The Telegraph'', 14 November 2011, accessed 19 June 2014.</ref> The unit itself was given lesser status with Setchell's two successors as NCDE, Tudway and Greany (see below), not given the rank with the ‘seniority of a chief officer’, <ref name="hmic.2012" /> but holding the lesser with rank of Detective Chief Superintendent.<ref>Metropolitan Police Service, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/police_11 Police - Response to FOIA request of Ashley Davis of 5 November 2013], WhatDoTheyKnow.com, 5 December 2013, accessed 30 August 2014.</ref><ref name="rwsY">Police on 'tightrope' at protests, Press Association, 23 November 2010. Orginally at [http://www.pressassociation.com/component/pafeeds/2010/11/23/police_on_tightrope_at_protests Press Association website], archived at [http://archive.today/rwsY archive.today] on 11 Sept 2012, accessed 19 June 2014. Note: date on page refers to the date it was archived; actual date of article derived in this case from the page's URL.</ref> The newly combined National Domestic Extremism Unit formally transferred to the control of the Metropolitan Police's [[Counter Terrorism Command]] on 1 June 2011.<ref name="catt.judgement" />

At the same time downsizing and merging was taking place, the scandal around [[Mark Kennedy]], an NPOIU undercover officer, was breaking. This led the Minister for Police, Nick Herbert to declare of the units that ‘operationally something has gone very wrong’, <ref>[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmhaff/695/11011803.htm Examination of Witnesses (Question Numbers 199-240) Rt Hon Nick Herbert MP], Home Affairs Select Committee, 18 January 2011, accessed 18 June 2014.</ref> and subsequently stripped the NDEU of its operational powers, in particular its ability to infiltrate protest movements with undercover officers. <ref>James Slack, [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1348380/Police-chief-body-loss-power-run-undercover-unit-Mark-Kennedy-scandal.html Police chiefs body loses power to run undercover units in wake of eco-warrior spy scandal], ''Daily Mail'', 18 January 2011, accessed 19 June 2014.</ref>

===Transfer of control to the Metropolitan Police===

Following the transfer, the NDEU initially retained the intelligence collection, investigation support and awareness raising functions of its precursor units: <ref name="hmic.2012" /> One of its subunits was the [[Strategic Threat Assessment]], which was one of two police organisations identifying threats to public order. Listed as events which provided practical learning experiences for the policing of large scale disorder were the G20 protests, English Defence League demonstrations and the August 2011 riots, in all of which NDEU has played a role. <ref name="nat.pol.req.">Association of Chief Police Officers, [http://www.acpo.police.uk/documents/futures/2012/201210-futures-nat-pol-req.pdf National Policing Requirement], 2012, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>

Oversight of the NDEU was placed under Senior National Coordinator for Counter Terrorism.<ref name="hmic.2012" /> The Head of NDEU, then reported through the head of the MPS’s [[Counter Terrorism Command]] to the Chair of the ACPO [[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)|Terrorism and Allied Matters]] Business Area; while the unit continued to be funded by ACPO and the Home Office. <ref name="protecting.the.public">Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/176317/response/435879/attach/4/Protecting%20the%20Public.pdf Protecting the public: Police coordination in the new landscape], 14 August 2012, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref> The ACPO Terrorism and Allied Committee continued to provide ‘the development of police service policy and strategy in respect of relevant counter terrorism, domestic extremism and other policing themes.’ <ref>Association of Chief Police Officers, [http://www.acpo.police.uk/documents/FoI%20publication/Disclosure%20Logs/Terrorism%20&%20Allied%20Matters%20FOI/2012/150%2012%20ACPO%20Response%20-%20TAM%20Staff%20Structure.pdf Freedom of Information Request Reference Number: 000150/12 - TAM Staff Structure], undated, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>

Though now housed with the Metropolitan Police, it retained its national function, and had officers seconded from other forces.<ref>West Yorkshire Police and Crime Commissioner, [http://www.westyorkshire-pcc.gov.uk/media/6480/workforce-data-2011-12-250512.pdf Personnel Information Systems - Police & Police Staff Strength as at March 2012], undated, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>

===Renamed to NDEDIU===

In 1 May 2013 the NDEU was formally renamed the National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit (NDEDIU) <ref name="acpo.1" />. It retained control of its database / intelligence gathering function (see below) and continued to lead investigations, most notably that leading to the imprisonment of SHAC activist Debbie Vincent in 2014.

Subsequently, the NDEDIU was organized into two units (following acceptance of the NDEU Business Development Plan for the Establishment of a National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit put forward in October 2012 and agreed by ACPO’s Chief Constables Council in May 2013): <ref name="hmic.2013" />
::* a) Protest and Disorder Intelligence Unit. This unit collates and provides strategic analysis relating to protest and disorder across the UK; and
::* b) Domestic Extremism Intelligence Unit. This unit provides strategic analysis of domestic extremism intelligence within the UK and overseas.

==Definition of Domestic Extremism==

* ''For more detail on the definition, see: [[Domestic Extremism]]''

There is no legal definition of domestic extremism. The term emerged in the early 2000s as a way of characterising militant animal rights campaigns. From there it expanded to cover those 'that carry out criminal direct action in furtherance of a campaign. These people and activities usually seek to prevent something from happening or to change legislation or domestic policy, but attempt to do so outside of the normal democratic process."<ref name="guardian-2009-10-25">[http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/oct/25/police-surveillance-protest-domestic-extremism How police rebranded lawful protest as 'domestic extremism'], ''The Guardian'', 25 October 2009. Accessed 25 December 2013.</ref>

In 2011, the ACPO website for the NCDE stated the following:<ref name="NCDE.FAQ.2011">Association of Chief Police Officers, [http://www.acpo.police.uk/NationalPolicing/NCDENationalCoordinatorDomesticExtremism/FAQ.aspx NCDE National Coordinator Domestic Extremism, Frequently Asked Questions], 2011. This link is now dead, but has been archived by Undercover Research Group.</ref>
: ''Who is considered a domestic extremist?'' Single issue protest campaigns are regularly facilitated by police and local authorities who each have a duty to uphold the rights of individuals and groups to protest in public. However, in recent years, a small number of groups and individuals have pursued a determined course of criminal activity designed to disrupt the public peace and lawful business, and at worst, repeatedly victimise selected individuals. This activity has ranged from blackmail and serious intimidation in the name of animal rights; bombing campaigns by violent and racist individuals associated with far right wing groups; violent disorder from left wing or anarchist individuals, to large scale criminal damage against scientific GM crops studies and mass aggravated trespass or unlawful obstruction of lawful businesses associated with the national infrastructure of our country, such as power stations and airports by those who’s stated aim is to stop any business perceived to harm the environment.

In 2014 a revised working definition was provided by the Metropolitan Police as:<ref name="blowe.foia.1">Metropolitan Police Service, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/national_domestic_extremism_and#incoming-504973 Response by Metropolitan Police Service to a FOIA request made by Kevin Blowe (No: 2014030001361)], WhatDoTheyKnow.com, 11 April 2014.</ref>
: Domestic Extremism relates to the activity of groups or individuals who commit or plan serious criminal activity motivated by a political or ideological viewpoint.

===Targeting of lawful protest===

The broad definition of domestic extremism caused controversy when it was realized it was being used by the police to monitor all protest groups regardless of their intentions towards what might be deemed criminal behaviour. It was also noted that the phrase carried no legal definition and had a very wide interpretation. This led to a campaign by various groups around the criminalization of protest and in relation to the retaining of data on the NPOIU / NDEU database.

The 2011 ACPO / NCDE website repeated maintained that it did not target lawful protestors:<ref name="NCDE.FAQ.2011"/>
:The National Domestic Extremism Unit does not usually focus those who choose to protest peacefully and lawfully. The unit is mainly concerned with those who commit criminal offences in furtherance of their campaign.

However, during a 2014 trial it was revealed that two long standing NDEU officers, Ian Caswell (retired) & Christopher Cowley, had carried out frequent surveillance of peaceful demonstrations, including photographing individuals, logging when the entered or left private events / gatherings and recording number plates.<ref>Blackmail3 Solidarity, [http://www.indatdymedia.org.uk/en/2014/03/515954.html?c=on Blackmail3 Court Case Update], ''Indymedia UK'', 16 March 2014, accessed 26 August 2014.</ref><ref>It should be noted that protestors often confused the various police units, often wrongly assuming that all police officers monitoring protests, including [[Forward Intelligence Teams]] were part of NETCU, which because of its more public role in injunctions had a much higher profile than the other units. See for example, the [http://netcu.wordpress.com/ NETCU WATCH!] website, and [http://www.corporatewatch.org/sites/default/files/State%20Crackdown%20on%20Anti-Corporate%20Dissent.pdf State Crackdown on Anti-Corporate Dissent], ''Corporate Watch'', 2009. It was not until 2011 that a wider understanding of the make up and history of the domestic extremism units became better known - see [http://www.corporatewatch.org/content/january-19-2011-farewell-netcu-brief-history-how-protest-movements-have-been-targeted Farewell to NETCU: A brief history of how protest movements have been targeted by political policing], ''Corporate Watch'', 19 January 2011.</ref> This backed up long standing complaints by protest groups and others that the criminalisation of otherwise lawful protest was effectively taking place.<ref>See for example, the [http://www.fitwatch.org.uk FITWatch] campaign and [http://www.corporatewatch.org/sites/default/files/State%20Crackdown%20on%20Anti-Corporate%20Dissent.pdf State Crackdown on Anti-Corporate Dissent], ''Corporate Watch'', 2009.</ref>

==Work of the domestic extremism units==

* ''See main page: [[National Domestic Extremism Unit: activities]]''

A 2009 the work carried out by the domestic extremism units was for stated as 'reducing or removing the threat, criminality and public disorder that arises from domestic extremism in England and Wales specifically, and the UK generally'; it went on to categorise domestic extremism as:<ref>National Co-ordinator Domestic Extremism, [http://www.planestupid.com/docs/ACPO_CUI_job.rtf Head of Confidential Intelligence Unit (Job Description)], 2009, acquired and published by Plane Stupid, accessed 10 January 2015. This description has been echoed in other documents - see under [[Domestic Extremism]] for further details.</ref>
* Animal Rights Extremism
* Environment Extremism
* Extreme Right Wing
* Extreme Left Wing
* Emerging Threats

Though animal rights provided the motivation for creating the domestic extremism units, from early on its work encompassed other movements such as anti-capitalism, eco-defence and peace movements,<ref>For example, see Association of Chief Police Officers, [https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/191598/response/487071/attach/4/ACPO%202007%20Guidance%20on%20Dealing%20with%20the%20Removal%20of%20Protestors.pdf ACPO Manual of Guidance on DEALING WITH THE REMOVAL OF PROTESTORS FASLANE 365 2006 - 2007], 2007.</ref> while the careers of [[Lynn Watson_(alias)|"Lynn Watson"]] and Mark Kennedy show a clear interest in environmental campaigns such as Climate Camp, and also anti-fascism.

In 2013, Assistant Commissioner for Specialist Operations, [[Cressida Dick]] said the 'National Domestic Extremism and Disorder Intelligence Unit (NDEDIU) sets the national strategic direction for understanding extremist threats to the UK. It has a wide range of international partners which it works with, particularly law enforcement and security agencies in Europe.'<ref>[http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/home-affairs/CT-Written-Evidence.pdf Update by Assistant Commissioner Cressida Dick on the murder of Drummer Lee Rigby], Home Affairs Select Committee, June 2013, accessed 31 January 2015.</ref>

===NDEU / NPOIU database and intelligence gathering===

* ''For more detail see: [[National Domestic Extremism Database]]''

One the functions of the NPOIU was the maintaining a database of individuals related to protest, something it had inherited from the Animal Rights National Index. Over time this database, known as the National Domestic Extremism Database grew to include images and details of up to 9000 protestors.<ref>Paul Lewis, Rob Evans and Vikram Dodd, [http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jun/25/undercover-police-domestic-extremism-unit National police unit monitors 9,000 'domestic extremists'], ''The Guardian'', 26 June 2013, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref> Officers from the domestic extremism units were regularly seen at protests and other political gatherings noting details and taking photographs,<ref>The monitoring of activists is regularly chronicled on sites such as [http://www.fitwatch.org.uk FITWatch.org.uk] and [http://indymedia.org.uk Indymedia.org.uk].</ref> As well as its own officers, it gathers intelligence from other forces and specialist units<ref name="hmic.2013" /><ref>Metropolitan Police Service, [https://netpol.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/uk-met-plo-foi-aims.pdf Police Liaison "Gateway" Team], document released following FOIA request of Kevin Blowe and published by Netpol in June 2014.</ref>, and uses specialist software to scan social media.<ref name="wired.1">Paul Wright, [http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2013-06/26/socmint Meet Prism's little brother: Socmint], ''Wired'', 26 June 2013, accessed 26 August 2014.</ref>

It became a subject of controversy when campaigners claimed that it was helping to criminalize protest.<ref>Paul Mobbs / The Free Range Network, [http://www.fraw.org.uk/pubs/q02.html Paper Q2: Britain’s Secretive Police Force], ''electrohippies project'', April 2009, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref> Further controversy was added when it became known that ‘spotter cards’ based on it were being issued to local police at major events, <ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/oct/25/spotter-cards Spotter cards: What they look like and how they work], ''The Guardian'', 25 October 2009, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref> and later when it emerged that much of the detail on it related to lawful activity.<ref>Kevin Blowe, [http://www.blowe.org.uk/2014/02/secret-diary-of-olympic-domestic.html Secret Diary of an Olympic Domestic Extremist], ''Random Blowe'' (blog), 5 February 2014, accessed 24 June 2014.</ref> Following two court cases which found police retention of protestor surveillance breached human rghts,<ref name="catt.judgement">[http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2013/192.html Judgment in case of Catt vs Association of Chief Police Offices and ors.], Court of Appeal (Civil Division), (2013) EWCA Civ 192, 14 March 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2009/414.html Judgment in Wood v Commissioner of the Metropolis], Court of Appeal (Civil Division), 2009 EWCA Civ 414, 21 May 2009.</ref> and two inspections by HM Inspectorate of Constabulary, it was ordered to be cleaned up and better processes put in place.<ref name="hmic.2012" /> However, it remains in place being one of the key functions of the domestic extremism units that has survived the reorganization and transfer to the Metropolitan Police, and the fallout from the Mark Kennedy scandal. <ref name="hmic.2013" />

It has been the subject of a number of legal challenges over the validity and retention of data on it (see [[National Domestic Extremism Database]] for further detail).

===Targeting Animal Rights===

A central aspect of the NCDE / NDEU work was the targeting of animal rights campaigns, in particular Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty and SPEAK. In this it worked in collaboration with five other forces as part of an extensive set of operations.<ref name="gordon.mills">Gordon Mills, [http://ethik.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/inst_ethik_wiss_dialog/Mills__Gordon_2013_AR_Policicing_in_GB_successes.pdf The successes and failures of policing animal rights extremism in the UK 2004–2010], ''International Journal of Police Science & Management'', Vol. 15, No.1, 18 February 2013.</ref>

In 2007 it saw the arrest of 32 people and the subsequent conviction in 2008 and 2009 of a number of leading SHAC activists. At its height, it was the largest police operation of its time in the UK,<ref>[http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/5860/Police-quiz-animal-activists Police quiz animal activists], ''The Express'', 1 May 2007, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref> involving 700 police officers, including from Holland and Belgium, and involved the bugging of homes and cars.<ref>Robin Turner, [http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/jailed-animal-activist-speaks-behind-2130791 Jailed animal activist speaks from behind bars], ''Wales Online'', 25 January 2009, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>

As part of these operations, it is known the NCDE / NDEU collaborated with other parts of the justice system, including working with the Crown Prosecution Service.<ref name="gordon.mills" /> NETCU also played a leading role in assisting civil injunctions to be taken out.<ref>Personal Communication from Dr. Max Gastone.</ref>

===Monitoring the Far Right===

On 27 April 2011, the then National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism, DCS Adrian Tudway caused anger in the Muslim community when he wrote that he did not consider the anti-Islamist [[English Defence League]] as ‘not extreme right-wing as a group’ and that a ‘line of dialogue’ should be opened with them. <ref name="guardian.2.09.2011">Vikram Dodd & Matthew Taylor, [http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/sep/02/english-defence-league-muslims-police Muslims criticise Scotland Yard for telling them to engage with EDL], ''The Guardian'', 2 September 2011, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>

However, from May 2011 the NDEU worked with local police forces to obtain anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) against EDL members<ref>For further details see under [[National Domestic Extremism Unit: activities]].</ref>

Home Office minister James Brokenshire said in 2013 that the NDEU was involved in collating and analyzing intelligence on the Far Right.<ref>[http://icsr.info/2013/03/home-office-ministers-speech-at-icsr-2/ Transcript of speech of James Brokenshire], ''International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation'', 15 March 2013, accessed 29 June 2014.</ref> This included analysing footage of EDL protests to see if Norwegian mass murderer Anders Behring Breivik had taken part in their demonstrations.<ref>Jonathan Calvert, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/investigators-believe-massacre-accused-anders-behring-breivik-had-surgery-to-look-aryan/story-e6frg6so-1226105349503?nk=ad1b48206671bdf0533ad6a2956ad48f Anders Behring Breivik had surgery to look 'Aryan'], ''The Australian'', 31 July 2011, accessed 22 June 2014.</ref>

===August 2011: the London riots===

During the August 2011 riots, the NDEU provided ‘support and daily tension briefings’ for the President of ACPO who was attending COBR meetings with the Government. This followed the Police National Information and Coordination Centre being overwhelmed by the demands being placed on it due to the scale of the disorder.

==Relationship with private security==

A number of officers involved in the domestic extremism units have gone on to work in the private security and intelligence world.<ref name="netcu.revisit"> Undercover Research Group, [http://www.corporatewatch.org/news/2014/aug/06/re-visiting-netcu-police-collaboration-industry Re-visiting NETCU - Police Collaboration with Industry], ''Corporate Watch'', 6 August 2014, accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>
The 2012 HMIC report into the units stated:<ref name="hmic.2012"/>
: A close relationship was built up over a number of years between the NDEU and those industries which found themselves the target of protests, to raise awareness of threats and risk so that damage and injury could be prevented. A number of police officers have retired from NDEU's precursor units and continued their careers in the security industry, using their skills and experience for commercial purposes.

In particular, NETCU is known for close links with with the vivisection and pharmaceutical industries, and it has been revealed that it met with blacklisting firm The Consultancy Association in November 2008.<ref>Chloe Stothart, [http://www.cnplus.co.uk/police-question-evidence-of-blacklisting-collusion/8654262.article Police question evidence of blacklisting collusion], ''Construction News'', 14 October 2013, accessed 10 January 2014.</ref>

==Other Undercover Research sources==

* See [[National Domestic Extremism Unit: officers]] for details of holders of the office National Coordinator for Domestic Extremism and other senior police officers involved in the leadership of the domestic extremism units.

* [[National Public Order Intelligence Unit]]
* [[National Extremism Tactical Coordination Unit]]
* [[Association of Chief Police Officers (Terrorism and Allied Matters)]]
* [[Special Demonstration Squad]]
* [[Mark Kennedy]]

==External Resources==

* [http://www.fraw.org.uk/pubs/q02.html Britain's Secretive Police Force – Politicising the Policing of Public Expression in an Era of Economic Change (Paper Q2)], ''electrohippies'', April 2009.

==Notes==

<references />

[[Category:UK Police Intelligence]]

Campaign Against Antisemitism UK

2016-02-21T10:33:42Z

Cedric Knight: /* 2015 Antisemitism poll */ + try to clarify that there were two polls, different methodologies, published together

The '''Campaign Against Antisemitism UK''' (CAA) was established in early August 2014. Its stated mission is to '[empower] individuals to counter antisemitism in all its forms, including both classical antisemitism as well as antisemitism which masquerades as political opposition to Israel'.<ref name="About">'[http://www.campaignagainstantisemitism.com/about-us/ About Us]', CampaignAgainstAntisemitism.com; accessed: 16 September, 2014 at 7.49am.</ref> It is led by [[Gideon Falter]] (chairman).<ref name="About" />

==Establishment==

The CAA was established 'by half-a-dozen activists and funded by private donations', presenting itself as a response to the alleged increase in the presence of anti-Israel and antisemitic behaviour and sentiment in the UK.<ref name="Peled">Daniella Peled, '[http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/.premium-1.615871 Shaken by post-Gaza war hostility, U.K. Jews push back]', Ha'aretz (15 September, 2014).</ref> It was set up in early August 2014, during Israel's '[[Operation Protective Edge]]' operation in Gaza.

In an account of his involvement, current CAA chairman [[Gideon Falter]] describes having been outraged during the Gaza conflict by the British media's 'insistence on holding Israel to exceptional, impossible standards', which 'helped to feed the oldest hatred'. The result was that in Britain 'Israel's case was deliberately stifled', while expressing 'support for Israel was enough to make the disinterested "right thinking" mainstream of British society wince'. His discomfort grew, he says, when pro-Palestinian protestors did not object to some in their midst who chanted antisemitic slogans. He was dismayed to find that the antisemites, at rallies and online, 'were not arrested'. At this point, [[Joseph Cohen]], [[Darren Borg]], [[Justin Chorn]] and [[Jordan Jay]] created a Facebook group, Campaign Against Antisemitism. When the Tricycle Theatre then decided to boycott the UK Jewish Film Festival (which was funded by the Israeli state), [[Rupert Nathan]] launched a Facebook campaign, which 'soon joined forces' with the CAA. [[Nathan Hopstein]] and [[Mandy Blumenthal]] also 'entered the fray'.

Falter sent the group a Facebook message with advice, and they admitted him as a member. He called in [[Jonathan Sacerdoti]] as a 'media man', and within a week, they had 'developed a plan': to call for 'zero tolerance enforcement of existing laws against anti-Semitism by the police'. According to Falter, the group and the subsequent rally outside the Royal Courts of Justice it organised was set up by a 'group of like-minded people who did not know each other just a month before'.<ref>Gideon Falter, '[http://www.jewishnews.co.uk/opinion-lets-turn-fear-anti-semitism/ Let’s turn fear of anti-Semitism into fight]', Jewish News (3 September, 2014).</ref>

==Activities==

The CAA presents itself as a grassroots direct-action alternative or supplement to the quieter, and for some British Jews complacent, approach supposedly taken by the [[Board of Deputies]]. Says the CAA:

<blockquote>Alongside the traditional channels (reporting antisemitism to the police and community security trust). We believe the community must also take direct action to combat the increasing hostility Anglo-Jewry is experiencing.

We counter antisemitic protests, seek out antisemites online and apply direct pressure to organisations and institutions that enable antisemitism in the UK.<ref name="About" /></blockquote>

===Demonstrations===
The group is primarily active online, but has also organised several demonstrations:

* '''7 August, 2014''': the group staged a protest outside the [[Tricycle Theatre]] against its dropping of the UK Jewish Film Festival, which is funded by the Israeli state.<ref>Sandy Rashty, '[http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/121189/uk-jewish-film-festival-banned UK Jewish Film Festival banned from the Tricycle Theatre: But some won’t attack boycott], Jewish Chronicle (7 August, 2014).</ref> It claimed an attendance of 350 people.<ref>CAA, [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/photos/a.1448332605445677.1073741830.1447162368896034/1449493075329630/?type=1 Facebook post] (7 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 2014, at 9.05am.</ref> Other sources reported 'more than 100'<ref>Anna Dubuis, Louise Jury and Alexandra Rucki, '[http://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/huge-protest-calling-on-boycott-of-tricycle-theatre-over-jewish-film-festival-ban-9655430.html Huge protest calling on boycott of Tricycle Theatre over Jewish Film Festival ban], Evening Standard (7 August, 2014).</ref> and 'around 250'.<ref>Sandy Rashty, '[http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/121281/demonstrators-tricycle-protest-against-uk-jewish-film-festival-boycott Demonstrators at Tricycle protest against UK Jewish Film Festival boycott]', Jewish Chronicle (7 August, 2014).</ref>

* '''31 August, 2014''': the CAA organised a rally against antisemitism, billed as a 'Rally to Demand Zero Tolerance of Antisemitism',<ref>CAA, '[https://www.facebook.com/events/1485391318385133/?ref=22 Rally to Demand Zero Tolerance of Antisemitism]', Facebook event page (22 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 2014, at 9.25am.</ref>. The organisers reported an attendance of 4,500<ref>CAA, [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism# Facebook post] (31 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 9.36am.</ref> in Central London, and was backed by the [[United Synagogue]] and the [[Office of the Chief Rabbi]]. CAA spokesperson [[Jonathan Sacerdoti]] urged a 'zero tolerance' approach to 'turn the tide' of antisemitism, and claimed British Jews 'feel overlooked and not protected enough'.<ref>Anil Dawar, '[http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/504090/Rallying-call-to-halt-anti-Semitic-attacks Police must do more to tackle the rise of anti-Semitism, campaigners say]', Daily Express (28 August, 2014).</ref> Speakers at the rally included Chief Rabbi [[Ephraim Mirvis]], [[Maajid Nawaz]] (founder, [[Quilliam Foundation]]), Rabbi [[Laura Janner Klausner]] (senior Rabbi, Reform Judaism), Rabbi [[Josef Dwek]] (senior Rabbi, Spanish and Portuguese Jews' Congregation), [[Bernie Yaffe]] (of [[Manchester Friends of Israel]], [[Gerry Gable]] (former editor of the anti-fascist [[Searchlight]] magazine), [[Stephen Pack]] (president, [[United Synagogue]], the Board of Deputies' [[Vivian Wineman]] (president) and [[Laura Marks]] (vice-president) and neoconservative commentator [[Douglas Murray]]. Its "media partner" was [[Jewish News]].<ref>'[http://www.jewishnews.co.uk/pictures-thousands-rally-zero-tolerance-anti-semitism/ IN PICTURES: Thousands rally for zero tolerance to anti-Semitism], Jewish News (2 September, 2014); CAA, [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1469354923343445 Facebook post] (31 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 2014, at 9.40am.</ref> The day after the rally, Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] expressed concern over 'growing reports of antisemitism on our own streets here in Britain'.<ref>'[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTAfAQ030OQ Following Campaign Against Antisemitism's rally, David Cameron speaks out against antisemitism]', YouTube video (uploaded 1 September, 2014, by Jonathan Sacerdoti); accessed: 16 September 2014, at 9.43am.</ref>

* '''4 September, 2014''': CAA members staged a counter-protest against a demo by the 'increasingly hostile BDS movement' outside Marks & Spencer's in Marble Arch. They report being 'subjected to a range of antisemitic abuse', including 'Nazi salutes', and that 'a number of arrests followed'.<ref>CAA, [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1472388299706774 Facebook post], (5 September, 13:05).</ref>

* '''11 January, 2015''': CAA invited its Facebook followers to attend a demonstration in Trafalgar Square organised by the French Embassy in response to an attack on a kosher supermarket in Paris, in which four hostages were killed.<ref>CAA, [https://www.facebook.com/events/773578589389484/?ref=3&ref_newsfeed_story_type=regular Facebook Event]' (10 January, 2015); accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10:14.</ref> The CAA designed placards reading Je Suis Juif - a reference to the 'Je Suis Charlie' slogan widely voiced to express solidarity with the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo, 12 of whose staff were killed in an attack by two gunmen on 7 January, 2015.<ref>CAA, '[https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1540446192900984 Facebook post]' (11 January, 2015); accessed: 14 January 2015, at 10:18.</ref>

===Facebook campaigns===

As well as its [http://antisemitism.uk/ website] ([http://www.campaignagainstantisemitism.com former URL]), the CAA maintains an active [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism Facebook group], which as of 14 January 2015 has 6,518 likes. It was set up on 1 August, 2014. As well as sharing links about antisemitism and protests against Israel, it organises online 'Action Campaign[s]' and 'Call[s] to Action'. Issues have included:

* Antisemitic tweets: the FB group posts images of tweet deemed antisemitic and urges followers to contact report their authors to the police and to their employers.<ref>See, for instance, CAA, [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/photos/a.1448332605445677.1073741830.1447162368896034/1448324822113122/?type=1 Facebook post] (4 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 2014, at 8:51am. In a [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/photos/a.1448332605445677.1073741830.1447162368896034/1449115878700683/?type=1 6 August, 2014] update (accessed: 16 September, 2014, at 8.58am), the CAA reported that one outed tweeter's employer had reminded him of 'their Social Media policy and Code of Conduct', and that he had been reported to the police. 'Hopefully' he 'will learn his lesson'. Cf. [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1449344668677804 Facebook post] (7 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 2014, at 9.04am); [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/photos/a.1448428615436076.1073741831.1447162368896034/1449503665328571/?type=1 Facebook post] (7 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 2014, 9.10am.</ref>

* Tricycle Theatre: Tricycle Theatre refused to host the Israeli state-funded UK Jewish film festival; the CAA called for a 7 August 2014 protest against this echo of 'the Nazi boycott of Jewish enterprise after Hitler's election'.<ref>CAA, [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1448836702061934 Facebook post] (5 August, 2014); accessed: 16 September, 2014, at 8.56am.</ref>

* Counter-boycott: the CAA urged support for the Kedem cosmetics shop in Manchester, targeted by some Palestinian activists for boycott. The CAA tried to show that much of the activism was motivated by antisemitism.<ref>See, e.g., CAA Facebook posts on [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1455640774714860 17 August, 2014]; [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1453198331625771 14 August, 2014]; [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/photos/a.1448332605445677.1073741830.1447162368896034/1452401721705432/?type=1 13 August, 2014]; [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1449039595374978 6 August, 2014]; accessed: 16 September, 2014, 9.21am.</ref> (On 22 August, 2014, Greater Manchester Police imposed restrictions on Gaza protestors in Manchester.<ref>Todd Fitzgerald, '[http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/gaza-protesters-banned-king-street-7656796 Gaza protesters banned from King Street after weeks of demonstrations]', Manchester Evening News (22 August, 2014).</ref>

* Sainsbury's kosher drop: CAA was one of a number of groups organising protest, primarily online protest, against the decision by a Sainsbury's store in Holborn to remove kosher food items from its shelves in advance of a pro-Palestinian protest.<ref>See, e.g., CAA Facebook posts on [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/photos/a.1448332605445677.1073741830.1447162368896034/1455285438083727/?type=1 17 August, 2014]; [https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1455809894697948 18 August, 2014] accessed 16 September, 2014, at 9.23 am.</ref>

===2015 Antisemitism polls===

In January 2015, newspaper headlines reported that nearly half of Britons subscribe to at least one antisemitic belief.<ref name="Guardian">E.g. Ben Quin, '[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/14/uk-jewish-antisemitism-rise-yougov-poll Almost half of Britons hold antisemitic view, poll suggests]', Guardian (14 January, 2015).</ref> They were based on the findings of a [[YouGov]] survey commissioned by CAA,<ref name="barometer">CAA, [http://antisemitism.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Annual-Antisemitism-Barometer-Report.pdf Annual Antisemitism Barometer: 2015 Full Report].</ref> which polled, inter alia, the following beliefs: 'Jews chase money more than other British people'; 'Jews' loyalty to Israel makes them less loyal to Britain than other British people'; 'Jews think they are better than other people' and 'have too much power in the media'; and 'Jews talk about the Holocaust too much in order to get sympathy'. The poll found, CAA claimed, that 45% of British adults believe at least one of the polled statements; 26% believe at least two and 17% believe at least three. The YouGov poll was published by the CAA together with the results of a second, separate online survey they had carried out themselves of self-selected British Jews, finding high levels of fear and insecurity.

In news reports, [[Jonathan Sacerdoti]] was quoted as CAA spokesperson.<ref name="Guardian" /> A foreword to the CAA report, co-authored by Sacerdoti (Director of Communications) and [[Gideon Falter]] (Chairman) claimed:

<blockquote>Whilst antisemitism in Britain is not yet at the levels seen in most of Europe, the results of our survey should be a wakeup call. Britain is at a tipping point: unless antisemitism is met with zero tolerance, it will continue to grow and British Jews may increasingly question their place in their own country.<ref name="barometer" /></blockquote>

In the context of the January 2015 Charlie Hebdo massacre the findings were widely reported.<ref>E.g. Gregory Walton, '[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/11343209/Survey-shows-antisemitic-views-are-common-among-Britons.html Survey shows anti-Semitic views are common among Britons]', Daily Telegraph (14 January, 2015); Ben Quin, '[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/14/uk-jewish-antisemitism-rise-yougov-poll Almost half of Britons hold antisemitic view, poll suggests]', Guardian (14 January, 2015); Barclay McBain, '[http://www.heraldscotland.com/comment/columnists/agenda-no-room-for-complacency-in-confronting-anti-semitism-the-hate-that-outlive.116203765 Agenda: No room for complacency in confronting anti-Semitism, the hate that outlives all others]', Herald Scotland (15 January, 2015); '[http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/1.636973 Surveys show spike in British anti-Semitism]', Ha'aretz (14 January, 2015); '[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2909151/Warning-rising-tide-anti-Semitism-Britain-one-eight-people-claiming-Jews-talk-Holocaust-sympathy.html Warning over rising tide of anti-Semitism in Britain with one in eight people claiming that Jews talk about the Holocaust to get sympathy]', Daily Mail (14 January, 2015).</ref> The Independent, for example, ran a front-page story headlined 'The new anti-semitism', which quoted CAA chairman [[Gideon Falter]] as follows:

<blockquote>These results are shocking wake up call straight after the atrocities in Paris. Britain is at a tipping point: unless antisemitism is met with zero tolerance, it will grow and British Jews will increasingly question their place in their own country.<ref>Cahal Milmo, '[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/the-new-antisemitism-majority-of-british-jews-feel-they-have-no-future-in-uk-says-new-study-9976310.html The new anti-Semitism: Majority of British Jews feel they have no future in UK, says new study]', The Independent (14 January, 2015).</ref></blockquote>

Communities Secretary [[Eric Pickles]] issued a bland response to the report, affirming that the government will 'continue to take a zero-tolerance approach' to prosecuting 'hate crimes'.<ref>Eric Pickles MP, '[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/campaign-against-antisemitism-survey Statement from Communities Secretary Eric Pickles following the publication of a survey by the Campaign Against Antisemitism]', Gov.uk (14 January, 2015); accessed: 16 January 2015, at 9.26am.</ref>

The CAA's report also attracted serious criticism, including from more established Jewish organisations, many of whom were reportedly 'absolutely furious' with its unprofessionalism.<ref>Marcus Dysch, [https://twitter.com/MarcusDysch/status/555342429264814080 Tweet] (14 January, 2015); accessed: 16 January 2015, at 10.07am.</ref>

Ha'aretz reporter [[Anshel Pfeffer]] argued that several of the allegedly antisemitic beliefs polled by YouGov do not necessarily amount to antisemitism, and criticised methodology of CAA's survey of British Jews as leading to an unrepresentative sample. He added:

<blockquote>The last finding in the survey is that 56 percent agree that 'the recent rise in anti-Semitism in Britain has some echoes of the 1930s'. If the majority of British Jews and the authors of the CAA report actually believe that, then it’s hard to take anything they say about contemporary anti-Semitism in their home country seriously. If they honestly think that the situation in Britain today echoes the 1930s when Jews were still banned from a wide variety of clubs and associations, when a popular fascist party, supported by members of the nobility and popular newspapers, were marching in support of Hitler, when large parts of the British establishment were appeasing Nazi Germany and the government was resolutely opposed to allowing Jewish refugees of Nazism in to Britain, finally relenting in 1938 to allow 10,000 children to arrive — but not their parents who were to die in the Holocaust (that shameful aspect of the Kindertransport that is seldom mentioned) — and when the situation of Jews in other European countries at the time was so much worse, then not only are they woefully ignorant of recent Jewish history but have little concept of what real anti-Semitism is beyond the type they see online.<ref>Anshel Pfeffer, '[http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/jewish-world-news/.premium-1.637071 U.K. anti-Semitism report highlights disturbing trend - among British Jews]', Ha'aretz (14 January, 2015).</ref></blockquote>

[[Jonathan Boyd]], executive director of the [[Institute for Jewish Policy Research]] (JPR), dismissed CAA's own survey of British Jewish opinion as having 'little, if any, methodological credibility'. He also characterised the CAA's presentation of the YouGov poll as 'deeply flawed'.<ref>Jonathan Boyd, '[http://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Analysis-UK-Jewry-and-a-feeling-of-insecurity-387785 Analysis: British Jewry and a feeling of insecurity]', Jerusalem Post (15 January, 2015).</ref> In a detailed critique, the JPR found the CAA's survey to be 'littered with flaws' and 'irresponsible'. Due to 'quite basic methodological flaws and weaknesses', its poll of British Jews had 'very limited capacity' to assess the representativeness of its sample. The survey of British attitudes towards Jews conducted by YouGov was methodologically 'much better', but its findings had been presented by the CAA in a 'sensationalist' manner. Whereas the CAA claimed that nearly half of Britons harbour antisemitic views,

<blockquote>A far more accurate and honest read of the YouGov data would highlight the fact that between 75% and 90% of people in Britain either do not hold antisemitic views or have no particular view of Jews either way, and only about 4% to 5% of people can be characterised as clearly antisemitic when looking at individual measures of antisemitism. This figure is similar to Pew data gathered in 2009 and 2014 which estimated the level of antisemitic attitudes at somewhere between 2% and 7%, and Anti-Defamation League data gathered in 2014 which, while also flawed, put it at 8%, and, more robustly, identified the UK as among the least antisemitic countries in the world.<ref name="jpr">Institute for Jewish Policy Research, '[http://www.jpr.org.uk/newsevents/article.1012 Researching antisemitism]' (14 January, 2015).</ref></blockquote>

[[Community Security Trust]] deputy director of communications [[Dave Rich]] dismissed CAA's poll as 'essentially repeat[ing]... the findings of last year’s [http://global100.adl.org/#country/united-kingdom ADL Global 100 Survey]: a stubborn minority of British people – between 10 per cent and 20 per cent – clings onto stereotypical ways of thinking about Jews'. 'This does not', he added, 'necessarily translate into conscious or active dislike of Jews... So much for the numbers'. He emphasised, as against CAA's alarmism, that 'most of the time, most British Jews do not encounter antisemitism and are able to live whatever Jewish lives they choose'.<ref>Dave Rich, '[http://leftfootforward.org/2015/01/we-must-ensure-that-antisemitism-gets-no-foothold-in-britain/ We must ensure that antisemitism gets no foothold in Britain]', Left Foot Forward (14 January, 2015).</ref> In a radio interview, CST director of communications [[Mark Gardner]] commented of the survey that 'the methodology is not perhaps as good as it should be'. He continued:

<blockquote>The survey asks seven different questions, and it says if you answer 'yes' to one of them, then that makes you some kind of antisemite'... and 45% of British people are therefore antisemites. And that's not the case... For example, 'I would be unhappy if a family member married a Jew' [this was one of the statements polled]. Is it antisemitic if you say 'yes'?... If a Jewish person says, 'I would be unhappy if a family member married a non-Jew', would that make that Jewish person a racist?'<ref>Mark Gardner, '[http://tlv1.fm/so-much-to-say/2015/01/14/keep-calm-and-carry-on-the-future-of-britains-jews/ Keep Calm and Carry On: The future of Britain’s Jews]', TLV1 radio interview (14 January, 2015); accessed: 16 January 2015, at 9.51am.</ref></blockquote>

In a joint statement, the [[Jewish Leadership Council]] and [[Board of Deputies]] noted the 'methodological flaws' of the CAA's poll of Jewish attitudes but agreed that 'we should not be complacent'. It insisted, however, that 'it is important to remember that the current level and nature of antisemitism in Britain is not as bad as we have seen in France and other European countries and incidents of a violent nature are much lower than they have been in previous years', and concluded that Britain is 'unquestionably' a 'safe place for Jews to live'.<ref>'[http://www.thejlc.org/2015/01/the-jewish-leadership-council-and-the-board-of-deputies-of-british-jews-respond-to-poll-of-jewish-attitudes/ The Jewish Leadership Council and the Board of Deputies of British Jews Response To "Poll of Jewish Attitudes"'], Jewish Leadership Council (14 January, 2015).</ref>

Dr. Keith Kahn-Karris, lecturer at Leo Baeck College and Birkbeck College and editor of the [[Jewish Quarterly]] and [[Jewish Journal of Sociology]], dismissed the CAA survey of British Jewish opinion as 'methodologically invalid. There can be no confidence in its representativeness'.<ref>'[http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/128162/jc-poll-reveals-88-cent-british-jews-have-not-considered-leaving-uk JC poll reveals 88 per cent of British Jews have not considered leaving UK]', Jewish Chronicle (14 January, 2015).</ref>

The results of a more robustly sampled survey by the Jewish Chronicle were published shortly after the CAA's report, and painted a far less pessimistic picture of Anglo-Jewish opinion. Whereas the CAA survey had found that one in four Jews have considered leaving Britain, the JC poll returned a figure of just 11%.<ref>'[http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/128162/jc-poll-reveals-88-cent-british-jews-have-not-considered-leaving-uk JC poll reveals 88 per cent of British Jews have not considered leaving UK]', Jewish Chronicle (14 January, 2015); Stephen Pollard, '[http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/128163/a-better-way-report-views-british-jews A better way to report the views of British Jews]', Jewish Chronicle (14 January, 2015).</ref>

On 8 January, 2015, CAA chairman [[Gideon Falter]] attended a meeting with Home Secretary Theresa May 'to address last year's recording-breaking number of antisemitic incidents' in the UK. (Notably, the CAA was not represented at a meeting organised by the [[Jewish Leadership Council]] of leading Jewish organisations with Prime Minister David Cameron.)<ref>'[http://www.thejlc.org/2015/01/jewish-community-leaders-meet-with-prime-minister-david-cameron-3/ Jewish Community Leaders Meet With Prime Minister David Cameron]]', Jewish Leadership Council (13 January, 2015).</ref> Falter reportedly proposed a 'five-point plan':

<blockquote>
1. Production of a quick reference guide on how to enforce the law against antisemitic hate crime for police officers and prosecutors; 
2. Strengthening oversight mechanisms within the Police and CPS to ensure that the response to antisemitism is as firm as the law will permit; 
3. Taking enforcement action against the organisers of marches and protests which become intimidatory or antisemitic; 
4. Ensuring that social networks tackle online hate crime effectively; and 
5. Formally adopting a definition of antisemitism which includes antisemitism disguised as anti-Israel political discourse.<ref>CAA, '[https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism/posts/1539862692959334 CAMPAIGN AGAINST ANTISEMITISM MEETS WITH HOME SECRETARY, POLICE AND CPS CHIEFS TO ADDRESS ANTISEMITISM], Facebook (10 January, 2015); accessed: 14 January 2015, 11.12am.</ref></blockquote>

It is not clear what if anything this 'plan' adds to existing Home Office policy, nor in what specifically CAA's 'zero tolerance agenda' consists.

The fifth point of the 'plan' merits attention. In an op-ed published in the wake of the report, Gideon Falter wrote:

<blockquote>In three separate questions 80% linked antisemitism with anti-Israel activity and media bias. These figures will now feed into our discussions with the government.<ref>Gideon Falter, '[http://www.jewishnews.co.uk/opinion-campaign-antisemitism-freedom-litmus-test/ ‘Campaign Against Antisemitism is the freedom litmus test’]', Jewish News (15 January, 2015).</ref></blockquote>

In another such op-ed, he wrote:

<blockquote>What many will probably seek to brush aside from our survey is the crossover between anti-Israel activism and anti-Semitism. 84% of Jews think boycotts of Israeli businesses are intimidatory. 82% of Jews think anti-Semitism has been fuelled by biased reporting on Israel. 77% have personally witnessed anti-Semitism disguised as anti-Israel activism.

The tone of debate around Israel has become one of pure hatred – there is no debate. When thugs enter shops and throw all of the kosher food on the ground because it’s ‘Israeli’ or stand outside Jewish events shouting “Baby killers!”, it’s not hard to understand what is really happening. Anti-Israel protests are increasingly the scene of anti-Semitic acts, and we must cease to allow the perpetrators to get away with saying that they only meant to criticise Israel.<ref>Gideon Falter, '[http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/britains-tsunami-of-anti-semitism/ Britain’s tsunami of anti-Semitism]', Times of Israel (14 January, 2015).</ref></blockquote>

This second survey, still cited by Falter and by Sacerdoti as suggesting a popular association between boycotts of goods produced in occupied territories and anti-semitism,<ref>Sacerdoti was interviewed on BBC R4's ''The Moral Maze'', broadcast [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b070fn1y 17 Feb 2016].</ref> was of 2,230 self-selected Jewish people by circulating a web link, and not carried about by a polling agency.<ref name="barometer" /> It was this survey that was criticised as unrepresentative, "littered with flaws" and potentially "irresponsible" by the [[Institute for Jewish Policy Research]]<ref name="jpr" />, as well as by the JLC, Board of Deputies and Kahn-Harris.<ref>"Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia", Clive D. Field, 18 Jan 2015, British Religion in Numbers: http://www.brin.ac.uk/2015/anti-semitism-and-islamophobia/ accessed 21 Feb 2016</ref>

Pro-Israel groups have long sought to promote definitions of anti-semitism, such as the [[European Union Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia]] (EUMC) Working Definition of Antisemitism, which threaten to conflate criticism of Israel with antisemitism. It is not clear how the CAA proposes to distinguish 'antisemitism disguised as anti-Israel political discourse' from 'anti-Israel political discourse' that has nothing to do with antisemitism.

====Criticism from Board of Deputies====
The [[Board of Deputies of British Jews]] (BOD) criticised the CAA's study in a March 2015 email to subscribers. It explained that BOD representatives had reassured concerned American Jewish leaders about the level of anti-Semitism in the UK, during a visit to the U.S., saying they articulated the belief that:

::the methodology of the widely circulated Campaign Against Anti-Semitism poll was flawed and had exaggerated the degree of fear.<ref>[http://us5.campaign-archive1.com/?u=005d3cc2d6e6144d71149ef84&id=d0eed29b21&e=a47403c891 Community Briefing 5 March 2014], Board of Deputies, 5 March 2015</ref>

==Anglo-Jewish politics==

As noted, the CAA's 31 August, 2014 rally against antisemitism in London was supported by the United Synagogue and Board of Deputies. CAA spokesperson [[Jonathan Sacerdoti]] said of this backing: 'The establishment was very supportive; some might say they didn’t want to get left behind'.<ref name="Peled" /> On the day of the protest, he told a reporter,

<blockquote>It is great that the communal organisations who have been criticised for not doing enough have come on board and have supported us in organising an important day.<ref>Rosa Doherty, '[http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/122055/thousands-turn-out-london-rally-against-antisemitism Thousands turn out for London rally against antisemitism]', Jewish Chronicle (31 August, 2014).</ref></blockquote>

As Sacerdoti's comment suggests, and as Ha'aretz reports, the Campaign Against Antisemitism is an intervention in Anglo-Jewish politics.<ref name="Peled" /> Its context appears to be one of increasing grassroots discontent among Jewish and pro-Israel activists with the performance of communal bodies on Israel and antisemitism. As one newspaper reported:

<blockquote>At the rally, there was audible booing when the representatives of the [[Board of Deputies]] – President [[Vivian Wineman]] and Senior Vice President [[Laura Marks]] – ascended the podium to speak. The [[Jewish Chronicle]]’s [[Marcus Dysch]] tweeted that people were shouting things like 'you need to do more', 'resign', and 'shame'.<ref>Liam Hoare, '[http://www.timesofisrael.com/thousands-rally-in-london-against-rising-anti-semitism/ Thousands rally in London against rising anti-Semitism]', Times of Israel (1 September, 2014).</ref></blockquote>

The [[Community Security Trust]] (CST), the most important UK Jewish organisation concerned with (inter alia) monitoring antisemitism, reacted coolly to the CAA. CST deputy director of communication [[Dave Rich]] observed that, while the frequency of antisemitic incidents spiked during Israel's 'Operation Protective Edge', 'a lot of anti-Israel language and activism isn’t anti-Semitic or illegal'.<ref name="Peled" /> Of the two grievances that CAA has concentrated on<ref>As of 16 September, 2014, they were the only specific issues to be granted their own Categories on the CAA website: [http://www.campaignagainstantisemitism.com/category/sainsburys-holborn/ Sainsbury's Holborn] and [http://www.campaignagainstantisemitism.com/category/tricycle-theatre/ Tricycle Theatre].</ref> - the Tricycle Theatre's dropping of the Israeli state-funded UK Jewish Film Festival and a decision by a Sainsbury's supermarket in Holborn to remove kosher food from display lest it provoke pro-Palestinian protestors - Rich stressed that these were 'very much isolated incidents... bad decisions quickly overturned'.<ref name="Peled" /> Rich also played down suggestions that antisemitism was a significant motor of popular protest against Israel's attack on Gaza: 'Examples of anti-Semitism at the demos did exist, on the fringes, with home-made banners – it didn’t characterize the demos as a whole'. He added that protests against 'Protective Edge' were much better than those against 'Operation Cast Lead' in 2008-9.<ref name="Peled" />

==People==

The CAA's 2015 report, Annual Antisemitism Barometer: 2015 Annual Report lists the following staff members:

* [[Gideon Falter]] - Chairman
* [[Jonathan Sacerdoti]] - Director of Communications<ref name="barometer" />

The CAA's website lists an additional four members:<ref name="About" />

* [[Nathan Hopstein]] - Head of Monitoring and Research
* [[Mandy Blumenthal]]
* [[Angela Levin]]
* [[Tony Morris]]

Previously listed members include:<ref>'[http://www.campaignagainstantisemitism.com/who-we-are/ Who we are]', CampaignAgainstAntisemitism.com; accessed: 16 September, 2014.</ref>

* [[Darren Borg]]
* [[Justin Chorn]]
* [[Joseph Cohen]]
* [[Jordan Jay]]
* [[Rupert Nathan]]

==Contact==
:Website: http://www.campaignagainstantisemitism.com/ | http://antisemitism.uk/
:Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/campaignagainstantisemitism
:Twitter: https://twitter.com/caantisemitism
:Email: info@antisemitism.uk
:Telephone: +44 (0)330 822 0321

==Resources==
* Ben Quinn, '[http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/14/uk-jewish-antisemitism-rise-yougov-poll Almost half of Britons hold antisemitic view, poll suggests]', The Guardian, 14 January, 2015.
* Gideon Falter, '[http://www.jewishnews.co.uk/opinion-lets-turn-fear-anti-semitism/ Let’s turn fear of anti-Semitism into fight]', Jewish News (3 September, 2014).

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:Israel Lobby]]

Anthony Glees

2013-04-22T17:57:01Z

Cedric Knight: /* Views */ +Mass surveillance and control orders

[[Image:AnthonyGlees.jpg|thumb|right|300px||Anthony Glees, right wing think tanker and 'terrorologist']]
'''Peter Anthony Glees''' (born 6 August 1948) is a right-wing British academic considered an expert on 'terrorism' and radicalisation. He is currently head of the [[Buckingham University Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies]] (BUCSIS).<ref>[http://www.bucsis.co.uk/ Buckingham University Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies], 6 may 2009.</ref>

==Biography and Career==
Glees was born on 6 August 1948, the younger son of Professor Paul Glees, a German Anatomist who was then a lecturer at Oxford University.<ref>''The Times'', Tuesday, Dec 21, 1971; pg. 12; Issue 58356; col D; 'Professor Paul Glees', ''The Times'', 4 August 1999</ref> He studied a BA in History and German at [[Oxford University]], a BPhil in Modern European History from [[St. Catherine’s College]], Oxford, and a DPhil also at Oxford University. He lectured at the [[University of Warwick]] before joining [[Brunel University]] on 1 October 1975. <ref>[[Media:0319-1-.pdf|Letter]] from Brunel University Information Access Officer, 15 April 2009</ref>

Glees taught at Brunel for over three decades, and was latterly the Director of the [[Brunel Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies]].<ref>Anthony Glees, Letter, The Times, Friday, Aug 15, 1980; pg. 11; Issue 60704; col H; Melanie Newman, 'Culture in the state-funded sector condones failure, claims professor', ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 4 September 2008</ref> Up until 2005, his area of academic interest was espionage and German history and politics. In July 2003 the website OpenDemocracy published an article by Glees which was accompanied by the following biographical note:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">'''Anthony Glees''' is a reader in history at Brunel University. His research interests include German politics, British-German relations, German transformation since 1989; Germany’s new political culture with special reference to the impact of human rights abuses, truth and reconciliation issues in respect of the former German Democratic Republic. <ref>OpenDemocracy, [http://www.opendemocracy.net/author/Anthony_Glees.jsp Anthony Glees] (accessed 30 March 2009)</ref></blockquote>

In the course of 2005, Glees emerged as a 'terrorism expert' consulted by the media. He appears to have emerged as an expert after the London bombings on 7 July 2005, when he was consulted as an 'intelligence expert' to comment on the alleged failure of the intelligence services to predict that attack. <ref>e.g. 'Anthony Glees discusses improving anti-terrorism intelligence', Weekend All Things Considered, NPR, 8:00 PM EST 9 July 2005</ref> By this time Glees had spent several months compiling a report for the right wing think-tank the [[Social Affairs Unit]] on extremism in British Universities. <ref>Polly Curtis, 'They don't sit with a sign recruiting for terrorists', ''Guardian'', 19 July 2005</ref>

According to his profile at the consultancy [[Alpha Intelligence Management]], Glees has been 'an official adviser to the European Parliament on counter-terrorism and security policy' since 2002. <ref>[[Media:Alpha Intelligence Management Screen Grab.JPG|Screengrab]] of <http://alphaintelligencemanagement.com/about_alpha_intelligence_management.htm> created 30 March 2009, 07:31:14</ref>

In September 2008 the ''Times Higher Education Supplement'' reported that Glees was to leave Brunel University and join the [[University of Buckingham]], Britain's only private university. There it was reported he would 'set up a Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies with the emphasis on practical experience rather than theoretical understanding.' Glees criticised what he called a culture of "condoning failure" in the state sector, which he claimed was endemic in publicly-funded universities. He dismissed claims that the [[University of Buckingham]] was "Thatcherite" and said, "If there's one-dimensional politics in British higher education, it's a left-of-centre to Marxist consensus in the state system." <ref>Melanie Newman, 'Culture in the state-funded sector condones failure, claims professor', ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 4 September 2008</ref>

Glees gave his inaugural lecture as Professor of Politics and Director of the Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies at Buckingham on 28 October 2008. His lecture was entitled ''Safeguarding our democracy: current themes in the study of Britain's secret agencies''.<ref>[http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/sss/research/centres/bciss/teamhttp://www.buckingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2008/glees.html Press Release - Professor Anthony Glees], University of Buckingham, 30 October 2008.</ref> Along with his BUSCIS colleague Dr [[Julian Richards]], Glees heads [[Security and Intelligence Research Centre Ltd]].<ref>[http://www.sairc.co.uk/contact-us.php Contact Us], Security and Intelligence Research Centre Ltd, accessed 6 May 2009.</ref>

==Glees on 'The Stasi files'==
Roger Morgan, writing in International Affairs (79/5, 2003), described the book as ‘unscholarly, sensationalist and deeply flawed’. More damning criticism came from John Sandford a leading light in the campaign for [[European Nuclear Disarmament]] GDR group which was active in promoting solidarity with the independent East German peace movement. Glees seems to have undergone something of a conversion on the GDR group. According to Sandford's account:

:Glees, whom I had not met before, came to interview me in my office at Reading University on the afternoon of 17 November 1998. He was, he said, doing research for a BBC television programme, and presented me – rather curiously, I thought – with a BBC News business card belonging (according to the email address on it) to [[Sarah Hann]] on which he had written by hand his own name, private email address, and telephone numbers. The programme would, he said, bring to public attention ‘the unsung role of the GDR Group and others in the events of 1989’. (Glees was to paint an even more glowing picture of END a year or so later, when he wrote of it as ‘a most remarkable institution, with a political impact in eastern Europe so great that we are entitled to regard it as one of the main causes of the defeat of communism in central and eastern Europe’ (The New Germany in the East, ed. Christopher Flockton, Eva Kolinsky and Rosalind Pritchard, London 2000: Frank Cass, p. 177).)<ref>John Sandford, [http://www.rdg.ac.uk/german/Sandford_Glees.htm Anthony Glees: The Stasi Files]: East Germany’s Secret Operations Against Britain (London 2003: The Free Press)</ref>

Later his view of the END GDR group was to change and he would describe them as 'assets' of the Stasi, the E German secret police.

:‘The Sandford Story’ (pp. 328-335) is the title that Glees gives to a section of a chapter called ‘The Stasi’s British Assets’, which in its turn is contained within the part of the book entitled ‘Penetration and Recruitment’... His technique is to use – and trust – the Stasi files to provide the starting-point for his ‘story’, and to make up any gaps and links himself as he goes along in a manner that – sometimes by confident assertion, sometimes by sneering innuendo – furthers his thesis of the Stasi’s ‘penetration and recruitment’ of its ‘British assets’.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

==When Students Turn to Terror==
[[Image:When Students Turn To Terror.jpg|thumb|right|''When Students Turn to Terror'', 2005]]With his former student [[Chris Pope]], Glees is the author of ''When Students Turn to Terror: Terrorist and Extremist Activity on British Campuses'' Published by the right wing [[Social Affairs Unit]] in Autumn 2005. The report argued that British universities are in Glees's words 'recruiting grounds for those who wish to destroy parliamentary liberal democracy'. <ref>Anthony Glees, [http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=198602&sectioncode=26 Beacons of truth or crucibles of terror?] ''Times Higher Educational Supplement'', 23 September 2005</ref> Glees wrote an article in the ''Times Higher Educational Supplement'' promoting the report and summarising its main findings. In it Glees called for action against 'terrorism' and what he called 'subversion', and advocated that universities 'establish watertight screening methods, together with MI5' and 'ban "faith" societies'. He also suggested that there was 'scope for covert action' by 'plainclothes officers'. <ref>Anthony Glees, [http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=198602&sectioncode=26 Beacons of truth or crucibles of terror?] ''Times Higher Educational Supplement'', 23 September 2005</ref>

The report gained widespread mainstream media attention <ref>Social Affairs Unit [http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/000579.php]</ref> and little proper criticism.

At over 100 pages this is a longish report claiming to find evidence of Islamist, animal liberation and British National Party 'terrorism' on UK campuses. The basis of the evidence that there is 'terrorist activity' is simply that people who have been arrested under anti-Terrorism legislation attended universities at some point. On this basis there is also evidence of terrorist activity in schools, nurseries and for that matter even in mother's wombs, since all terrorists were once presumably there.

Here is a quote on the 'dangers' of the universities from the report:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">Instead of encouraging students to reflect on the values and virtues of liberal democracy, universities may be teaching them subjects or theoretical tools for understanding the world - Marxism for example - which could encourage them to believe Britain and other Western states are in terminal decline. Moving from campus to Mosque, students convinced by their dons might gain further inspiration from radical mullahs.<ref>Anthony Glees and Chris Pope ''When Students Turn to Terror: Terrorist and Extremist Activity on British Campuses'', Social Affairs Unit, 2005, p. 15</ref></blockquote>

This kind of reasoning is a recipe for thought control and the constraining of education within the conservative lexicon where 'liberal democracy' is by definition good and any critique of it in practice bad.

===The Enemies Within===

Anthony Glees described, in the ''Times Higher Education Supplement'' of April 2010, that 'Earth-shattering thinkers (Archimedes, Newton) had a single and major eureka moment, in the bath or under an apple tree. Jobbing scholars (like me) are more likely to have numerous minor insights in different places (in my case, in the shower, perhaps, or in the witching hours of the night)'. Glees goes on to describe his Eureka moments on the subject of 'Islamic terrorists on campus'.

:The recent media interest in my work has often come from the eureka moment I had (when shaving) in 2002, pondering the emerging problem (as it then was) of Islamist terrorism. I had just completed the manuscript of my book on the Stasi (The Stasi Files: East Germany's Secret Operations Against Britain), describing, inter alia, how in the UK the security service had exploited academic space, British students and academics - people interested in ideas - to further its particular aims'.

:The events of 11 September 2001 represented an obvious and serious intelligence failure. But it suddenly occurred to me that we needed to examine the background of the 9/11 bombers and not just regard them as appalling criminals, understandable as that view might be.

:After all, several of the 9/11 operatives had been students (notably at Hamburg University) and al-Qaeda used graduates more generally, as well as "useful idiots". If Islamic terrorists were not just criminals but also students or graduates, campuses and colleges could be places to look for them. Of course, many universities contain both the bright and the idiotic, dons as well as students.

:The next eureka moment came in 2004. If Islamic terrorists, even just a few, were stalking our campuses, we needed to find a means of preventing them from radicalising others. If educated people were turning to terror, it must follow that their education was lacking in some major way.

:Universities ought therefore to be doing far more to convince their students that change in our country must be peaceful and democratic. If dons were too cowardly to do so themselves, the government should instruct them to act (after all, the taxpayer was funding them).

:Rather than turning a blind eye to what was happening on their campuses, and focusing on research that few, if any, would read (unthinkingly following the mirage that is research funding), academics needed to get back to teaching their students - and not just their special subjects, but about life and liberty as well.

:My next (and related) eureka moment took place in 2006: if Islamic terrorists came from two discrete groups, and one group was homegrown, then might they be trying to construct within campuses sites that would support radicalisation, and then bring thugs into the UK, perhaps posing as students, who were ready to bomb when the order came through?

:This thought led naturally to the next thought: if there were a "campus" strand (and I never suggested it was more than a strand), was it being sustained by external funding? Together with my colleague Julian Richards (at that time research fellow in Brunel University's Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies), I looked into the funding issue and noticed that some £ 250 million of Arab and Islamic funding had poured into UK universities since 2000, most from Saudi Arabia, most to the University of Oxford, and most to support Islamic centres. Even philanthropic projects had an Islamic propagandistic side, as the rebuilding of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford readily illustrates<ref>Anthony Glees, The enemies within, ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 22-April-2010</ref>.

===Dundee University and Special Branch surveillance===
Dundee University was one of those named as a potential recruiting ground for terrorists and this has led to overt and covert surveillance by Special Branch of Islamic and anti war groups.<ref>[http://www.thecourier.co.uk/output/2006/09/19/newsstory8772979t0.asp Freshers' fair surveillance criticised] The Courier, 19 September 2006.</ref>
Sohaib Saeed writes:

:The only Scottish university named was Dundee, where a suspect in the 2002 Bali bombings is said to have once studied.

:The publicity associated with the report has caused great consternation on the Dundee campus, which is home to one of the country’s most active Islamic societies. DUIS president Hassan Habib told the iWitness of his society’s positive efforts to portray Islam accurately and engage with the wider student body. They have won several awards of recognition from the Student Association.

:“If there is any illegal activity going on, then it should be dealt with on the basis of evidence. If the Islamic society can be of any assistance in tackling such problems, then we will not hesitate to do our part.”

:Prof. Glees’ report, entitled “When Students Turn to Terror”, is remarkably devoid of detail about what exactly is wrong at Dundee. The only relevant paragraph informs us that “Suspected or confirmed terrorists who have studied in Britain in recent years include the lecturers Dr Azahari Husin, 45, who went to Reading University, and Shamsul Bahri Hussein, 36, who read applied mechanics at Dundee. They are wanted in connection with the Bali bombings in October 2002, when 202 people, including 26 Britons, died.”

:According to the Sunday Times, Hussein was at Dundee in the 1980s. Exactly what connection his student days in Fife have to his alleged involvement in a terrorist atrocity more than two decades later, is not made clear. Neither is the relevance of that case to the present time. Nevertheless, Glees states: “We have discovered a number of universities where subversive activities are taking place, often without the knowledge of the university authorities.”

:An open letter compiled by the Federation of Student Islamic Societies (FOSIS) claims that the report “has been undertaken without any academic or credible research; indeed the authors have systematically opted to rely on hearsay and allegations rather than fact.” The letter further called on the media to “exercise more caution” in their coverage.<ref>Sohaib Saeed, [http://www.iwitness.co.uk/scottish/0905s-09.htm Dundee students refute extremism smear] The I-Witness, 24 September 2005</ref>

===City University - report denounced by Vice Chancellor===
:I have read your soon-to-be published report ‘Why students turn to terror: terrorist and extremist activity on British campuses’ which was quoted in the Guardian today. In it, you include City University as one of a number of universities where (allegedly) ‘extremist or terrorist groups have been detected’. The only other reference to City University we can detect in your report (p52) is where you describe the case of Mr Saajid Badat. You say he was offered a place as a student at City University.

:Mr Saajid Badat did not however take up that place. When my press officer telephoned your co-author and you to point this out, she was told that you had other evidence which demonstrated a connection. She was then told that this was what appears on a BBC web site <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/gloucestershire/4305161.stm]</ref>. In reality, that report says unequivocally that he did not take up either of the offers of places he had at this and another university.

:All of us take the issue of terrorism extremely seriously. The well-being of students, staff, visitors to the university and the population in general are of the highest importance to us here in City. I will therefore deal appropriately with any relevant matters drawn to my attention – provided that there is some genuine evidence. In this case, the ‘evidence’ you have given us is farcical. I ask that you substantiate your claim or that you issue an immediate apology, remove City University from your list and notify the Guardian.<ref>[http://www.city.ac.uk/inau-vb/nc/cod/290905/cod290905_item5part1.doc Letter to Anthony Glees from the Vice chancellor of City University], dated 16 September 2005, posted on the City University website</ref>

==Views==
===Iraq and WMD===
In 2005 Glees wrote an article for ''Parliamentary Affairs'' entitled ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’. The article examined in some detail the process that led to the production of the infamous September 2002 dossier but did not attribute much blame to any of the parties involved. Glees dismissed the idea that the intelligence services might have been involved in deliberate misinformation, commenting that, 'it would be naïve to imagine that in a liberal democracy, those providing them [intelligence assessments] would, or could, agree to falsify intelligence even if [it] were technically possible.' <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, pp.138-139</ref> A year earlier Glees had complained in the ''Times Higher Education Supplement'' that his fellow academics were too sceptical of the intelligence services, referring to a "lack of political consensus that security and intelligence agencies are a vital resource for protecting democracy." This scepticism amongst academics he argued "had a profound negative impact on the development of our security." <ref>Steve Farrar, 'http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=187916&sectioncode=26 Scholars thwart spies]', ''Times Higher Education'', 9 April 2004</ref>

Happy that the intelligence services were blameless, Glee's main concern in his ''Parliamentary Affairs'' article seems to have been that the publication of the dossier undermined elite policy making by encouraging public scrutiny and undermining public confidence. He lamented that: 'future governments will find it much more difficult to convince citizens of the rectitude of intelligence-based policy in support of pre-emptive military action.' <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, 141</ref> He also warned that:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">The interests of open government and transparency – laudable aims in any advanced liberal society – may inadvertently constitute a security threat of their own. Openness is not always a virtue, secrecy is not always a vice. Publication [of the ‘dodgy dossier’] gave the electorate the feeling that they and not the government had the final say on what British policy should be, and whether the evidence adduced supported the attack on Iraq. This was a chaotic way to govern, and as has been amply shown by subsequent events, fundamentally counter-productive. <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, 153</ref></blockquote>

Glees also rather curiously referred to the ''Guardian'' as having ‘consistently opposed Blair’s Iraq policy’. <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, 143</ref>

===Internment and Human Rights===
In October 2006 Glees wrote an article in the ''Independent'' arguing for internment without trial and the overturning of the European Convention on Human Rights. Glees argued that, 'Academics should think the unthinkable,' and 'not be blinkered by political correctness.' He argued that the European Convention on Human Rights had 'gone too far' and was 'deeply flawed'. <ref>Anthony Glees, '[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/anthony-glees-internment-should-be-a-policy-option-420602.html Internment should be a policy option]' ''Independent'', 19 October 2006</ref>

In the closing paragraph of the article Glees called for action 'against extremism' and urged Britain's Muslims to leave the country:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">Liberal democracy will be easily destroyed if we do not act against extremism. We give our enemies the weapons they need to destroy us. We need to be more mindful that there is a threshold that should not be crossed. Not everything is permissible. Wearing the niqab is saying we don't want to be British. Forty per cent of British Muslims say they want to live under sharia law. That is unacceptable. They should go to a country with sharia law. <ref>Anthony Glees, '[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/anthony-glees-internment-should-be-a-policy-option-420602.html Internment should be a policy option]' ''Independent'', 19 October 2006</ref></blockquote>

===Mass surveillance===
Glees has appeared several times on BBC media<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-18884460 19 July 2012</ref> to dismiss privacy and other objections to the Draft Communications Data Bill ("Snoopers' Charter", CDB). He has also appeared before parliamentary select committees on the CDB<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/documents/joint-committees/communications-data/uc170712ev4HC479iv.pdf Uncorrected transcript, 17 July 2012</ref>, and control orders, arguing in vague terms that state action against terrorism, serious organised crime and paedophilia outweighs privacy, but was unable to distinguish between targetted and mass surveillance. One attempt by an MP to describe his position was "There is wrongdoing happening online; we could collect information about it, hence we ought to" and by himself on control orders "I do not believe that civil liberties and liberty generally are undermined by effective, proportionate and accountable intelligence-led security policy. I think that’s a complete nonsense."<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/documents/joint-committees/Draft%20ETPIMS%20Bill/JC%20on%20Draft%20EPIMS%20Bill%20-%20consolidated%20oral%20evidence%20PUBLISHED.pdf Joint Committe on Draft Enhanced Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Bill, 24 October 2012</ref>. "in
1989... there was one Stasi member to every seven East German citizens. In Britain today, there is one MI5 officer to every 7,000 citizens."

==Henry Jackson Society...==
Glees is connected to the [[Henry Jackson Society Project for Democratic Geopolitics]] in that he has participated in their events and activities. Glees signed and 'Open Letter Regarding Zimbabwe' sent by the HJS to [[Gordon Brown]], [[George W. Bush]], [[Javier Solana]] and [[Thabo Mbeki]]<ref>Henry Jackson Society [http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/cms/harriercollectionitems/Henry%20Jackson%20Society%20Open%20Letter%20on%20Zimbabwe.pdf Open Letter Regarding Zimbabwe – Friday 27 June 2008] – accessed 30 March 2009</ref> On 2 July 2008, Anthony Glees was present at a Henry Jackson Society event where [[Jonathan Paris]] spoke about the "radicalization of Muslims in Europe" and how the Cold War should be a model on dealing with the problem. One of the discussants after the talk was Glees, and it was evident that they knew each other well. Glees is also associated with the [[Social Affairs Unit]] which has published several of his reports and also the manifesto of the Henry Jackson Society.

==Private Security==
Glees is a director of [[Alpha Intelligence Management]], described at Companies House as a "Business & management consultancy", incorporated 22/11/2006 and dissolved 18/01/2011.

==Contact, References and Resources==
===Contact===
===Resources===
*[http://www.dkrenton.co.uk/glees_report.html Dave Renton's Blog] on Glees.
*[http://www.thes.co.uk/current_edition/story.aspx?story_id=2025274 Glees report on terror riles v-cs] Phil Baty, Times Higher Education Supplement, Published: 14 October 2005

===References===
<references/>
[[Category:Terrorologist|Glees, Anthony]]
[[Category:Teaching About Terrorism|Glees, Anthony]]

Anthony Glees

2013-04-22T17:07:20Z

Cedric Knight: /* Private Security */ company dissolved

[[Image:AnthonyGlees.jpg|thumb|right|300px||Anthony Glees, right wing think tanker and 'terrorologist']]
'''Peter Anthony Glees''' (born 6 August 1948) is a right-wing British academic considered an expert on 'terrorism' and radicalisation. He is currently head of the [[Buckingham University Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies]] (BUCSIS).<ref>[http://www.bucsis.co.uk/ Buckingham University Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies], 6 may 2009.</ref>

==Biography and Career==
Glees was born on 6 August 1948, the younger son of Professor Paul Glees, a German Anatomist who was then a lecturer at Oxford University.<ref>''The Times'', Tuesday, Dec 21, 1971; pg. 12; Issue 58356; col D; 'Professor Paul Glees', ''The Times'', 4 August 1999</ref> He studied a BA in History and German at [[Oxford University]], a BPhil in Modern European History from [[St. Catherine’s College]], Oxford, and a DPhil also at Oxford University. He lectured at the [[University of Warwick]] before joining [[Brunel University]] on 1 October 1975. <ref>[[Media:0319-1-.pdf|Letter]] from Brunel University Information Access Officer, 15 April 2009</ref>

Glees taught at Brunel for over three decades, and was latterly the Director of the [[Brunel Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies]].<ref>Anthony Glees, Letter, The Times, Friday, Aug 15, 1980; pg. 11; Issue 60704; col H; Melanie Newman, 'Culture in the state-funded sector condones failure, claims professor', ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 4 September 2008</ref> Up until 2005, his area of academic interest was espionage and German history and politics. In July 2003 the website OpenDemocracy published an article by Glees which was accompanied by the following biographical note:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">'''Anthony Glees''' is a reader in history at Brunel University. His research interests include German politics, British-German relations, German transformation since 1989; Germany’s new political culture with special reference to the impact of human rights abuses, truth and reconciliation issues in respect of the former German Democratic Republic. <ref>OpenDemocracy, [http://www.opendemocracy.net/author/Anthony_Glees.jsp Anthony Glees] (accessed 30 March 2009)</ref></blockquote>

In the course of 2005, Glees emerged as a 'terrorism expert' consulted by the media. He appears to have emerged as an expert after the London bombings on 7 July 2005, when he was consulted as an 'intelligence expert' to comment on the alleged failure of the intelligence services to predict that attack. <ref>e.g. 'Anthony Glees discusses improving anti-terrorism intelligence', Weekend All Things Considered, NPR, 8:00 PM EST 9 July 2005</ref> By this time Glees had spent several months compiling a report for the right wing think-tank the [[Social Affairs Unit]] on extremism in British Universities. <ref>Polly Curtis, 'They don't sit with a sign recruiting for terrorists', ''Guardian'', 19 July 2005</ref>

According to his profile at the consultancy [[Alpha Intelligence Management]], Glees has been 'an official adviser to the European Parliament on counter-terrorism and security policy' since 2002. <ref>[[Media:Alpha Intelligence Management Screen Grab.JPG|Screengrab]] of <http://alphaintelligencemanagement.com/about_alpha_intelligence_management.htm> created 30 March 2009, 07:31:14</ref>

In September 2008 the ''Times Higher Education Supplement'' reported that Glees was to leave Brunel University and join the [[University of Buckingham]], Britain's only private university. There it was reported he would 'set up a Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies with the emphasis on practical experience rather than theoretical understanding.' Glees criticised what he called a culture of "condoning failure" in the state sector, which he claimed was endemic in publicly-funded universities. He dismissed claims that the [[University of Buckingham]] was "Thatcherite" and said, "If there's one-dimensional politics in British higher education, it's a left-of-centre to Marxist consensus in the state system." <ref>Melanie Newman, 'Culture in the state-funded sector condones failure, claims professor', ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 4 September 2008</ref>

Glees gave his inaugural lecture as Professor of Politics and Director of the Centre for Security and Intelligence Studies at Buckingham on 28 October 2008. His lecture was entitled ''Safeguarding our democracy: current themes in the study of Britain's secret agencies''.<ref>[http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/sss/research/centres/bciss/teamhttp://www.buckingham.ac.uk/news/pressreleases/2008/glees.html Press Release - Professor Anthony Glees], University of Buckingham, 30 October 2008.</ref> Along with his BUSCIS colleague Dr [[Julian Richards]], Glees heads [[Security and Intelligence Research Centre Ltd]].<ref>[http://www.sairc.co.uk/contact-us.php Contact Us], Security and Intelligence Research Centre Ltd, accessed 6 May 2009.</ref>

==Glees on 'The Stasi files'==
Roger Morgan, writing in International Affairs (79/5, 2003), described the book as ‘unscholarly, sensationalist and deeply flawed’. More damning criticism came from John Sandford a leading light in the campaign for [[European Nuclear Disarmament]] GDR group which was active in promoting solidarity with the independent East German peace movement. Glees seems to have undergone something of a conversion on the GDR group. According to Sandford's account:

:Glees, whom I had not met before, came to interview me in my office at Reading University on the afternoon of 17 November 1998. He was, he said, doing research for a BBC television programme, and presented me – rather curiously, I thought – with a BBC News business card belonging (according to the email address on it) to [[Sarah Hann]] on which he had written by hand his own name, private email address, and telephone numbers. The programme would, he said, bring to public attention ‘the unsung role of the GDR Group and others in the events of 1989’. (Glees was to paint an even more glowing picture of END a year or so later, when he wrote of it as ‘a most remarkable institution, with a political impact in eastern Europe so great that we are entitled to regard it as one of the main causes of the defeat of communism in central and eastern Europe’ (The New Germany in the East, ed. Christopher Flockton, Eva Kolinsky and Rosalind Pritchard, London 2000: Frank Cass, p. 177).)<ref>John Sandford, [http://www.rdg.ac.uk/german/Sandford_Glees.htm Anthony Glees: The Stasi Files]: East Germany’s Secret Operations Against Britain (London 2003: The Free Press)</ref>

Later his view of the END GDR group was to change and he would describe them as 'assets' of the Stasi, the E German secret police.

:‘The Sandford Story’ (pp. 328-335) is the title that Glees gives to a section of a chapter called ‘The Stasi’s British Assets’, which in its turn is contained within the part of the book entitled ‘Penetration and Recruitment’... His technique is to use – and trust – the Stasi files to provide the starting-point for his ‘story’, and to make up any gaps and links himself as he goes along in a manner that – sometimes by confident assertion, sometimes by sneering innuendo – furthers his thesis of the Stasi’s ‘penetration and recruitment’ of its ‘British assets’.<ref>Ibid.</ref>

==When Students Turn to Terror==
[[Image:When Students Turn To Terror.jpg|thumb|right|''When Students Turn to Terror'', 2005]]With his former student [[Chris Pope]], Glees is the author of ''When Students Turn to Terror: Terrorist and Extremist Activity on British Campuses'' Published by the right wing [[Social Affairs Unit]] in Autumn 2005. The report argued that British universities are in Glees's words 'recruiting grounds for those who wish to destroy parliamentary liberal democracy'. <ref>Anthony Glees, [http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=198602&sectioncode=26 Beacons of truth or crucibles of terror?] ''Times Higher Educational Supplement'', 23 September 2005</ref> Glees wrote an article in the ''Times Higher Educational Supplement'' promoting the report and summarising its main findings. In it Glees called for action against 'terrorism' and what he called 'subversion', and advocated that universities 'establish watertight screening methods, together with MI5' and 'ban "faith" societies'. He also suggested that there was 'scope for covert action' by 'plainclothes officers'. <ref>Anthony Glees, [http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=198602&sectioncode=26 Beacons of truth or crucibles of terror?] ''Times Higher Educational Supplement'', 23 September 2005</ref>

The report gained widespread mainstream media attention <ref>Social Affairs Unit [http://www.socialaffairsunit.org.uk/blog/archives/000579.php]</ref> and little proper criticism.

At over 100 pages this is a longish report claiming to find evidence of Islamist, animal liberation and British National Party 'terrorism' on UK campuses. The basis of the evidence that there is 'terrorist activity' is simply that people who have been arrested under anti-Terrorism legislation attended universities at some point. On this basis there is also evidence of terrorist activity in schools, nurseries and for that matter even in mother's wombs, since all terrorists were once presumably there.

Here is a quote on the 'dangers' of the universities from the report:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">Instead of encouraging students to reflect on the values and virtues of liberal democracy, universities may be teaching them subjects or theoretical tools for understanding the world - Marxism for example - which could encourage them to believe Britain and other Western states are in terminal decline. Moving from campus to Mosque, students convinced by their dons might gain further inspiration from radical mullahs.<ref>Anthony Glees and Chris Pope ''When Students Turn to Terror: Terrorist and Extremist Activity on British Campuses'', Social Affairs Unit, 2005, p. 15</ref></blockquote>

This kind of reasoning is a recipe for thought control and the constraining of education within the conservative lexicon where 'liberal democracy' is by definition good and any critique of it in practice bad.

===The Enemies Within===

Anthony Glees described, in the ''Times Higher Education Supplement'' of April 2010, that 'Earth-shattering thinkers (Archimedes, Newton) had a single and major eureka moment, in the bath or under an apple tree. Jobbing scholars (like me) are more likely to have numerous minor insights in different places (in my case, in the shower, perhaps, or in the witching hours of the night)'. Glees goes on to describe his Eureka moments on the subject of 'Islamic terrorists on campus'.

:The recent media interest in my work has often come from the eureka moment I had (when shaving) in 2002, pondering the emerging problem (as it then was) of Islamist terrorism. I had just completed the manuscript of my book on the Stasi (The Stasi Files: East Germany's Secret Operations Against Britain), describing, inter alia, how in the UK the security service had exploited academic space, British students and academics - people interested in ideas - to further its particular aims'.

:The events of 11 September 2001 represented an obvious and serious intelligence failure. But it suddenly occurred to me that we needed to examine the background of the 9/11 bombers and not just regard them as appalling criminals, understandable as that view might be.

:After all, several of the 9/11 operatives had been students (notably at Hamburg University) and al-Qaeda used graduates more generally, as well as "useful idiots". If Islamic terrorists were not just criminals but also students or graduates, campuses and colleges could be places to look for them. Of course, many universities contain both the bright and the idiotic, dons as well as students.

:The next eureka moment came in 2004. If Islamic terrorists, even just a few, were stalking our campuses, we needed to find a means of preventing them from radicalising others. If educated people were turning to terror, it must follow that their education was lacking in some major way.

:Universities ought therefore to be doing far more to convince their students that change in our country must be peaceful and democratic. If dons were too cowardly to do so themselves, the government should instruct them to act (after all, the taxpayer was funding them).

:Rather than turning a blind eye to what was happening on their campuses, and focusing on research that few, if any, would read (unthinkingly following the mirage that is research funding), academics needed to get back to teaching their students - and not just their special subjects, but about life and liberty as well.

:My next (and related) eureka moment took place in 2006: if Islamic terrorists came from two discrete groups, and one group was homegrown, then might they be trying to construct within campuses sites that would support radicalisation, and then bring thugs into the UK, perhaps posing as students, who were ready to bomb when the order came through?

:This thought led naturally to the next thought: if there were a "campus" strand (and I never suggested it was more than a strand), was it being sustained by external funding? Together with my colleague Julian Richards (at that time research fellow in Brunel University's Centre for Intelligence and Security Studies), I looked into the funding issue and noticed that some £ 250 million of Arab and Islamic funding had poured into UK universities since 2000, most from Saudi Arabia, most to the University of Oxford, and most to support Islamic centres. Even philanthropic projects had an Islamic propagandistic side, as the rebuilding of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford readily illustrates<ref>Anthony Glees, The enemies within, ''The Times Higher Education Supplement'', 22-April-2010</ref>.

===Dundee University and Special Branch surveillance===
Dundee University was one of those named as a potential recruiting ground for terrorists and this has led to overt and covert surveillance by Special Branch of Islamic and anti war groups.<ref>[http://www.thecourier.co.uk/output/2006/09/19/newsstory8772979t0.asp Freshers' fair surveillance criticised] The Courier, 19 September 2006.</ref>
Sohaib Saeed writes:

:The only Scottish university named was Dundee, where a suspect in the 2002 Bali bombings is said to have once studied.

:The publicity associated with the report has caused great consternation on the Dundee campus, which is home to one of the country’s most active Islamic societies. DUIS president Hassan Habib told the iWitness of his society’s positive efforts to portray Islam accurately and engage with the wider student body. They have won several awards of recognition from the Student Association.

:“If there is any illegal activity going on, then it should be dealt with on the basis of evidence. If the Islamic society can be of any assistance in tackling such problems, then we will not hesitate to do our part.”

:Prof. Glees’ report, entitled “When Students Turn to Terror”, is remarkably devoid of detail about what exactly is wrong at Dundee. The only relevant paragraph informs us that “Suspected or confirmed terrorists who have studied in Britain in recent years include the lecturers Dr Azahari Husin, 45, who went to Reading University, and Shamsul Bahri Hussein, 36, who read applied mechanics at Dundee. They are wanted in connection with the Bali bombings in October 2002, when 202 people, including 26 Britons, died.”

:According to the Sunday Times, Hussein was at Dundee in the 1980s. Exactly what connection his student days in Fife have to his alleged involvement in a terrorist atrocity more than two decades later, is not made clear. Neither is the relevance of that case to the present time. Nevertheless, Glees states: “We have discovered a number of universities where subversive activities are taking place, often without the knowledge of the university authorities.”

:An open letter compiled by the Federation of Student Islamic Societies (FOSIS) claims that the report “has been undertaken without any academic or credible research; indeed the authors have systematically opted to rely on hearsay and allegations rather than fact.” The letter further called on the media to “exercise more caution” in their coverage.<ref>Sohaib Saeed, [http://www.iwitness.co.uk/scottish/0905s-09.htm Dundee students refute extremism smear] The I-Witness, 24 September 2005</ref>

===City University - report denounced by Vice Chancellor===
:I have read your soon-to-be published report ‘Why students turn to terror: terrorist and extremist activity on British campuses’ which was quoted in the Guardian today. In it, you include City University as one of a number of universities where (allegedly) ‘extremist or terrorist groups have been detected’. The only other reference to City University we can detect in your report (p52) is where you describe the case of Mr Saajid Badat. You say he was offered a place as a student at City University.

:Mr Saajid Badat did not however take up that place. When my press officer telephoned your co-author and you to point this out, she was told that you had other evidence which demonstrated a connection. She was then told that this was what appears on a BBC web site <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/gloucestershire/4305161.stm]</ref>. In reality, that report says unequivocally that he did not take up either of the offers of places he had at this and another university.

:All of us take the issue of terrorism extremely seriously. The well-being of students, staff, visitors to the university and the population in general are of the highest importance to us here in City. I will therefore deal appropriately with any relevant matters drawn to my attention – provided that there is some genuine evidence. In this case, the ‘evidence’ you have given us is farcical. I ask that you substantiate your claim or that you issue an immediate apology, remove City University from your list and notify the Guardian.<ref>[http://www.city.ac.uk/inau-vb/nc/cod/290905/cod290905_item5part1.doc Letter to Anthony Glees from the Vice chancellor of City University], dated 16 September 2005, posted on the City University website</ref>

==Views==
===Iraq and WMD===
In 2005 Glees wrote an article for ''Parliamentary Affairs'' entitled ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’. The article examined in some detail the process that led to the production of the infamous September 2002 dossier but did not attribute much blame to any of the parties involved. Glees dismissed the idea that the intelligence services might have been involved in deliberate misinformation, commenting that, 'it would be naïve to imagine that in a liberal democracy, those providing them [intelligence assessments] would, or could, agree to falsify intelligence even if [it] were technically possible.' <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, pp.138-139</ref> A year earlier Glees had complained in the ''Times Higher Education Supplement'' that his fellow academics were too sceptical of the intelligence services, referring to a "lack of political consensus that security and intelligence agencies are a vital resource for protecting democracy." This scepticism amongst academics he argued "had a profound negative impact on the development of our security." <ref>Steve Farrar, 'http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=187916&sectioncode=26 Scholars thwart spies]', ''Times Higher Education'', 9 April 2004</ref>

Happy that the intelligence services were blameless, Glee's main concern in his ''Parliamentary Affairs'' article seems to have been that the publication of the dossier undermined elite policy making by encouraging public scrutiny and undermining public confidence. He lamented that: 'future governments will find it much more difficult to convince citizens of the rectitude of intelligence-based policy in support of pre-emptive military action.' <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, 141</ref> He also warned that:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">The interests of open government and transparency – laudable aims in any advanced liberal society – may inadvertently constitute a security threat of their own. Openness is not always a virtue, secrecy is not always a vice. Publication [of the ‘dodgy dossier’] gave the electorate the feeling that they and not the government had the final say on what British policy should be, and whether the evidence adduced supported the attack on Iraq. This was a chaotic way to govern, and as has been amply shown by subsequent events, fundamentally counter-productive. <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, 153</ref></blockquote>

Glees also rather curiously referred to the ''Guardian'' as having ‘consistently opposed Blair’s Iraq policy’. <ref>Anthony Glees, ‘Evidence-Based Policy or Policy-Based Evidence? Hutton and the Government's Use of Secret Intelligence’, ''Parliamentary Affairs'', Vol.58 No.1 1, 2005, 143</ref>

===Internment and Human Rights===
In October 2006 Glees wrote an article in the ''Independent'' arguing for internment without trial and the overturning of the European Convention on Human Rights. Glees argued that, 'Academics should think the unthinkable,' and 'not be blinkered by political correctness.' He argued that the European Convention on Human Rights had 'gone too far' and was 'deeply flawed'. <ref>Anthony Glees, '[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/anthony-glees-internment-should-be-a-policy-option-420602.html Internment should be a policy option]' ''Independent'', 19 October 2006</ref>

In the closing paragraph of the article Glees called for action 'against extremism' and urged Britain's Muslims to leave the country:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">Liberal democracy will be easily destroyed if we do not act against extremism. We give our enemies the weapons they need to destroy us. We need to be more mindful that there is a threshold that should not be crossed. Not everything is permissible. Wearing the niqab is saying we don't want to be British. Forty per cent of British Muslims say they want to live under sharia law. That is unacceptable. They should go to a country with sharia law. <ref>Anthony Glees, '[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/anthony-glees-internment-should-be-a-policy-option-420602.html Internment should be a policy option]' ''Independent'', 19 October 2006</ref></blockquote>

==Henry Jackson Society...==
Glees is connected to the [[Henry Jackson Society Project for Democratic Geopolitics]] in that he has participated in their events and activities. Glees signed and 'Open Letter Regarding Zimbabwe' sent by the HJS to [[Gordon Brown]], [[George W. Bush]], [[Javier Solana]] and [[Thabo Mbeki]]<ref>Henry Jackson Society [http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/cms/harriercollectionitems/Henry%20Jackson%20Society%20Open%20Letter%20on%20Zimbabwe.pdf Open Letter Regarding Zimbabwe – Friday 27 June 2008] – accessed 30 March 2009</ref> On 2 July 2008, Anthony Glees was present at a Henry Jackson Society event where [[Jonathan Paris]] spoke about the "radicalization of Muslims in Europe" and how the Cold War should be a model on dealing with the problem. One of the discussants after the talk was Glees, and it was evident that they knew each other well. Glees is also associated with the [[Social Affairs Unit]] which has published several of his reports and also the manifesto of the Henry Jackson Society.

==Private Security==
Glees is a director of [[Alpha Intelligence Management]], described at Companies House as a "Business & management consultancy", incorporated 22/11/2006 and dissolved 18/01/2011.

==Contact, References and Resources==
===Contact===
===Resources===
*[http://www.dkrenton.co.uk/glees_report.html Dave Renton's Blog] on Glees.
*[http://www.thes.co.uk/current_edition/story.aspx?story_id=2025274 Glees report on terror riles v-cs] Phil Baty, Times Higher Education Supplement, Published: 14 October 2005

===References===
<references/>
[[Category:Terrorologist|Glees, Anthony]]
[[Category:Teaching About Terrorism|Glees, Anthony]]

Open Europe

2011-12-14T16:47:51Z

Cedric Knight: /* Examples of influence */ fmt punct

[[Image:7 Tufton Street.JPG|right|thumb|140px|Open Europe's Office, 7 [[Tufton Street]], Westminster]]'''Open Europe''' is a Eurosceptic think tank which is part of the [[Stockholm Network]] and has neoconservative connections.

==Introduction==
The European issue has been a defining fault-line for Conservatives for a generation. A not very well known think tank, but arguably a very significant organisation connected to [[David Cameron|Cameron’s]] advisers is Open Europe. This think tank focuses on the European Union and is unusual in that it is directly supported by business leaders. ‘Open Europe believes’ says their website ‘that the EU must now embrace radical reform based on economic liberalisation’.<ref>Open Europe [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/ About Us], accessed 25 February 2009</ref>What this appears to mean is integrating all EU countries further and faster into the global economy but with a distinct eurosceptic tinge. The [[Marquess of Salisbury]] is on the board of this organisation too. Amongst its supporters are [[John Sainsbury]] (Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover) who donated to Cameron’s leadership campaign along with fellow donor [[Peter Gummer]].

==Origins and History==
Open Europe grew out of the Tory led anti-EU No Campaign, which itself grew out of the Business for Sterling group. More specifically press reports suggest that it grew out of a break away group from the No Campaign put together by [[Maurice Saatchi|Lord Saatchi]] in May 2003 and originally known as Vote 2004. Vote 2004, which was headed by Open Europe's first director [[Neil O'Brien]] subsequently became Vote No, <ref>Steve Richards, '[http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/steve-richards/steve-richards-a-campaign-with-a-winning-message--and-a-complete-lack-of-selfconfidence-491183.html A campaign with a winning message - and a complete lack of self-confidence]', ''Independent'', 19 May 2005</ref> which was registered as a company Vote No Ltd in May 2004.

Open Europe was incorporated as a UK company on 25 July 2005. Its website was registered on 11 July 2005. <ref>[[Media:Open Europe Whois Record.pdf|Open Europe Whois Record]], accessed from Domain Tools at 9:35 on 18 June 2009</ref> It is hosted under the same IP address (212.113.23.102) which hosts the websites of [[Nick Herbert|Nick Herbert MP]] (founder of the No Campaign and former Director of [[Reform]] <ref>Tom Baldwin, ‘Davis team plan fuels fears over factions’, ''The Times'', 27 October 2001</ref>), [[Theos]], and [[Policy Exchange]]. <ref>Reverse IP Search, 10:22, 18 June 2009</ref> Open Europe was launched on 20 October 2005 at the Bloomberg European Headquarters on the south side of Finsbury Square in the City of London.

The initial directors of Open Europe Ltd were its Chairman [[Lord Leach]] and [[Michael Spencer]], Chief Executive of ICAP plc. The official position of its director [[Neil O'Brien]] was Company Secretary. <ref>Open Europe Ltd Companies House Appointments, accessed 18 June 2009</ref> Several more figures joined the board in 2006.

==Examples of influence==
On 5 December 2011, Open Europe published a briefing, ''Continental Shift: Safeguarding the UK’s financial trade in a changing Europe'',<ref>Open Europe press release, [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/media-centre/pressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=182 "UK Government should use EU Treaty negotiations to secure “emergency brake” on financial laws"], 5 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011; [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/continentalshift.pdf PDF of report]</ref> which Ed Conway, economics editor of [[Sky News]], said "seems to have influenced and informed the Prime Minister's position negotiating in Brussels".<ref>Ed Conway, [http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/16127288 What the PM Really Asked For In Brussels], Sky News, 9 December 2011</ref> The Open Europe Blog suggested UK Prime Minister David Cameron "Insert a political declaration in the summit conclusions tomorrow that calls for concrete measures to protect non-euro member states' economic interests; 2) Work out concrete protocol language amounting to a UK safeguard over EU financial services".<ref>http://openeuropeblog.blogspot.com/2011/12/what-could-cameron-hope-for.html</ref> The first had already been detailed in a "secret Foreign Office diplomatic note";<ref>Bruno Waterfield, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/debt-crisis-live/8942090/Debt-crisis-as-it-happened-December-8-2011.html Debt crisis: as it happened December 8, 2011], ''Daily Telegraph'', 8 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011</ref> the second, not published as of 14 December 2011, corresponds to the "specific protocol on financial services" mentioned by EU President Barroso that resulted in the remaining 26 countries of the EU "moving ahead [on a fiscal compact] without UK’s participation". Prior to this outcome, some commentators had suggested Cameron might succeed, and satisfy Conservative MPs: "the sceptical think tank Open Europe has argued for a protocol for the single market where Britain's influence over financial services laws could be safeguarded, particularly against decisions taken by the eurozone that will impact on all 27 EU countries. As a text contained within a formal protocol, this would have some legal basis."<ref>James Landale, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-16077990 PM's EU task: Saving the euro and saving his party], BBC News, 7 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011</ref>

==Stockholm Network==
Open Europe, like both [[Politeia]] and the [[Policy Exchange]], is a member of the [[Stockholm Network]] of free market think tanks whose membership also includes the stalwarts of the free market right from the early stages of the neo-liberal revolution such as the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]], the [[Adam Smith Institute]], the [[Centre for Policy Studies]] and the [[Social Affairs Unit]] (of a total of 19 UK member organisations).<ref>See the list of UK members at http://www.stockholm-network.org/network/details.php?id=1, accessed 2 April 2007.</ref>

The Stockholm Network is the ‘main liaison channel’ for free market European think tanks. It was founded in September 1997 and claims to bring together over 120 think tanks from across Europe.<ref>http://www.stockholm-network.org</ref>The member groups are primarily ‘dogmatic free-marketeers who want to introduce minimalist "flat taxes" (thus ending redistribution via taxation), terminate social protection systems and privatise healthcare. They attack socially or environmentally progressive legislation, which is in place or under discussion, and that places restrictions on market activity. For example, these think tanks consistently cast doubt on the seriousness of climate change, oppose environmental regulations and promote free-market pseudo-solutions to virtually every problem.'<ref>Corporate Europe Observatory, "Covert industry funding fuels the expansion of radical rightwing EU think tanks", July 2005. http://www.corporateeurope.org/stockholmnetwork.html</ref>

The Stockholm Network links also to the network of right wing think tanks in the US. It has close links with the [[Heritage Foundation]], which ‘frequently’ sends staff to Europe and has ‘worked closely with five like-minded European think tanks to produce and launch a European edition of their Index of Economic Freedom, which ranks countries according to criteria like tax reduction and deregulation policies.’<ref>Corporate Europe Observatory, 2005.</ref>

==Neocon connections==
===Funding===
The 2006 accounts of the right-wing American [[Smith Richardson Foundation]] describe a $176,000 grant given to Open Europe's then Director [[Neil O'Brien]] to research and write a book on the EU for the [[Policy Forum on International Security Affairs]]. The project was titled ''Reforming the E.U. for the 21st Century: Roadmaps for Reform'' and described as follows:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">Neil O’Brien will research and write a book exploring the future of the European Union. He will commission public opinion research, conduct interviews with leading European officials, and convene a series of meetings in order to develop a roadmap for reform of the European Union.<ref>[http://www.srf.org/databank/documents/19_doc.pdf Annual Report 2006], Smith Richardson Foundation, Inc. Accessed 27 December 2008.</ref></blockquote>

As of July 2009 the book does not so far appear to have been published, although Open Europe did arrange a seminar called 'Reforming the EU for the 21st century' on 14 May 2009 at the Europaforum in Hässleholm. The speakers at the seminar were [[Mats Persson]] and [[Lorraine Mullally]] from Open Europe and [[Bruno Waterfield]] the EU correspondent for the ''Daily Telegraph''. <ref>Europaforum, Hässleholm, [http://www.hassleholm.se/20430?open=5 Torsdag 14 maj/Thursday], accessed 19 June 2009</ref>

The 2007 accounts of the [[Policy Forum on International Security Affairs]] reveal that the forum provided a grant of $78,080 to Open Europe that year. <ref>Policy Forum on International Security Affairs 2007 IRS Form 990, p.3</ref> The accounts provide no further details of the purpose of the grant.

The obscure conservative foundation the [[Institute for Policy Research]] has also funded [[Open Europe]] repeatedly. Full details from Charity Commission filings are in the table below.

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" align="right" width="60%">
<tr>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Funding agency<ref>Data compiled from filings at the Charity Commission.</ref></th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2005</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2006</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2007</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2008</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2009</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2010</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Total 2005-2010</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align="center">[[Institute for Policy Research]]</td>
<td align="center">70,000</td>
<td align="center">95,346</td>
<td align="center">127,000</td>
<td align="center">181,500</td>
<td align="center">105,000</td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>

</table>

===Events===
On 22 May 2007 Open Europe co-hosted an event at the House of Commons with the [[International Media Intelligence Analysis]] called 'Iran, Britain and Europe: Post hostage crisis, what can we expect next?'. The event included presentations by [[Claude Moniquet]], the Director of the [[European Strategic and Intelligence Center]] and [[Mark Fitzpatrick]] of the [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] and former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Non-proliferation at the State Department.

[[Mark Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick]] said that Iran was looking to develop longer range missiles capable of reaching western Europe and that Israel “has real reason to see an Iranian nuclear capability as an existential threat”. [[Claude Moniquet|Moniquet]] said that there was a danger of terrorist attacks in Europe if military action is taken against Iran, saying that “Iran was a terrorist state for 23 years. We have no proof this has changed. Iran is working hard to organise terror in Europe,” targeting the UK in particular. <ref>'Iran, Britain and Europe: Post hostage crisis, what can we expect next? - 22 May 2007', [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/events/ Open Europe Events], accessed 19 June 2009</ref>

On 9 October 2007 Open Europe hosted a debate on the Galileo European Satellite System. One speaker at the debate was [[Peter Brookes]] of the [[Heritage Foundation]]. According to Open Europe's account of the speech Brookes said that some in the US are alarmed about the military aspects of the Galileo and saw the push for the system as symptomatic of some in Europe that are pushing Europe to pursue its own security and defence identity, separate from the US and NATO. He said: “It could be argued that the militarisation of the EU – Galileo being part of that – marks one of the greatest geo-political shifts in the transatlantic alliance since the second world war. In the eyes of some the ESDP [European Security and Defense Policy] embodies some of the worst elements of European animosity towards the United States.” <ref>'Galileo - is it worth it? 9 October, 2007', [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/events/ Open Europe Events], accessed 19 June 2009</ref>

==People==
<table border="1" bgcolor="white" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="80%" align="center">
<th colspan="3" bgcolor="goldenrod">Board</th>
<tr><td>[[Meg Allen]] &dagger;1, [[DRAMLA SA]]</td>
<td>[[John Barton]] &dagger;1, [[Wellington Underwriting plc]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Freeman]] &dagger;11, [[Argent Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Rupert Hambro]] &dagger;1, [[J O Hambro Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Jennings]] &dagger;3, [[Shell Transport & Trading plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Leach of Fairford]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;12, [[Matheson & Co]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lizzie Noel]] &dagger;12 of Communications, [[Tribal Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Ord]] &dagger;13, [[The Bristol Port Company]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Renwick of Clifton]] &dagger;2, Investment Banking, [[J P Morgan (Europe)]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Salisbury]] &dagger;12, [[Gascoyne Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Derek Scott]] &dagger;10 Economics Advisor to the Prime Minister, 1997-2003</td>
<td>[[Nigel Smith]] &dagger;3, the no (euro) campaign</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Spencer]] &dagger;4, [[ICAP plc]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Wheeler]] &dagger;11, [[IG Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Brian Williamson]] Senior Advisor, [[Fleming Family & Partners]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Simon Wolfson]] &dagger;4, [[Next plc]]</td>
<td> </td><td> </td></tr>
<th colspan="3" bgcolor="goldenrod">Supporters</th>
<tr><td>[[Antony Acland]] former Head of the Diplomatic Service</td>
<td>[[David Agnew]] &dagger;1 & &dagger;13, [[Isaac Agnew (Holdings) Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rudolph Agnew]] &dagger;1, [[WCMC 2000]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Mohammed Ali]] &dagger;18 and &dagger;11, [[Ambala Foods]]</td>
<td>[[Andrew Allum]] Partner, [[LEK Consulting]]</td>
<td>[[Henry Angest]] &dagger;1 & &dagger;4, [[Arbuthnot Banking Group Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Angus]] &dagger;12, [[Halcrow]]</td>
<td>[[Martyn Arbib]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;3, [[Perpetual Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Archbold OBE]] &dagger;1, [[Archbold Logistics Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Ashburton]] &dagger;3, [[British Petroleum Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Edward Atkin]] &dagger;13, [[CA Holdings Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Auston]] &dagger;1, [[Checkmate Avon Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Bailey]] &dagger;1, [[Datacash Group Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Andrew Bainbridge]] &dagger;12 General, [[MEUC Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Hew Balfour]] &dagger;4, [[Havelock Europa plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Anthony Bamford]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;13, [[JCB]]</td>
<td>[[Lawrence Banks]] former &dagger;10, [[Robert Fleming Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Barber CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Bolero International Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Anthony Barbour]] &dagger;13, [[Bolesworth Estate Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Patrick Barbour]] &dagger;12, [[Microgen plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Barker]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[Copley Square (2003) Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Barton]] &dagger;10, [[Alliance & Leicester plc]]</td>
<td>[[Neville Baxter]] &dagger;1, [[The R H Group]]</td>
<td>[[Ian Baxter]] &dagger;13, [[The RH Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Philip Beck]] &dagger;3, [[Railtrack]]</td>
<td>[[John Beckwith]] &dagger;1, [[Pacific Investments Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Bell]] &dagger;13, [[Castle View International Holdings]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Steven Bell]] &dagger;2, [[Newman Scott Shopfitting]]</td>
<td>[[Susan Bell Proctor]] &dagger;13, [[Warehouse Systems Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rupert Bentley]] &dagger;12, [[Bentley Reid Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Simon Bentley]] &dagger;10, [[Mishcon de Reya]]</td>
<td>[[Marcus Beresford]] &dagger;1, [[Rocardo Plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Bernstein]] &dagger;1, [[Blacks Leisure Group Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Nicholas Berry]] &dagger;1, [[Stancroft Trust]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Biffa]] &dagger;10, [[Shanks Group]]</td>
<td>[[John Biggin]] &dagger;13, [[Keltruck Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lynn Billings]] Finance &dagger;12, [[Finglow Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Brian Bird]] &dagger;1, [[The Bird Group of Companies]]</td>
<td>[[Charlotte Black]] Marketing &dagger;12, [[Brewin Dolphin Secruities Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Toby Blackwell]] &dagger;6, [[Blackwell UK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Blakenham]] &dagger;3, [[Pearson Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Philip Bland]] &dagger;12, [[Oval Insurance Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Robert Boas]] &dagger;1, [[Federation of British Artists]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Boggis-Rolfe]] &dagger;4, [[Odgers, [[Ray & Berndston Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Bond]] &dagger;9, [[Corfe Castle Holidays]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Roger Bootle]] &dagger;13, [[Capital Economics]]</td>
<td>[[John Brackenbury]] &dagger;1, [[Brackenbury Leisure Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Leslie Breathwick]] &dagger;1, [[Cannoncourt Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Iain Breese]] &dagger;1, [[Westler Foods Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Brent]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;13, [[Trimite Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Briggs]] &dagger;13, [[Dawsons Music Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Briggs]] &dagger;13, [[Offshoot Enterprises Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Brocklebank-Fowler]] &dagger;13, [[Cubutt Consulting]]</td>
<td>[[Roger Brooke]] &dagger;1, [[Innisfree plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Keith Brooks]] &dagger;4, [[TBI Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Brown]] Head of Investment, [[Schroders]]</td>
<td>[[Philip Brown]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;3, [[PJB Publications]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Buckley]] &dagger;1, [[Caledonia Investments Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Burden]] &dagger;13, [[Anglo St James Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Burrows]] &dagger;1, [[Tex Holdings]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Paul Burton]] &dagger;1, [[The Burton Agency Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Burton]] &dagger;13, [[Flightform UK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Joel Cadbury]] &dagger;4, [[Longshot plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Charles Cameron]] &dagger;4, [[InTechnology Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Keith Cann-Evans]] &dagger;13, [[Hunter Grinders Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Mark Cannon-Brookes]] &dagger;12, [[Smith and Williamson Investment Management]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Raymond Carr]] Historian</td>
<td>[[Ken Carter]] &dagger;1, [[Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group]]</td>
<td>[[Alun Cathcart]] &dagger;1, [[Avis Europe]]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[John Caudwell]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[The Caudwell Group]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Charles Cecil]] &dagger;12, [[Helix Associates Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Chadlington]] &dagger;4, [[Huntsworth Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Gilbert Chalk]] &dagger;1, [[The Baring English Growth Fund, [[Baring Private Equity Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Chambers]] &dagger;1, [[Lindum Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Clifford Champion]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;6, [[A W Champion Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Kit Chapman]] &dagger;14, [[The Castle at Taunton]]</td>
<td>[[Keith Chapman]] &dagger;1, [[Findel Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Mike Clare]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Dreams Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Clare CBE]] &dagger;4, [[Dixons Group Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robin Clark]] &dagger;1, [[Taylor Clark Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Clarke]] &dagger;12, [[Cridmore Farm Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Duncan Clegg]] &dagger;1, [[Low and Bonar Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Algy Cluff]] &dagger;1, [[Cluff Gold Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Clugston]] &dagger;1, [[Clugston Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Timothy Cockroft]] &dagger;12, [[KBC Peel Hunt Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Kay Coleman]] OBE &dagger;12 and former &dagger;4, [[Harvey's and Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>Sir [[John Coles]] Head of the Diplomatic Service, [[1994-97]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Collett]] &dagger;2, [[Congregational & General Insurance Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Collins]] &dagger;1, [[F L Estates]]</td>
<td>[[Roderick Collins]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;12, [[Firecrest Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tim Congdon]] &dagger;15, [[Institute of Economic Affairs]]</td>
<td>[[Andrew Cook]] &dagger;1, [[William Cook Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Laurence Copeland]] Professor of Financial Economics, [[Cardiff Business School]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Mike Cornish]] &dagger;12 and &dagger;3, [[Linpac Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Cotton]] &dagger;1, [[John Cotton Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Neil Cotton]] &dagger;12, [[Madison Drinks Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tom Cowie]] &dagger;1, [[North European Marine Services Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Craig]] &dagger;12, [[New Star Investment Trust plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Craven]] &dagger;1, [[Fleming Family and Partners]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Terry Cross]] &dagger;1, [[Delta Print & Packaging Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Stephen Curran]] &dagger;1, [[Candover Investments]]</td>
<td>[[Mark Darell-Brown]] &dagger;12, [[RAB Capital]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Daresbury]] &dagger;1, [[De Vere Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Jim Darling]] &dagger;1, [[Codemasters Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Duncan Davidson]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;11, [[Persimmon Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Crispin Davis]] &dagger;4, [[Reed Elsevier Group]]</td>
<td>[[James Davis CBE K(DK)]] &dagger;1, [[International Maritime Industries Forum]]</td>
<td>[[Michel de Carvalho]] Vice-&dagger;1, [[Citigroup plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Guy Dellal]] Property Investor</td>
<td>[[Felix Dennis]] &dagger;1, [[Dennis Group]]</td>
<td>[[Charles Dent]] &dagger;13, [[Timothy Taylor & Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Derwent]] &dagger;10, [[Hutchison Whampoa (Europe) Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rupert Dilnott-Cooper]] former &dagger;4, [[Carlton Communications plc]]</td>
<td>[[Maurice Dixson]] Executive &dagger;1, [[Cranfield Aerospace Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Dobbs]] Author]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Dobson]] &dagger;4, [[Schroders Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Judith Donovan CBE]] &dagger;1, [[DIY Direct Marketing Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lloyd Dorfman]] CEO and &dagger;1, [[Travelex Group]]</td>
<td>[[Justin Dowley]] &dagger;8, [[Tricorn Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Roger Earl]] Consultant to the Heath Lambert Group Plc</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stuart Earley]] former &dagger;13, [[Deep-Sea Lesiure Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Edmiston]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[IM Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Edwardes]] &dagger;1, [[Tryhorn Investments Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Egan]] &dagger;1, [[Severn Trent Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Johan Eliasch]] &dagger;1, [[Head Group]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Elliot]] &dagger;3, [[Blick Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Ben Elliot]] &dagger;16, [[Quintessentially]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Evans]] Joint &dagger;1, [[Rentacrate UK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Evans]] &dagger;10, [[Hall and Watts (Optronics) Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Patrick Evershed]] &dagger;12, [[New Star Asset Management Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Fairbairn]] former &dagger;10, [[M&G Group Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Francois Feuillat]] Partner, [[Vinson & Elkins RLLP]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Malcolm Field]] &dagger;1, [[Aricom Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Fildes]] &dagger;1, [[Barlows plc]]</td>
<td>[[Roddy Fleming]] &dagger;12, [[Fleming Family and Partners]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Jean-Paul Floru]] Councillor, [[City of Westminster]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Foden]] &dagger;3, [[ERF Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Professor James Foreman-Peck]] &dagger;12, [[Welsh Institute for Research in Economics & Development, [[Cardiff Business School]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Rocco Forte]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Rocco Forte Hotels]]</td>
<td>[[Graeme Foux]] &dagger;11 and CEO of Woyano]]</td>
<td>[[Oliver Fox-Pitt]] &dagger;12, [[Fox-Pitt Kelton Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[William Frame]] &dagger;13 and &dagger;11, [[Braemore Estates Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Frankopan]] Zagrebacki Neboder d.o.o]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Frankopan]] Senior Research &dagger;15, [[Worcester College, [[Oxford]]</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>[[David Franks]] &dagger;1, [[Broken Foot Inns Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Chris Fraser]] &dagger;13, [[Hotel Connect Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Ken Fraser]] &dagger;1, [[Norwell Engineering]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Clara Freeman]] former Executive &dagger;12, [[Marks & Spencer Plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Frieda]] &dagger;11, [[John Frieda plc]]</td>
<td>[[Jonathan Fry]] &dagger;3, [[Elementis plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Haruko Fukuda OBE]] &dagger;1, [[Caliber Global Investment Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Anthony Fuller CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Fuller Smith and Turner plc]]</td>
<td>[[Elizabeth Gage]] &dagger;1, [[Elizabeth Gage Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Barry Gamble]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Fountains plc]]</td>
<td>[[Edmund Gartside]] &dagger;12 and former &dagger;13, [[Shiloh Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Barry Grimaldi]] Private General Practitioner]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Martin Gatto]] &dagger;1, [[Neutrahealth plc]]</td>
<td>[[Thomas Gibson]] &dagger;1, [[Thomas Gibson Fine Art Advisory Services]]</td>
<td>[[Howard Giles]] &dagger;1, [[Gilesports plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Charles Goodson-Wickes]] &dagger;4, [[Medarc Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jonathan Goodwin]] Joint-&dagger;17 and co-&dagger;11, [[LongAcre Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[MIke Gooley]] &dagger;1, [[Trailfinders]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Campbell Gordon]] &dagger;12, [[UBS]]</td>
<td>[[David Gorton]] Co-&dagger;11, [[London Diversified Fund Managment]]</td>
<td>[[Ross Graham]] &dagger;7, [[Misys plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Donald Greenhalgh]] Non-Executive &dagger;12, [[Ainscough Cranes Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[George Greenwood]] &dagger;3, [[Steamship Insurance Management Services Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Ronald Grierson]] &dagger;7 General, [[Industry & Technology, [[European Commission]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stanley Grinstead]] &dagger;3, [[Grand Metropolitan Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lulu Guinness]] &dagger;1, [[Lulu Guinness Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Guy]] &dagger;1, [[PMS Developments Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alan Halsall]] Joint-&dagger;13, [[Silver Cross Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Hambro]] &dagger;1, [[Peter Hambro Plc and Peter Hambro Mining Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Don Hanson]] &dagger;1, [[Manchester University Pension Fund]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Robert Hanson]] &dagger;1, [[Hanson Capital Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Stephen Hargrave]] &dagger;1, [[Thomas Potts Plc]]</td>
<td>[[William Hargreaves]] Joint-&dagger;13, [[SISIS Equipment Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Hargreaves]] &dagger;4, [[Hargreaves Lansdown Plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Harris]] &dagger;1, [[Alba Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Harris of Peckham]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Carpetright plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Jeff Harrison]] &dagger;12, [[Tortcrest Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Harvey]] &dagger;12, [[First corporate Shipping Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Bobby Hashemi]] Co-&dagger;11, [[Coffee Republic]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Hawksley]] &dagger;4]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Heathcoat Amory]] &dagger;12 and &dagger;3, [[Jupiter International Green Investment Trust Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Heller]] &dagger;1, [[London and Associated Properties Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Oliver Hemsley]] &dagger;4, [[Numis Corporation Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robin Herbert]] &dagger;12, [[Arbuthnot Latham]]</td>
<td>[[Garth Heron]] &dagger;9, [[Garth Heron Search & Consultancy]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Hickman]] &dagger;1, [[Kingston Estates Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Hindlip]] &dagger;3, [[Christies International Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Hiscox]] &dagger;1, [[Hiscox Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alexander Hoare]] &dagger;4, [[Hoare and Co]]</td>
<td>[[David Hoare]] Executive &dagger;1, [[Virgin Express Holdings Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Jonathan Hodge]] Executive &dagger;10, [[Julian Hodge Bank]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Hoerner]] &dagger;4 of Clothing, [[Tesco Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Steven Hope]] &dagger;1 of A & D Hope]]</td>
<td>[[John Hoskyns]] &dagger;3, [[Arcadia Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Jan Hruska]] &dagger;4, [[Sophos plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Hunter]] &dagger;13, [[NCL Investments Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Kit Hunter Gordon]] &dagger;13, [[The Summit Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Hutchinson]] &dagger;1, [[The AGD Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Hutton]] &dagger;13, [[Priory Hotels Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Tim Iredale]] &dagger;13, [[Reed of Trowbridge]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Kambiz Jaberi]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;13, [[Karins Group of Companies]]</td>
<td>[[John Jackson]] &dagger;1, [[Whitley Willows Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[C Richard Jackson MBE]] &dagger;1, [[Mercedes Benz North Yorkshire]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Jackson]] &dagger;1, [[Elderstreet Investments]]</td>
<td>[[Clive Jacobs]] &dagger;11, [[Holiday Autos]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Jacomb]] &dagger;3, [[Prudential plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Margot James]] &dagger;11, [[Shire Health Group]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Jay]] former Economics Editor, [[BBC]]</td>
<td>[[Mark Jiskoot]] &dagger;13, [[Jiskoot Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Luke Johnson]] &dagger;1, [[Signature Restaurants plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Johns-Powell]] &dagger;13, [[William Powell & Son Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Joll]] &dagger;1, [[MJ2 Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alan Jones OBE]] former Group &dagger;13, [[TNT Express UK]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Jones]] Operations &dagger;12, [[Argos Retail Group]]</td>
<td>[[Kenneth Jordan]] &dagger;18, [[Chailey Consulting]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[C Judd]] &dagger;12, [[Gerald Judd Sales Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Judge]] &dagger;1, [[Royal Society of Arts]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Kalms of Edgware]] &dagger;6, [[Dixons plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Kane]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[Business Post Group]]</td>
<td>[[Gerald Kaye]] Development &dagger;12, [[Helical Bar plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Kaye]] &dagger;4, [[Canfield Investments Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Terence Kealey]] Vice Chancellor, [[University of Buckingham]]</td>
<td>[[John Keating]] &dagger;13, [[Wessex Resins and Adhesives Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Martyn Kebbell]] &dagger;1, [[Maxwell Stamp plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Graham Keddie]] &dagger;1, [[GSPK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Chris Kelly]] &dagger;1, [[Keltruck Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[William Kendall]] &dagger;4, [[Green & Black's]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Chips Keswick]] &dagger;3, [[Hambros Bank Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Henry Keswick]] &dagger;1, [[Matheson and Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Keswick]] &dagger;12, [[Matheson and Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Paul Killik]] &dagger;5, [[Killik & Co]]</td>
<td>[[Mike Killingley]] &dagger;1, [[Beale Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Richard King]] &dagger;1, [[Oyster Partners Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Brian Kingham]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[Reliance Security Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Kirby]] &dagger;13, [[Thomas Crapper and Sons Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Matthew Knight]] &dagger;5, [[Knights Solicitors]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tom Kremer]] &dagger;1, [[Seven Towns Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Laidlaw of Rothiemay]] &dagger;11, [[Institute for International Research]]</td>
<td>[[Deepak Lal]] Emeritus Professor of Political Economy, [[University College London]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Martin Landau]] &dagger;12, [[European Hotels Corp Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Lane]] &dagger;13, [[GRS Roadstone Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Langham]] &dagger;1, [[Langham Industries Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Lascelles]] Co-&dagger;12 and Joint &dagger;11 of the Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation]]</td>
<td>[[Ruth Lea]] &dagger;12, [[Centre for Policy Studies]]</td>
<td>[[John Lea]] &dagger;13, [[Morning Foods Ltd]]</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>[[David Lees]] &dagger;1, [[Tate & Lyle plc]]</td>
<td>[[Howard Leigh]] &dagger;12, [[Cavendish]]</td>
<td>Major General [[Gordon Lennox]] The Gordon Lennox Estate Company]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Hugh Lenon]] &dagger;9, [[Phoenix Equity Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Graeme Lewis]] &dagger;1, [[Hi-Gear Leisure plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Linacre]] &dagger;13, [[Massive Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Kevin Linfoot]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[K W Linfoot plc]]</td>
<td>[[Marcus Loudon]] Co-&dagger;11, [[Lawton Cross Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rupert Lowe]] &dagger;1, [[Lesiure Holdings Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Gerard Lyons]] Chief Economist, [[Standard Chartered plc]]</td>
<td>[[Neil MacKinnon]] Chief Currency Strategist, [[The ECU Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Alastair MacMillan]] &dagger;12, [[White House Products Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lt Col W P C MacNair]] &dagger;13, [[Black Isle Communications Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lilian Mains]] &dagger;13, [[Zodiac Training Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Dimitri Marchessini]] &dagger;1, [[Marchessini and Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tim Martin]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;11, [[JD Weatherspoon plc]]</td>
<td>[[Ivan Massow]] &dagger;11, [[Ivan Massow Financial Services Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Mawdsley]] &dagger;13, [[The Mawdsley Consultancy]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Malcolm McAlpine]] &dagger;12, [[Robert McAlpine Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jack McClenaghan]] &dagger;13, [[Phoenix Merchants Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Kiki McDonough]] &dagger;11, [[Kiki McDonough]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Charles McLeod]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;4, [[The 4Less Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nigel McNair Scott]] &dagger;1, [[Avocet Mining plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nick Medlam]] &dagger;13, [[Safetell International Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Melbourn MBE]] &dagger;12, [[Gulf International plc]]</td>
<td>[[Tim Melville-Ross]] &dagger;1, [[DTZ Holdings plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Michael CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Classic FM]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Antony Michaelson]] &dagger;13, [[Musical Fidelity]]</td>
<td>[[Edgar Miller]] &dagger;13, [[Palladian Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Miller]] &dagger;1, [[Harris & Sheldon Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lorna Moran MBE]] CEO, [[NRG Group]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Morgan]] &dagger;1, [[Strategic Thought Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Douglas Morpeth]] &dagger;3, [[Clerical Medical Life Assurances]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Morriss]] &dagger;13, [[Marmet Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[James Morton]] Investment &dagger;12, [[European American Securities]]</td>
<td>[[Raymond Mould]] &dagger;1, [[Pillar Property plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Simon Murray]] &dagger;1, [[Simon Murray & Associates]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Neame CBE DL]] &dagger;1, [[Shepherd Neame Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Newman]] &dagger;12, [[Armchair Passenger Company Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Anthony Nissen]] &dagger;13, [[The Virtual Office Group]]</td>
<td>[[Jill Norman]] Writer</td>
<td>[[John Nott]] &dagger;3, [[Hillsdown Holdings plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stephens Obomese]] &dagger;13, [[The Leber-Lebe House Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Julian Ogilvie Thompson]] Non-executive &dagger;12, [[De Beers Consolidated Mines and De Beers sa]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Oldfield]] &dagger;4, [[Oldfield Partners LLP]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Matthew Orr]] Co-&dagger;11 of [[Killik & Co]]</td>
<td>[[Gordon Owen]] former Group &dagger;13, [[Cable & Wireless]]</td>
<td>[[David Palmer]] former &dagger;4 and &dagger;1, [[Willis, Faber & Dumas]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Patient]] &dagger;13, [[Indigo Public Relations]]</td>
<td>[[Louise Patten]] &dagger;1, [[Brixton Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Pawley]] &dagger;12, [[Proficio Solutions Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alan Peacock]] Co-&dagger;11, [[David Hume Institute]]</td>
<td>[[John Phillips CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Reliance Barker Davies Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Peake]] &dagger;3, [[Kleinwort Benson Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Pickard]] &dagger;10, [[London First]]</td>
<td>[[Desmond Pitcher]] &dagger;12 and &dagger;3, [[United Utilities plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Pittard]] former Group &dagger;13, [[Pittards plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Plaut]] &dagger;13, [[Northmace Hendon Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Mike Price]] &dagger;1, [[Castle Composite Doors Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Price]] &dagger;3, [[F & C Management plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Professor Gwyn Prins]] LSE and Columbia University]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Prowting]] &dagger;1, [[Prowting Investments Plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Pusinelli]] &dagger;12, [[Corporate Development, [[Close Brothers Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[William Pybus]] &dagger;3, [[AAH Holdings]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Quinton]] &dagger;1, [[Halarose Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Sean Ramsden]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;13, [[Nisa International]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Christopher Rea]] &dagger;13, [[AES Engineering Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Neil Record]] &dagger;1, [[Record Currency Management Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Gavin Reed]] &dagger;12, [[Broadgate Management Services Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Reid Scott]] &dagger;1, [[Hawkpoint Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Remnant CVO]] &dagger;3, [[National Provident Institution]]</td>
<td>[[Nigel Rich CBE]] &dagger;12, [[Sutherland Corporate Services]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Martin Ricketts CBE]] Professor, [[University of Buckingham]]</td>
<td>[[John Ritblat]] &dagger;1, [[British Land Company plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Rivers-Fletcher]] &dagger;13, [[Watsonian-Squire Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Graham Roach]] &dagger;2, [[Roach Foods Division, [[Tulip Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Robins]] &dagger;3, [[Austin Reed Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Robinson]] &dagger;1, [[Frederic Robinson Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Clive Rook]] &dagger;13, [[Rook Matthews Sayer Property]]</td>
<td>[[Philippa Rose]] &dagger;4, [[Rose Partnership]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Rose]] &dagger;4, [[Marks & Spencer plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Raj Ruia]] &dagger;12, [[Ruia Group]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Saatchi]] Partner, [[M&C Saatchi]]</td>
<td>[[John Sadler]] &dagger;3, [[Pearl Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover]] &dagger;6, [[J Sainsbury plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Sallnow-Smith]] &dagger;4, [[Hongkong Land Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jim Sander]] &dagger;1, [[Precision Concepts Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Paddy Scott]] former &dagger;13, [[Pimm's Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Malcolm Scott]] &dagger;13, [[Dunalastair Estates]]</td>
<td>[[Patrick Scott]] &dagger;12, [[The Ormiston Partnership]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Sedgley]] &dagger;1, [[Roadlink International Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Shale]] &dagger;4, [[Oxford Resources Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jane Sheldon]] &dagger;13, [[Mawsley Machinery]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Sheppard of Didgemere]] &dagger;1, [[Didgemere Consultants]]</td>
<td>[[Graham Sherren]] &dagger;1, [[Centaur Media]]</td>
<td>[[Geoffrey Simon]] &dagger;1, [[John Broadwood and Sons Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Clive Snell]] &dagger;13, [[Trigate Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Spira]] former &dagger;2 of Goldman Sachs International]]</td>
<td>[[James Spooner]] &dagger;7, [[John Swire and Sons]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[James Staughton]] &dagger;13, [[St Austell Brewery Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Stoddart]] Senior Advisor, [[Fleming Family and Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Stone]] &dagger;1, [[Gamma Telecommunications Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Stormonth Darling]] &dagger;1, [[Atlas Capital Group SA]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Storey Bt CBE]] &dagger;3, [[Portsmouth & Sunderland Newspapers plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Sunley]] &dagger;1, [[Sunley Holdings Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Tanner]] &dagger;1, [[Tanners Wines Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Taylor]] former Financial &dagger;12 of Gresham Scientific Instruments Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Brian Tew]] Partner, [[Simon Smith Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Tice]] &dagger;12, [[Maxcap Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Tomkinson]] &dagger;3, [[Pittards Plc]]</td>
<td>[[James Tonner]] &dagger;18, [[JETechnics]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Topham]] &dagger;12, [[Charles Topham Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peregrine Towneley]] Executive Committee Member, [[Agnew Higgins Pickering & Co]]</td>
<td>[[Tony Travis]] &dagger;3 and &dagger;4, [[Travis Perkins Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Viscount Trenchard]] Senior Advisor, [[Prudential Financial Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Hugh Trevor-Jones]] &dagger;1, [[Lowe and Fletcher Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Neville Trotter]] &dagger;1, [[British-American Chamber of Commerce North East]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Andrew Tuckey]] &dagger;12, [[Bridgewell]]</td>
<td>[[Derek Tughan]] &dagger;1, [[Ralborough Securities Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Turnbull]] &dagger;1, [[Turnbull Scott and Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Neil Turner]] &dagger;1, [[Edward Turner and Sons Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rod Turner]] &dagger;1 of Whale Tankers Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Vallance]] &dagger;12, [[Vallectric Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Varley]] Group &dagger;4, [[Barclays Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Vinson of Roddam Dene]] &dagger;7, [[British Airports Authority]]</td>
<td>[[Fred Vinton]] &dagger;1, [[Electra Partners Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David von Simson]] &dagger;13, [[Europa Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Charles Wade]] &dagger;1, [[Wade Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Patrick Walker]] &dagger;7 General, [[MI5]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Max Ward]] &dagger;13, [[The Independent Investment Trust Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Monima Wardle]] &dagger;13, [[City Analytics]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Wheeler]] &dagger;11, [[Charles Tyrwhitt Shirts LLP]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Whitaker]] Executive &dagger;12, [[Mitre Estates Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Bill Whiteley]] CEO, [[Rotork Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Whitmore]] &dagger;3, [[Butcombe Brewery Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Wildgoose]] &dagger;1, [[Wildgoose Construction Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Colin Wright]] &dagger;18, [[Wright Tucker and Associates]]</td>
<td>[[John R Wright]] former &dagger;4, [[Clydesdale & Yorkshire Banks]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stanislas Yassukovich]] &dagger;1, [[S M Yassukovich and Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Young]] &dagger;4, [[Meyado International Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Young of Graffham]] &dagger;1, [[Young Associates Ltd]]</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" bgcolor="goldenrod" align="left" style="font-size:10pt">
Source: Open Europe 2005-2007 [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/board.aspx Board] Accessed 22 Aug 2007

&dagger; key:<ol>
<li>Chairman</li>
<li>Vice Chairman</li>
<li>former Chairman</li>
<li>Chief Executive</li>
<li>Senior Partner</li>
<li>President</li>
<li>former Director</li>
<li>Founder Partner</li>
<li>Managing Partner</li>
<li>Deputy Chairman</li>
<li>Founder</li>
<li>Director</li>
<li>Managing Director</li>
<li>Propreitor</li>
<li>Fellow</li>
<li>Founding Partner</li>
</ol>
</th>
</tr>
</table>

==Contact==
*7 [[Tufton Street]], London

==Resources==
*Open Europe 2005-2007[http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/board.aspx Board] Accessed 22 Aug 2007
*Open Europe 2005-2007[http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/supporters.aspx Supporters] Accessed 22 Aug 2007

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Think Tanks]]

[[Category:UK]]

Open Europe

2011-12-14T16:27:00Z

Cedric Knight: +possible effect of Continental Shift briefing

[[Image:7 Tufton Street.JPG|right|thumb|140px|Open Europe's Office, 7 [[Tufton Street]], Westminster]]'''Open Europe''' is a Eurosceptic think tank which is part of the [[Stockholm Network]] and has neoconservative connections.

==Introduction==
The European issue has been a defining fault-line for Conservatives for a generation. A not very well known think tank, but arguably a very significant organisation connected to [[David Cameron|Cameron’s]] advisers is Open Europe. This think tank focuses on the European Union and is unusual in that it is directly supported by business leaders. ‘Open Europe believes’ says their website ‘that the EU must now embrace radical reform based on economic liberalisation’.<ref>Open Europe [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/ About Us], accessed 25 February 2009</ref>What this appears to mean is integrating all EU countries further and faster into the global economy but with a distinct eurosceptic tinge. The [[Marquess of Salisbury]] is on the board of this organisation too. Amongst its supporters are [[John Sainsbury]] (Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover) who donated to Cameron’s leadership campaign along with fellow donor [[Peter Gummer]].

==Origins and History==
Open Europe grew out of the Tory led anti-EU No Campaign, which itself grew out of the Business for Sterling group. More specifically press reports suggest that it grew out of a break away group from the No Campaign put together by [[Maurice Saatchi|Lord Saatchi]] in May 2003 and originally known as Vote 2004. Vote 2004, which was headed by Open Europe's first director [[Neil O'Brien]] subsequently became Vote No, <ref>Steve Richards, '[http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/steve-richards/steve-richards-a-campaign-with-a-winning-message--and-a-complete-lack-of-selfconfidence-491183.html A campaign with a winning message - and a complete lack of self-confidence]', ''Independent'', 19 May 2005</ref> which was registered as a company Vote No Ltd in May 2004.

Open Europe was incorporated as a UK company on 25 July 2005. Its website was registered on 11 July 2005. <ref>[[Media:Open Europe Whois Record.pdf|Open Europe Whois Record]], accessed from Domain Tools at 9:35 on 18 June 2009</ref> It is hosted under the same IP address (212.113.23.102) which hosts the websites of [[Nick Herbert|Nick Herbert MP]] (founder of the No Campaign and former Director of [[Reform]] <ref>Tom Baldwin, ‘Davis team plan fuels fears over factions’, ''The Times'', 27 October 2001</ref>), [[Theos]], and [[Policy Exchange]]. <ref>Reverse IP Search, 10:22, 18 June 2009</ref> Open Europe was launched on 20 October 2005 at the Bloomberg European Headquarters on the south side of Finsbury Square in the City of London.

The initial directors of Open Europe Ltd were its Chairman [[Lord Leach]] and [[Michael Spencer]], Chief Executive of ICAP plc. The official position of its director [[Neil O'Brien]] was Company Secretary. <ref>Open Europe Ltd Companies House Appointments, accessed 18 June 2009</ref> Several more figures joined the board in 2006.

==Examples of influence==
On 5 December 2011, Open Europe published a briefing, ''Continental Shift: Safeguarding the UK’s financial trade in a changing Europe'' <ref>Open Europe press release, [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/media-centre/pressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=182 "UK Government should use EU Treaty negotiations to secure “emergency brake” on financial laws"], 5 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011; [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/continentalshift.pdf PDF of report]</ref>, which Ed Conway, economics editor of [[Sky News]] said "seems to have influenced and informed the Prime Minister's position negotiating in Brussels" <ref>Ed Conway, [http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/16127288 What the PM Really Asked For In Brussels], Sky News, 9 December 2011</ref>. The Open Europe Blog suggested UK Prime Minister David Cameron "Insert a political declaration in the summit conclusions tomorrow that calls for concrete measures to protect non-euro member states' economic interests; 2) Work out concrete protocol language amounting to a UK safeguard over EU financial services" <ref>http://openeuropeblog.blogspot.com/2011/12/what-could-cameron-hope-for.html</ref>. The first had already been detailed in a "secret Foreign Office diplomatic note" <ref>Bruno Waterfield, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/debt-crisis-live/8942090/Debt-crisis-as-it-happened-December-8-2011.html Debt crisis: as it happened December 8, 2011], ''Daily Telegraph'', 8 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011</ref>; the second, not published as of 14 December 2011, corresponds to the "specific protocol on financial services" mentioned by EU President Barroso that resulted in the remaining 26 countries of the EU "moving ahead [on a fiscal compact] without UK’s participation". Prior to this outcome, some commentators had suggested Cameron might succeed, and satisfy Conservative MPs: "the sceptical think tank Open Europe has argued for a protocol for the single market where Britain's influence over financial services laws could be safeguarded, particularly against decisions taken by the eurozone that will impact on all 27 EU countries. As a text contained within a formal protocol, this would have some legal basis." <ref>James Landale, [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-16077990 PM's EU task: Saving the euro and saving his party], BBC News, 7 December 2011, accessed 14 December 2011</ref>

==Stockholm Network==
Open Europe, like both [[Politeia]] and the [[Policy Exchange]], is a member of the [[Stockholm Network]] of free market think tanks whose membership also includes the stalwarts of the free market right from the early stages of the neo-liberal revolution such as the [[Institute of Economic Affairs]], the [[Adam Smith Institute]], the [[Centre for Policy Studies]] and the [[Social Affairs Unit]] (of a total of 19 UK member organisations).<ref>See the list of UK members at http://www.stockholm-network.org/network/details.php?id=1, accessed 2 April 2007.</ref>

The Stockholm Network is the ‘main liaison channel’ for free market European think tanks. It was founded in September 1997 and claims to bring together over 120 think tanks from across Europe.<ref>http://www.stockholm-network.org</ref>The member groups are primarily ‘dogmatic free-marketeers who want to introduce minimalist "flat taxes" (thus ending redistribution via taxation), terminate social protection systems and privatise healthcare. They attack socially or environmentally progressive legislation, which is in place or under discussion, and that places restrictions on market activity. For example, these think tanks consistently cast doubt on the seriousness of climate change, oppose environmental regulations and promote free-market pseudo-solutions to virtually every problem.'<ref>Corporate Europe Observatory, "Covert industry funding fuels the expansion of radical rightwing EU think tanks", July 2005. http://www.corporateeurope.org/stockholmnetwork.html</ref>

The Stockholm Network links also to the network of right wing think tanks in the US. It has close links with the [[Heritage Foundation]], which ‘frequently’ sends staff to Europe and has ‘worked closely with five like-minded European think tanks to produce and launch a European edition of their Index of Economic Freedom, which ranks countries according to criteria like tax reduction and deregulation policies.’<ref>Corporate Europe Observatory, 2005.</ref>

==Neocon connections==
===Funding===
The 2006 accounts of the right-wing American [[Smith Richardson Foundation]] describe a $176,000 grant given to Open Europe's then Director [[Neil O'Brien]] to research and write a book on the EU for the [[Policy Forum on International Security Affairs]]. The project was titled ''Reforming the E.U. for the 21st Century: Roadmaps for Reform'' and described as follows:

<blockquote style="background-color:ivory;border:1pt solid Darkgoldenrod;padding:1%;font-size:10pt">Neil O’Brien will research and write a book exploring the future of the European Union. He will commission public opinion research, conduct interviews with leading European officials, and convene a series of meetings in order to develop a roadmap for reform of the European Union.<ref>[http://www.srf.org/databank/documents/19_doc.pdf Annual Report 2006], Smith Richardson Foundation, Inc. Accessed 27 December 2008.</ref></blockquote>

As of July 2009 the book does not so far appear to have been published, although Open Europe did arrange a seminar called 'Reforming the EU for the 21st century' on 14 May 2009 at the Europaforum in Hässleholm. The speakers at the seminar were [[Mats Persson]] and [[Lorraine Mullally]] from Open Europe and [[Bruno Waterfield]] the EU correspondent for the ''Daily Telegraph''. <ref>Europaforum, Hässleholm, [http://www.hassleholm.se/20430?open=5 Torsdag 14 maj/Thursday], accessed 19 June 2009</ref>

The 2007 accounts of the [[Policy Forum on International Security Affairs]] reveal that the forum provided a grant of $78,080 to Open Europe that year. <ref>Policy Forum on International Security Affairs 2007 IRS Form 990, p.3</ref> The accounts provide no further details of the purpose of the grant.

The obscure conservative foundation the [[Institute for Policy Research]] has also funded [[Open Europe]] repeatedly. Full details from Charity Commission filings are in the table below.

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="1" align="right" width="60%">
<tr>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Funding agency<ref>Data compiled from filings at the Charity Commission.</ref></th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2005</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2006</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2007</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2008</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2009</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">2010</th>
<th bgcolor="goldenrod" width="15%">Total 2005-2010</th>
</tr>

<tr>
<td align="center">[[Institute for Policy Research]]</td>
<td align="center">70,000</td>
<td align="center">95,346</td>
<td align="center">127,000</td>
<td align="center">181,500</td>
<td align="center">105,000</td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>

</table>

===Events===
On 22 May 2007 Open Europe co-hosted an event at the House of Commons with the [[International Media Intelligence Analysis]] called 'Iran, Britain and Europe: Post hostage crisis, what can we expect next?'. The event included presentations by [[Claude Moniquet]], the Director of the [[European Strategic and Intelligence Center]] and [[Mark Fitzpatrick]] of the [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] and former Deputy Assistant Secretary for Non-proliferation at the State Department.

[[Mark Fitzpatrick|Fitzpatrick]] said that Iran was looking to develop longer range missiles capable of reaching western Europe and that Israel “has real reason to see an Iranian nuclear capability as an existential threat”. [[Claude Moniquet|Moniquet]] said that there was a danger of terrorist attacks in Europe if military action is taken against Iran, saying that “Iran was a terrorist state for 23 years. We have no proof this has changed. Iran is working hard to organise terror in Europe,” targeting the UK in particular. <ref>'Iran, Britain and Europe: Post hostage crisis, what can we expect next? - 22 May 2007', [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/events/ Open Europe Events], accessed 19 June 2009</ref>

On 9 October 2007 Open Europe hosted a debate on the Galileo European Satellite System. One speaker at the debate was [[Peter Brookes]] of the [[Heritage Foundation]]. According to Open Europe's account of the speech Brookes said that some in the US are alarmed about the military aspects of the Galileo and saw the push for the system as symptomatic of some in Europe that are pushing Europe to pursue its own security and defence identity, separate from the US and NATO. He said: “It could be argued that the militarisation of the EU – Galileo being part of that – marks one of the greatest geo-political shifts in the transatlantic alliance since the second world war. In the eyes of some the ESDP [European Security and Defense Policy] embodies some of the worst elements of European animosity towards the United States.” <ref>'Galileo - is it worth it? 9 October, 2007', [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/events/ Open Europe Events], accessed 19 June 2009</ref>

==People==
<table border="1" bgcolor="white" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" width="80%" align="center">
<th colspan="3" bgcolor="goldenrod">Board</th>
<tr><td>[[Meg Allen]] &dagger;1, [[DRAMLA SA]]</td>
<td>[[John Barton]] &dagger;1, [[Wellington Underwriting plc]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Freeman]] &dagger;11, [[Argent Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Rupert Hambro]] &dagger;1, [[J O Hambro Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Jennings]] &dagger;3, [[Shell Transport & Trading plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Leach of Fairford]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;12, [[Matheson & Co]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lizzie Noel]] &dagger;12 of Communications, [[Tribal Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Ord]] &dagger;13, [[The Bristol Port Company]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Renwick of Clifton]] &dagger;2, Investment Banking, [[J P Morgan (Europe)]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Salisbury]] &dagger;12, [[Gascoyne Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Derek Scott]] &dagger;10 Economics Advisor to the Prime Minister, 1997-2003</td>
<td>[[Nigel Smith]] &dagger;3, the no (euro) campaign</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Spencer]] &dagger;4, [[ICAP plc]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Wheeler]] &dagger;11, [[IG Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Brian Williamson]] Senior Advisor, [[Fleming Family & Partners]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Simon Wolfson]] &dagger;4, [[Next plc]]</td>
<td> </td><td> </td></tr>
<th colspan="3" bgcolor="goldenrod">Supporters</th>
<tr><td>[[Antony Acland]] former Head of the Diplomatic Service</td>
<td>[[David Agnew]] &dagger;1 & &dagger;13, [[Isaac Agnew (Holdings) Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rudolph Agnew]] &dagger;1, [[WCMC 2000]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Mohammed Ali]] &dagger;18 and &dagger;11, [[Ambala Foods]]</td>
<td>[[Andrew Allum]] Partner, [[LEK Consulting]]</td>
<td>[[Henry Angest]] &dagger;1 & &dagger;4, [[Arbuthnot Banking Group Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Angus]] &dagger;12, [[Halcrow]]</td>
<td>[[Martyn Arbib]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;3, [[Perpetual Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Archbold OBE]] &dagger;1, [[Archbold Logistics Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Ashburton]] &dagger;3, [[British Petroleum Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Edward Atkin]] &dagger;13, [[CA Holdings Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Auston]] &dagger;1, [[Checkmate Avon Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Bailey]] &dagger;1, [[Datacash Group Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Andrew Bainbridge]] &dagger;12 General, [[MEUC Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Hew Balfour]] &dagger;4, [[Havelock Europa plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Anthony Bamford]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;13, [[JCB]]</td>
<td>[[Lawrence Banks]] former &dagger;10, [[Robert Fleming Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Barber CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Bolero International Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Anthony Barbour]] &dagger;13, [[Bolesworth Estate Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Patrick Barbour]] &dagger;12, [[Microgen plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Barker]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[Copley Square (2003) Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Barton]] &dagger;10, [[Alliance & Leicester plc]]</td>
<td>[[Neville Baxter]] &dagger;1, [[The R H Group]]</td>
<td>[[Ian Baxter]] &dagger;13, [[The RH Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Philip Beck]] &dagger;3, [[Railtrack]]</td>
<td>[[John Beckwith]] &dagger;1, [[Pacific Investments Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Bell]] &dagger;13, [[Castle View International Holdings]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Steven Bell]] &dagger;2, [[Newman Scott Shopfitting]]</td>
<td>[[Susan Bell Proctor]] &dagger;13, [[Warehouse Systems Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rupert Bentley]] &dagger;12, [[Bentley Reid Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Simon Bentley]] &dagger;10, [[Mishcon de Reya]]</td>
<td>[[Marcus Beresford]] &dagger;1, [[Rocardo Plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Bernstein]] &dagger;1, [[Blacks Leisure Group Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Nicholas Berry]] &dagger;1, [[Stancroft Trust]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Biffa]] &dagger;10, [[Shanks Group]]</td>
<td>[[John Biggin]] &dagger;13, [[Keltruck Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lynn Billings]] Finance &dagger;12, [[Finglow Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Brian Bird]] &dagger;1, [[The Bird Group of Companies]]</td>
<td>[[Charlotte Black]] Marketing &dagger;12, [[Brewin Dolphin Secruities Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Toby Blackwell]] &dagger;6, [[Blackwell UK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Blakenham]] &dagger;3, [[Pearson Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Philip Bland]] &dagger;12, [[Oval Insurance Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Robert Boas]] &dagger;1, [[Federation of British Artists]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Boggis-Rolfe]] &dagger;4, [[Odgers, [[Ray & Berndston Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Bond]] &dagger;9, [[Corfe Castle Holidays]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Roger Bootle]] &dagger;13, [[Capital Economics]]</td>
<td>[[John Brackenbury]] &dagger;1, [[Brackenbury Leisure Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Leslie Breathwick]] &dagger;1, [[Cannoncourt Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Iain Breese]] &dagger;1, [[Westler Foods Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Brent]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;13, [[Trimite Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Briggs]] &dagger;13, [[Dawsons Music Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Briggs]] &dagger;13, [[Offshoot Enterprises Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Brocklebank-Fowler]] &dagger;13, [[Cubutt Consulting]]</td>
<td>[[Roger Brooke]] &dagger;1, [[Innisfree plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Keith Brooks]] &dagger;4, [[TBI Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Brown]] Head of Investment, [[Schroders]]</td>
<td>[[Philip Brown]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;3, [[PJB Publications]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Buckley]] &dagger;1, [[Caledonia Investments Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Burden]] &dagger;13, [[Anglo St James Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Burrows]] &dagger;1, [[Tex Holdings]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Paul Burton]] &dagger;1, [[The Burton Agency Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Burton]] &dagger;13, [[Flightform UK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Joel Cadbury]] &dagger;4, [[Longshot plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Charles Cameron]] &dagger;4, [[InTechnology Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Keith Cann-Evans]] &dagger;13, [[Hunter Grinders Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Mark Cannon-Brookes]] &dagger;12, [[Smith and Williamson Investment Management]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Raymond Carr]] Historian</td>
<td>[[Ken Carter]] &dagger;1, [[Jardine Lloyd Thompson Group]]</td>
<td>[[Alun Cathcart]] &dagger;1, [[Avis Europe]]</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>[[John Caudwell]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[The Caudwell Group]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Charles Cecil]] &dagger;12, [[Helix Associates Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Chadlington]] &dagger;4, [[Huntsworth Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Gilbert Chalk]] &dagger;1, [[The Baring English Growth Fund, [[Baring Private Equity Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Chambers]] &dagger;1, [[Lindum Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Clifford Champion]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;6, [[A W Champion Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Kit Chapman]] &dagger;14, [[The Castle at Taunton]]</td>
<td>[[Keith Chapman]] &dagger;1, [[Findel Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Mike Clare]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Dreams Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Clare CBE]] &dagger;4, [[Dixons Group Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robin Clark]] &dagger;1, [[Taylor Clark Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Clarke]] &dagger;12, [[Cridmore Farm Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Duncan Clegg]] &dagger;1, [[Low and Bonar Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Algy Cluff]] &dagger;1, [[Cluff Gold Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Clugston]] &dagger;1, [[Clugston Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Timothy Cockroft]] &dagger;12, [[KBC Peel Hunt Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Kay Coleman]] OBE &dagger;12 and former &dagger;4, [[Harvey's and Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>Sir [[John Coles]] Head of the Diplomatic Service, [[1994-97]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Collett]] &dagger;2, [[Congregational & General Insurance Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Collins]] &dagger;1, [[F L Estates]]</td>
<td>[[Roderick Collins]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;12, [[Firecrest Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tim Congdon]] &dagger;15, [[Institute of Economic Affairs]]</td>
<td>[[Andrew Cook]] &dagger;1, [[William Cook Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Laurence Copeland]] Professor of Financial Economics, [[Cardiff Business School]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Mike Cornish]] &dagger;12 and &dagger;3, [[Linpac Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Cotton]] &dagger;1, [[John Cotton Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Neil Cotton]] &dagger;12, [[Madison Drinks Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tom Cowie]] &dagger;1, [[North European Marine Services Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Craig]] &dagger;12, [[New Star Investment Trust plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Craven]] &dagger;1, [[Fleming Family and Partners]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Terry Cross]] &dagger;1, [[Delta Print & Packaging Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Stephen Curran]] &dagger;1, [[Candover Investments]]</td>
<td>[[Mark Darell-Brown]] &dagger;12, [[RAB Capital]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Daresbury]] &dagger;1, [[De Vere Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Jim Darling]] &dagger;1, [[Codemasters Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Duncan Davidson]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;11, [[Persimmon Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Crispin Davis]] &dagger;4, [[Reed Elsevier Group]]</td>
<td>[[James Davis CBE K(DK)]] &dagger;1, [[International Maritime Industries Forum]]</td>
<td>[[Michel de Carvalho]] Vice-&dagger;1, [[Citigroup plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Guy Dellal]] Property Investor</td>
<td>[[Felix Dennis]] &dagger;1, [[Dennis Group]]</td>
<td>[[Charles Dent]] &dagger;13, [[Timothy Taylor & Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Derwent]] &dagger;10, [[Hutchison Whampoa (Europe) Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rupert Dilnott-Cooper]] former &dagger;4, [[Carlton Communications plc]]</td>
<td>[[Maurice Dixson]] Executive &dagger;1, [[Cranfield Aerospace Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Dobbs]] Author]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Dobson]] &dagger;4, [[Schroders Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Judith Donovan CBE]] &dagger;1, [[DIY Direct Marketing Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lloyd Dorfman]] CEO and &dagger;1, [[Travelex Group]]</td>
<td>[[Justin Dowley]] &dagger;8, [[Tricorn Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Roger Earl]] Consultant to the Heath Lambert Group Plc</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stuart Earley]] former &dagger;13, [[Deep-Sea Lesiure Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Edmiston]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[IM Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Edwardes]] &dagger;1, [[Tryhorn Investments Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Egan]] &dagger;1, [[Severn Trent Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Johan Eliasch]] &dagger;1, [[Head Group]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Elliot]] &dagger;3, [[Blick Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Ben Elliot]] &dagger;16, [[Quintessentially]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Evans]] Joint &dagger;1, [[Rentacrate UK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Alan Evans]] &dagger;10, [[Hall and Watts (Optronics) Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Patrick Evershed]] &dagger;12, [[New Star Asset Management Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Fairbairn]] former &dagger;10, [[M&G Group Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Francois Feuillat]] Partner, [[Vinson & Elkins RLLP]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Malcolm Field]] &dagger;1, [[Aricom Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Fildes]] &dagger;1, [[Barlows plc]]</td>
<td>[[Roddy Fleming]] &dagger;12, [[Fleming Family and Partners]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Jean-Paul Floru]] Councillor, [[City of Westminster]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Foden]] &dagger;3, [[ERF Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Professor James Foreman-Peck]] &dagger;12, [[Welsh Institute for Research in Economics & Development, [[Cardiff Business School]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Rocco Forte]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Rocco Forte Hotels]]</td>
<td>[[Graeme Foux]] &dagger;11 and CEO of Woyano]]</td>
<td>[[Oliver Fox-Pitt]] &dagger;12, [[Fox-Pitt Kelton Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[William Frame]] &dagger;13 and &dagger;11, [[Braemore Estates Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Frankopan]] Zagrebacki Neboder d.o.o]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Frankopan]] Senior Research &dagger;15, [[Worcester College, [[Oxford]]</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>[[David Franks]] &dagger;1, [[Broken Foot Inns Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Chris Fraser]] &dagger;13, [[Hotel Connect Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Ken Fraser]] &dagger;1, [[Norwell Engineering]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Clara Freeman]] former Executive &dagger;12, [[Marks & Spencer Plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Frieda]] &dagger;11, [[John Frieda plc]]</td>
<td>[[Jonathan Fry]] &dagger;3, [[Elementis plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Haruko Fukuda OBE]] &dagger;1, [[Caliber Global Investment Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Anthony Fuller CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Fuller Smith and Turner plc]]</td>
<td>[[Elizabeth Gage]] &dagger;1, [[Elizabeth Gage Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Barry Gamble]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Fountains plc]]</td>
<td>[[Edmund Gartside]] &dagger;12 and former &dagger;13, [[Shiloh Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Barry Grimaldi]] Private General Practitioner]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Martin Gatto]] &dagger;1, [[Neutrahealth plc]]</td>
<td>[[Thomas Gibson]] &dagger;1, [[Thomas Gibson Fine Art Advisory Services]]</td>
<td>[[Howard Giles]] &dagger;1, [[Gilesports plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Charles Goodson-Wickes]] &dagger;4, [[Medarc Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jonathan Goodwin]] Joint-&dagger;17 and co-&dagger;11, [[LongAcre Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[MIke Gooley]] &dagger;1, [[Trailfinders]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Campbell Gordon]] &dagger;12, [[UBS]]</td>
<td>[[David Gorton]] Co-&dagger;11, [[London Diversified Fund Managment]]</td>
<td>[[Ross Graham]] &dagger;7, [[Misys plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Donald Greenhalgh]] Non-Executive &dagger;12, [[Ainscough Cranes Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[George Greenwood]] &dagger;3, [[Steamship Insurance Management Services Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Ronald Grierson]] &dagger;7 General, [[Industry & Technology, [[European Commission]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stanley Grinstead]] &dagger;3, [[Grand Metropolitan Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lulu Guinness]] &dagger;1, [[Lulu Guinness Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Guy]] &dagger;1, [[PMS Developments Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alan Halsall]] Joint-&dagger;13, [[Silver Cross Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Hambro]] &dagger;1, [[Peter Hambro Plc and Peter Hambro Mining Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Don Hanson]] &dagger;1, [[Manchester University Pension Fund]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Robert Hanson]] &dagger;1, [[Hanson Capital Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Stephen Hargrave]] &dagger;1, [[Thomas Potts Plc]]</td>
<td>[[William Hargreaves]] Joint-&dagger;13, [[SISIS Equipment Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Hargreaves]] &dagger;4, [[Hargreaves Lansdown Plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Harris]] &dagger;1, [[Alba Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Harris of Peckham]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;4, [[Carpetright plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Jeff Harrison]] &dagger;12, [[Tortcrest Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Harvey]] &dagger;12, [[First corporate Shipping Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Bobby Hashemi]] Co-&dagger;11, [[Coffee Republic]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Hawksley]] &dagger;4]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Heathcoat Amory]] &dagger;12 and &dagger;3, [[Jupiter International Green Investment Trust Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Heller]] &dagger;1, [[London and Associated Properties Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Oliver Hemsley]] &dagger;4, [[Numis Corporation Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robin Herbert]] &dagger;12, [[Arbuthnot Latham]]</td>
<td>[[Garth Heron]] &dagger;9, [[Garth Heron Search & Consultancy]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Hickman]] &dagger;1, [[Kingston Estates Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Hindlip]] &dagger;3, [[Christies International Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Hiscox]] &dagger;1, [[Hiscox Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alexander Hoare]] &dagger;4, [[Hoare and Co]]</td>
<td>[[David Hoare]] Executive &dagger;1, [[Virgin Express Holdings Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Jonathan Hodge]] Executive &dagger;10, [[Julian Hodge Bank]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Hoerner]] &dagger;4 of Clothing, [[Tesco Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Steven Hope]] &dagger;1 of A & D Hope]]</td>
<td>[[John Hoskyns]] &dagger;3, [[Arcadia Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Jan Hruska]] &dagger;4, [[Sophos plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Hunter]] &dagger;13, [[NCL Investments Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Kit Hunter Gordon]] &dagger;13, [[The Summit Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Hutchinson]] &dagger;1, [[The AGD Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Hutton]] &dagger;13, [[Priory Hotels Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Tim Iredale]] &dagger;13, [[Reed of Trowbridge]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Kambiz Jaberi]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;13, [[Karins Group of Companies]]</td>
<td>[[John Jackson]] &dagger;1, [[Whitley Willows Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[C Richard Jackson MBE]] &dagger;1, [[Mercedes Benz North Yorkshire]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Jackson]] &dagger;1, [[Elderstreet Investments]]</td>
<td>[[Clive Jacobs]] &dagger;11, [[Holiday Autos]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Jacomb]] &dagger;3, [[Prudential plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Margot James]] &dagger;11, [[Shire Health Group]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Jay]] former Economics Editor, [[BBC]]</td>
<td>[[Mark Jiskoot]] &dagger;13, [[Jiskoot Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Luke Johnson]] &dagger;1, [[Signature Restaurants plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Johns-Powell]] &dagger;13, [[William Powell & Son Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Joll]] &dagger;1, [[MJ2 Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alan Jones OBE]] former Group &dagger;13, [[TNT Express UK]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Jones]] Operations &dagger;12, [[Argos Retail Group]]</td>
<td>[[Kenneth Jordan]] &dagger;18, [[Chailey Consulting]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[C Judd]] &dagger;12, [[Gerald Judd Sales Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Judge]] &dagger;1, [[Royal Society of Arts]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Kalms of Edgware]] &dagger;6, [[Dixons plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Kane]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[Business Post Group]]</td>
<td>[[Gerald Kaye]] Development &dagger;12, [[Helical Bar plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Kaye]] &dagger;4, [[Canfield Investments Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Terence Kealey]] Vice Chancellor, [[University of Buckingham]]</td>
<td>[[John Keating]] &dagger;13, [[Wessex Resins and Adhesives Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Martyn Kebbell]] &dagger;1, [[Maxwell Stamp plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Graham Keddie]] &dagger;1, [[GSPK Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Chris Kelly]] &dagger;1, [[Keltruck Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[William Kendall]] &dagger;4, [[Green & Black's]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Chips Keswick]] &dagger;3, [[Hambros Bank Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Henry Keswick]] &dagger;1, [[Matheson and Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Keswick]] &dagger;12, [[Matheson and Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Paul Killik]] &dagger;5, [[Killik & Co]]</td>
<td>[[Mike Killingley]] &dagger;1, [[Beale Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Richard King]] &dagger;1, [[Oyster Partners Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Brian Kingham]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[Reliance Security Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Kirby]] &dagger;13, [[Thomas Crapper and Sons Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Matthew Knight]] &dagger;5, [[Knights Solicitors]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tom Kremer]] &dagger;1, [[Seven Towns Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Laidlaw of Rothiemay]] &dagger;11, [[Institute for International Research]]</td>
<td>[[Deepak Lal]] Emeritus Professor of Political Economy, [[University College London]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Martin Landau]] &dagger;12, [[European Hotels Corp Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Lane]] &dagger;13, [[GRS Roadstone Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Langham]] &dagger;1, [[Langham Industries Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Lascelles]] Co-&dagger;12 and Joint &dagger;11 of the Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation]]</td>
<td>[[Ruth Lea]] &dagger;12, [[Centre for Policy Studies]]</td>
<td>[[John Lea]] &dagger;13, [[Morning Foods Ltd]]</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>[[David Lees]] &dagger;1, [[Tate & Lyle plc]]</td>
<td>[[Howard Leigh]] &dagger;12, [[Cavendish]]</td>
<td>Major General [[Gordon Lennox]] The Gordon Lennox Estate Company]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Hugh Lenon]] &dagger;9, [[Phoenix Equity Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Graeme Lewis]] &dagger;1, [[Hi-Gear Leisure plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Linacre]] &dagger;13, [[Massive Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Kevin Linfoot]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;1, [[K W Linfoot plc]]</td>
<td>[[Marcus Loudon]] Co-&dagger;11, [[Lawton Cross Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rupert Lowe]] &dagger;1, [[Lesiure Holdings Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Gerard Lyons]] Chief Economist, [[Standard Chartered plc]]</td>
<td>[[Neil MacKinnon]] Chief Currency Strategist, [[The ECU Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Alastair MacMillan]] &dagger;12, [[White House Products Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lt Col W P C MacNair]] &dagger;13, [[Black Isle Communications Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lilian Mains]] &dagger;13, [[Zodiac Training Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Dimitri Marchessini]] &dagger;1, [[Marchessini and Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Tim Martin]] &dagger;1 and &dagger;11, [[JD Weatherspoon plc]]</td>
<td>[[Ivan Massow]] &dagger;11, [[Ivan Massow Financial Services Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Paul Mawdsley]] &dagger;13, [[The Mawdsley Consultancy]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Malcolm McAlpine]] &dagger;12, [[Robert McAlpine Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jack McClenaghan]] &dagger;13, [[Phoenix Merchants Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Kiki McDonough]] &dagger;11, [[Kiki McDonough]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Charles McLeod]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;4, [[The 4Less Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nigel McNair Scott]] &dagger;1, [[Avocet Mining plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nick Medlam]] &dagger;13, [[Safetell International Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Melbourn MBE]] &dagger;12, [[Gulf International plc]]</td>
<td>[[Tim Melville-Ross]] &dagger;1, [[DTZ Holdings plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Michael CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Classic FM]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Antony Michaelson]] &dagger;13, [[Musical Fidelity]]</td>
<td>[[Edgar Miller]] &dagger;13, [[Palladian Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Miller]] &dagger;1, [[Harris & Sheldon Group Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lorna Moran MBE]] CEO, [[NRG Group]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Morgan]] &dagger;1, [[Strategic Thought Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Douglas Morpeth]] &dagger;3, [[Clerical Medical Life Assurances]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Morriss]] &dagger;13, [[Marmet Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[James Morton]] Investment &dagger;12, [[European American Securities]]</td>
<td>[[Raymond Mould]] &dagger;1, [[Pillar Property plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Simon Murray]] &dagger;1, [[Simon Murray & Associates]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Neame CBE DL]] &dagger;1, [[Shepherd Neame Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Newman]] &dagger;12, [[Armchair Passenger Company Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Anthony Nissen]] &dagger;13, [[The Virtual Office Group]]</td>
<td>[[Jill Norman]] Writer</td>
<td>[[John Nott]] &dagger;3, [[Hillsdown Holdings plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stephens Obomese]] &dagger;13, [[The Leber-Lebe House Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Julian Ogilvie Thompson]] Non-executive &dagger;12, [[De Beers Consolidated Mines and De Beers sa]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Oldfield]] &dagger;4, [[Oldfield Partners LLP]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Matthew Orr]] Co-&dagger;11 of [[Killik & Co]]</td>
<td>[[Gordon Owen]] former Group &dagger;13, [[Cable & Wireless]]</td>
<td>[[David Palmer]] former &dagger;4 and &dagger;1, [[Willis, Faber & Dumas]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Patient]] &dagger;13, [[Indigo Public Relations]]</td>
<td>[[Louise Patten]] &dagger;1, [[Brixton Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Pawley]] &dagger;12, [[Proficio Solutions Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Alan Peacock]] Co-&dagger;11, [[David Hume Institute]]</td>
<td>[[John Phillips CBE]] &dagger;1, [[Reliance Barker Davies Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Peake]] &dagger;3, [[Kleinwort Benson Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Pickard]] &dagger;10, [[London First]]</td>
<td>[[Desmond Pitcher]] &dagger;12 and &dagger;3, [[United Utilities plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Pittard]] former Group &dagger;13, [[Pittards plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Plaut]] &dagger;13, [[Northmace Hendon Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Mike Price]] &dagger;1, [[Castle Composite Doors Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[David Price]] &dagger;3, [[F & C Management plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Professor Gwyn Prins]] LSE and Columbia University]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Prowting]] &dagger;1, [[Prowting Investments Plc]]</td>
<td>[[David Pusinelli]] &dagger;12, [[Corporate Development, [[Close Brothers Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[William Pybus]] &dagger;3, [[AAH Holdings]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Quinton]] &dagger;1, [[Halarose Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Sean Ramsden]] &dagger;11 and &dagger;13, [[Nisa International]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Christopher Rea]] &dagger;13, [[AES Engineering Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Neil Record]] &dagger;1, [[Record Currency Management Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Gavin Reed]] &dagger;12, [[Broadgate Management Services Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Reid Scott]] &dagger;1, [[Hawkpoint Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Remnant CVO]] &dagger;3, [[National Provident Institution]]</td>
<td>[[Nigel Rich CBE]] &dagger;12, [[Sutherland Corporate Services]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Martin Ricketts CBE]] Professor, [[University of Buckingham]]</td>
<td>[[John Ritblat]] &dagger;1, [[British Land Company plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Rivers-Fletcher]] &dagger;13, [[Watsonian-Squire Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Graham Roach]] &dagger;2, [[Roach Foods Division, [[Tulip Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[John Robins]] &dagger;3, [[Austin Reed Group plc]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Robinson]] &dagger;1, [[Frederic Robinson Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Clive Rook]] &dagger;13, [[Rook Matthews Sayer Property]]</td>
<td>[[Philippa Rose]] &dagger;4, [[Rose Partnership]]</td>
<td>[[Stuart Rose]] &dagger;4, [[Marks & Spencer plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Raj Ruia]] &dagger;12, [[Ruia Group]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Saatchi]] Partner, [[M&C Saatchi]]</td>
<td>[[John Sadler]] &dagger;3, [[Pearl Group plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Sainsbury of Preston Candover]] &dagger;6, [[J Sainsbury plc]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Sallnow-Smith]] &dagger;4, [[Hongkong Land Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jim Sander]] &dagger;1, [[Precision Concepts Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Paddy Scott]] former &dagger;13, [[Pimm's Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Malcolm Scott]] &dagger;13, [[Dunalastair Estates]]</td>
<td>[[Patrick Scott]] &dagger;12, [[The Ormiston Partnership]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David Sedgley]] &dagger;1, [[Roadlink International Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Christopher Shale]] &dagger;4, [[Oxford Resources Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Jane Sheldon]] &dagger;13, [[Mawsley Machinery]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Lord Sheppard of Didgemere]] &dagger;1, [[Didgemere Consultants]]</td>
<td>[[Graham Sherren]] &dagger;1, [[Centaur Media]]</td>
<td>[[Geoffrey Simon]] &dagger;1, [[John Broadwood and Sons Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Clive Snell]] &dagger;13, [[Trigate Holdings Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peter Spira]] former &dagger;2 of Goldman Sachs International]]</td>
<td>[[James Spooner]] &dagger;7, [[John Swire and Sons]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[James Staughton]] &dagger;13, [[St Austell Brewery Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Stoddart]] Senior Advisor, [[Fleming Family and Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Stone]] &dagger;1, [[Gamma Telecommunications Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Peter Stormonth Darling]] &dagger;1, [[Atlas Capital Group SA]]</td>
<td>[[Richard Storey Bt CBE]] &dagger;3, [[Portsmouth & Sunderland Newspapers plc]]</td>
<td>[[John Sunley]] &dagger;1, [[Sunley Holdings Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Tanner]] &dagger;1, [[Tanners Wines Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Michael Taylor]] former Financial &dagger;12 of Gresham Scientific Instruments Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Brian Tew]] Partner, [[Simon Smith Group]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Tice]] &dagger;12, [[Maxcap Partners]]</td>
<td>[[Robert Tomkinson]] &dagger;3, [[Pittards Plc]]</td>
<td>[[James Tonner]] &dagger;18, [[JETechnics]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Richard Topham]] &dagger;12, [[Charles Topham Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Peregrine Towneley]] Executive Committee Member, [[Agnew Higgins Pickering & Co]]</td>
<td>[[Tony Travis]] &dagger;3 and &dagger;4, [[Travis Perkins Plc]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Viscount Trenchard]] Senior Advisor, [[Prudential Financial Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Hugh Trevor-Jones]] &dagger;1, [[Lowe and Fletcher Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Neville Trotter]] &dagger;1, [[British-American Chamber of Commerce North East]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Andrew Tuckey]] &dagger;12, [[Bridgewell]]</td>
<td>[[Derek Tughan]] &dagger;1, [[Ralborough Securities Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Turnbull]] &dagger;1, [[Turnbull Scott and Co Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Neil Turner]] &dagger;1, [[Edward Turner and Sons Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Rod Turner]] &dagger;1 of Whale Tankers Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Vallance]] &dagger;12, [[Vallectric Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Varley]] Group &dagger;4, [[Barclays Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Vinson of Roddam Dene]] &dagger;7, [[British Airports Authority]]</td>
<td>[[Fred Vinton]] &dagger;1, [[Electra Partners Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[David von Simson]] &dagger;13, [[Europa Partners Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Charles Wade]] &dagger;1, [[Wade Group Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Patrick Walker]] &dagger;7 General, [[MI5]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Max Ward]] &dagger;13, [[The Independent Investment Trust Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Monima Wardle]] &dagger;13, [[City Analytics]]</td>
<td>[[Nicholas Wheeler]] &dagger;11, [[Charles Tyrwhitt Shirts LLP]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Michael Whitaker]] Executive &dagger;12, [[Mitre Estates Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Bill Whiteley]] CEO, [[Rotork Plc]]</td>
<td>[[Simon Whitmore]] &dagger;3, [[Butcombe Brewery Ltd]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[John Wildgoose]] &dagger;1, [[Wildgoose Construction Limited]]</td>
<td>[[Colin Wright]] &dagger;18, [[Wright Tucker and Associates]]</td>
<td>[[John R Wright]] former &dagger;4, [[Clydesdale & Yorkshire Banks]]</td></tr>

<tr><td>[[Stanislas Yassukovich]] &dagger;1, [[S M Yassukovich and Co Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Martin Young]] &dagger;4, [[Meyado International Ltd]]</td>
<td>[[Lord Young of Graffham]] &dagger;1, [[Young Associates Ltd]]</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" bgcolor="goldenrod" align="left" style="font-size:10pt">
Source: Open Europe 2005-2007 [http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/board.aspx Board] Accessed 22 Aug 2007

&dagger; key:<ol>
<li>Chairman</li>
<li>Vice Chairman</li>
<li>former Chairman</li>
<li>Chief Executive</li>
<li>Senior Partner</li>
<li>President</li>
<li>former Director</li>
<li>Founder Partner</li>
<li>Managing Partner</li>
<li>Deputy Chairman</li>
<li>Founder</li>
<li>Director</li>
<li>Managing Director</li>
<li>Propreitor</li>
<li>Fellow</li>
<li>Founding Partner</li>
</ol>
</th>
</tr>
</table>

==Contact==
*7 [[Tufton Street]], London

==Resources==
*Open Europe 2005-2007[http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/board.aspx Board] Accessed 22 Aug 2007
*Open Europe 2005-2007[http://www.openeurope.org.uk/about-us/supporters.aspx Supporters] Accessed 22 Aug 2007

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Think Tanks]]

[[Category:UK]]