Difference between revisions of "State Violence and Collusion Timeline 1974"

From Powerbase
Jump to: navigation, search
(Glennane gang attacks)
(refs)
 
(24 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
Events related to state violence and collusion in Northern Ireland in 1974.
 
Events related to state violence and collusion in Northern Ireland in 1974.
 +
 +
==January==
 +
*'''1''' - Sunningdale power-sharing administration takes office.<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 +
*'''3''' - Director of Public Prosecutions writes to the Chief Constable of the [[RUC]], saying it had been decided not to charge [[Robin Jackson]] with the murder of Patrick Campbell.<ref name="LethalAllies46">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.46.</ref>
 +
*'''6''' - Tommy Toland shot and injured in Lurgan. The [[Ulster Defence Association]] later claimed responsibility.<ref name="LethalAllies52">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.52.</ref>
 +
*'''17''' - Daniel Hughes killed in loyalist attack on Boyle's Bar, Cappagh, County Tyrone. The attack is later claimed by the [[Ulster Volunteer Force]].<ref name="LethalAllies53">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.53.</ref>
 +
*'''19''' - [[SDLP]] leadership narrowly escapes a [[UVF]] bomb attack in Dungannon.<ref name="LethalAllies54">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.54.</ref>
  
 
==February==
 
==February==
*'''19''' - A [[UVF]] bomb kills tow people in a Catholic-owned Traynor's Bar in Aughenlig, Co Armagh. A UVF member was convicted for the attack in 1981. He was also convicted of a February 1974 attack on a courting couple in Charlemont. Two other men were also convicted of the latter attack, both former members of the [[UDR]], and one also a former member of the [[RUC]].<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, pp.423-424.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the bombings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
+
*'''February undated''' - [[Brian Nelson]] sentenced to imprisonment for seven years for firearms offences, intimidation and assault occasioning actual bodily harm.<ref name="DeSilvavol1Ch6">Sir Desmond de Silva, [http://www.patfinucanereview.org/report/volume01/chapter006/ Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson], Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.</ref>
 +
*'''11''' Marian Rafferty and Thomas Mitchell shot and injured in loyalist attack in Moy.<ref name="LethalAllies12">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.12.</ref> [[Stuart Ashton]] and [[Derek McFarland]] admitted involvement in the attack in 1980.<ref name="LethalAllies55">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.55.</ref>
 +
*'''19''' - A [[UVF]] bomb kills two people in a Catholic-owned Traynor's Bar in Aughenlig, Co Armagh. A UVF member was convicted for the attack in 1981. He was also convicted of a February 1974 attack on a courting couple in Charlemont. Two other men were also convicted of the latter attack, both former members of the [[UDR]], and one also a former member of the [[RUC]].<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, pp.423-424.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the bombings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 +
*'''28''' - Westminster general election - [[United Ulster Unionist Council]] wins 11 of 12 seats, with the [[SDLP]] winning West Belfast.<ref>W.D Flackes & Sydney Elliott, ''Northern Ireland: A Political Directory 1968-88'', Blackstaff Press, 1989, p.4.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==March==
 +
*'''5''' - 9 people injured in a [[UVF]] bomb attack on a house in Coalisland. The bombers had kidnapped two men in a bread van and loaded the bomb into it.<ref name="LethalAllies60">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.60.</ref>
 +
*'''13''' - [[Trevor Barnard]] charged in relation to 5 March Coalisland kidnapping.<ref name="LethalAllies60">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.60.</ref>
 +
*'''15''' - [[John Somerville]] and [[Wesley Somerville]] appear in court in relation to 5 March kidnapping.<ref name="LethalAllies60">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.60.</ref>
 +
*'''19''' - [[Robert Fisk]] reports in ''The Times'' that [[SAS]] members are serving undercover in Belfast and Derry.<ref name="LethalAllies61">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.61.</ref>
 +
*'''21''' - [[Ulster Workers Council]] formed.<ref name="LethalAllies61">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.61.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==April==
 +
*'''4''' [[Merlyn Rees]] announces the end of internment and the deproscription of the [[UVF]] and [[Sinn Féin]].<ref name="LethalAllies61">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.61.</ref>
  
 
==May==
 
==May==
*'''7''' - [[SDLP]] members James and Gertrude Devlin are shot dead by a uniformed man near the home at Congo Road, near Edendork, Co Tyrone. A 21-year-old [[UDR]] member was later convicted of the murders. The court heard he had driven the gunmen to the scene. A July 1996 ''Sunday Independent'' report linked [[Robin Jackson]] to the killings.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.444.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the shootings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
+
*'''7''' - [[SDLP]] members James and Gertrude Devlin are shot dead by a uniformed man near the home at Congo Road, near Edendork, Co Tyrone. A 21-year-old [[UDR]] member, [[William Thomas Leonard]], was later convicted of the murders. The court heard he had driven the gunmen to the scene. A July 1996 ''Sunday Independent'' report linked [[Robin Jackson]] to the killings.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.444.</ref><ref name="LethalAllies64">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.64.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the shootings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 +
*'''10''' - [[Brendan Hughes]] arrested in raid on a house in Myrtlefield Park, Belfast.<ref name="LethalAllies68">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.68.</ref>
 +
*'''13''' - In the House of Commons, Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]] denounces [[IRA]] 'Doomsday' document recovered at Myrtlefield Park. The British Ambassador in Dublin presents the document to Taoiseach [[Liam Cosgrave]].<ref name="LethalAllies68">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.68.</ref>
 +
*'''14''' - [[Ulster Workers Council]] declares beginning of strike.<ref name="LethalAllies69">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.69.</ref>
 +
*'''15''' - Internal [[Ministry of Defence]] letter warns that [[RUC]] may have concealed criminal records of applicants to facilitate recruitment into the [[Ulster Defence Regiment]].<ref name="LethalAllies67">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.67.</ref>
 +
*'''17''' - Three no-warning car bombs ripped through the heart of Dublin at 5.30 pm. Twenty-six people (including a French and Italian citizen) and an unborn baby lost their lives. Parnell Street, Talbot Street and South Leinster Street were devastated. Ninety minutes later, a fourth car bomb exploded outside Greacen's Pub in North Road, Monaghan town where a further seven people died.<ref>[http://www.dublinmonaghanbombings.org/index2.html THE DUBLIN AND MONAGHAN BOMBINGS], Justice for the Forgotten, 19 June 2012.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the bombings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 +
*'''19''' - [[Merlyn Rees]] declares state of emergency.<ref name="LethalAllies70">Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.70.</ref>
 +
*'''27''' - [[James Allan|J.N. Allan]] and [[Michael Oatley]] met with the [[UVF]] at [[Laneside]]. Those present included [[Ken Gibson]], [[John Falls]], [[Tom Best]] and [[Stanley Grey]].<ref name="UVFmeeting">[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/declassified/laneside74.pdf Extract from National Archives file CJ4 1147], archived by the Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 4 April 2013.</ref>
 +
*'''28''' - Sunningdale administration collapses and [[Ulster Workers Council]] strike ends.<ref name"Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 +
*'''29''' - A further meeting with the  [[UVF]] at Laneside. [[James Allan|J.N. Allan]] and [[Michael Oatley]] meet [[Ken Gibson]] and [[John Falls]].<ref name="UVFmeeting">
 +
[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/declassified/laneside74.pdf Extract from National Archives file CJ4 1147], archived by the Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 4 April 2013.</ref>
  
*'''17''' - Three no-warning car bombs ripped through the heart of Dublin at 5.30 pm. Twenty-six people (including a French and Italian citizen) and an unborn baby lost their lives. Parnell Street, Talbot Street and South Leinster Street were devastated. Ninety minutes later, a fourth car bomb exploded outside Greacen's Pub in North Road, Monaghan town where a further seven people died.<ref>[http://www.dublinmonaghanbombings.org/index2.html THE DUBLIN AND MONAGHAN BOMBINGS], Justice for the Forgotten, 19 June 2012.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the bombings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
+
==June==
 +
*'''15''' - John Patrick Cunningham, a 27-year-old man with a mental disability, was shot dead by British soldiers near his home in Benburb, Tyrone.<ref>Gerry Moriarty, [http://www.irishtimes.com/news/crime-and-law/british-government-apologises-over-shooting-of-mentally-disabled-man-1.1331878 British government apologises over shooting of mentally disabled man], ''Irish Times'', 20 March 2013.</ref>
 +
 
 +
==September==
 +
*'''27''' - [[Colin Wallace]] promoted to senior information officer.<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
  
 
==October==
 
==October==
 +
*'''1''' - [[Colin Wallace]] declines to undertake further work on Operation [[Clockwork Orange]] at around this time.<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 +
*'''10''' - UK General election.<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 +
*'''16''' - [[Colin Wallace]] offered a position at the [[Northern Ireland Office]].<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 
*'''27''' - The body is discovered of 18-year-old Anthony Duffy who had been beaten and shot to death by members of the [[UVF]]. Two Portadown men are later convicted of his murder.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, pp.486-487.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the killing to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 
*'''27''' - The body is discovered of 18-year-old Anthony Duffy who had been beaten and shot to death by members of the [[UVF]]. Two Portadown men are later convicted of his murder.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, pp.486-487.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the killing to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 +
*'''30''' - [[Colin Wallace]] visited by [[David McKittrick]] over a claim that the [[UDA]] had identified [[George Horn]] as the leader of the [[Ulster Citizens Army]].<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
  
 
==November==
 
==November==
 +
*'''8''' [[Colin Wallace]] writes memorandum complaining about lack of police action over [[Kincora]].<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 
*'''20''' - Patrick Falls is shot dead at his brother's pub at Aughamullen, near [[Coalisland]], Co. Tyrone. A close relative of [[Wesley Somerville]] is convicted of the killing in 1981.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.496.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the killing to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 
*'''20''' - Patrick Falls is shot dead at his brother's pub at Aughamullen, near [[Coalisland]], Co. Tyrone. A close relative of [[Wesley Somerville]] is convicted of the killing in 1981.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.496.</ref> The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the killing to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 
*'''29''' - [[UVF]] bomb attack on Hughes Bar in Newry, Co. Down. One man, John Mallon, dies of his injuries on 15 December. Newspaper reports suggest [[Robin Jackson]] is suspected of a role.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.506.</ref> Another UVF bomb attack on 29 November took place at McArdle's Pub in Crossmaglen, Co. Armagh, owned by a former chairman of the local rural council. one man, Thomas McNamee, died of injuries sustained in the attack a year later.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.595.</ref>  The Pat Finucane Centre has linked both bombings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 
*'''29''' - [[UVF]] bomb attack on Hughes Bar in Newry, Co. Down. One man, John Mallon, dies of his injuries on 15 December. Newspaper reports suggest [[Robin Jackson]] is suspected of a role.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.506.</ref> Another UVF bomb attack on 29 November took place at McArdle's Pub in Crossmaglen, Co. Armagh, owned by a former chairman of the local rural council. one man, Thomas McNamee, died of injuries sustained in the attack a year later.<ref>David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, ''Lost Lives'', Mainstream Publishing, p.595.</ref>  The Pat Finucane Centre has linked both bombings to the [[Glennane Gang]].<ref name="PFCGlennaneGang>[http://www.patfinucanecentre.org/sarmagh/sarmagh.html#samegang Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's], Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.</ref>
 +
 +
==December==
 +
*'''20''' - [[Provisional IRA|IRA]] ceasefire announced.<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 +
*'''24''' - [[Colin Wallace]] told by [[Tony Chinneck]] of the [[Ministry of Defence]] that he is being moved from Northern Ireland because his life is in danger.<ref name="Foot427">Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.</ref>
 +
*'''27''' - Nineteen-year-old George Hyde, a defendant in the shooting of Patrick Turley, is beaten to death in Long Kesh prison camp, amid allegations he had given information the [[RUC]].<ref>Anne Cadwallader, ''Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland'', Mercier Press, 2013, p.32.</ref>
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==

Latest revision as of 01:43, 13 March 2015

Events related to state violence and collusion in Northern Ireland in 1974.

January

  • 1 - Sunningdale power-sharing administration takes office.[1]
  • 3 - Director of Public Prosecutions writes to the Chief Constable of the RUC, saying it had been decided not to charge Robin Jackson with the murder of Patrick Campbell.[2]
  • 6 - Tommy Toland shot and injured in Lurgan. The Ulster Defence Association later claimed responsibility.[3]
  • 17 - Daniel Hughes killed in loyalist attack on Boyle's Bar, Cappagh, County Tyrone. The attack is later claimed by the Ulster Volunteer Force.[4]
  • 19 - SDLP leadership narrowly escapes a UVF bomb attack in Dungannon.[5]

February

  • February undated - Brian Nelson sentenced to imprisonment for seven years for firearms offences, intimidation and assault occasioning actual bodily harm.[6]
  • 11 Marian Rafferty and Thomas Mitchell shot and injured in loyalist attack in Moy.[7] Stuart Ashton and Derek McFarland admitted involvement in the attack in 1980.[8]
  • 19 - A UVF bomb kills two people in a Catholic-owned Traynor's Bar in Aughenlig, Co Armagh. A UVF member was convicted for the attack in 1981. He was also convicted of a February 1974 attack on a courting couple in Charlemont. Two other men were also convicted of the latter attack, both former members of the UDR, and one also a former member of the RUC.[9] The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the bombings to the Glennane Gang.[10]
  • 28 - Westminster general election - United Ulster Unionist Council wins 11 of 12 seats, with the SDLP winning West Belfast.[11]

March

April

May

June

  • 15 - John Patrick Cunningham, a 27-year-old man with a mental disability, was shot dead by British soldiers near his home in Benburb, Tyrone.[23]

September

October

November

  • 8 Colin Wallace writes memorandum complaining about lack of police action over Kincora.[1]
  • 20 - Patrick Falls is shot dead at his brother's pub at Aughamullen, near Coalisland, Co. Tyrone. A close relative of Wesley Somerville is convicted of the killing in 1981.[25] The Pat Finucane Centre has linked the killing to the Glennane Gang.[10]
  • 29 - UVF bomb attack on Hughes Bar in Newry, Co. Down. One man, John Mallon, dies of his injuries on 15 December. Newspaper reports suggest Robin Jackson is suspected of a role.[26] Another UVF bomb attack on 29 November took place at McArdle's Pub in Crossmaglen, Co. Armagh, owned by a former chairman of the local rural council. one man, Thomas McNamee, died of injuries sustained in the attack a year later.[27] The Pat Finucane Centre has linked both bombings to the Glennane Gang.[10]

December

  • 20 - IRA ceasefire announced.[1]
  • 24 - Colin Wallace told by Tony Chinneck of the Ministry of Defence that he is being moved from Northern Ireland because his life is in danger.[1]
  • 27 - Nineteen-year-old George Hyde, a defendant in the shooting of Patrick Turley, is beaten to death in Long Kesh prison camp, amid allegations he had given information the RUC.[28]

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.
  2. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.46.
  3. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.52.
  4. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.53.
  5. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.54.
  6. Sir Desmond de Silva, Volume 1 - Chapter 6: The recruitment of Brian Nelson, Pat Finucane Review, 12 December 2012.
  7. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.12.
  8. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.55.
  9. David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives, Mainstream Publishing, pp.423-424.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Collusion in the south Armagh - mid Ulster area in the mid-1970's, Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 19 June 2012.
  11. W.D Flackes & Sydney Elliott, Northern Ireland: A Political Directory 1968-88, Blackstaff Press, 1989, p.4.
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.60.
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.61.
  14. David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives, Mainstream Publishing, p.444.
  15. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.64.
  16. 16.0 16.1 Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.68.
  17. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.69.
  18. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.67.
  19. THE DUBLIN AND MONAGHAN BOMBINGS, Justice for the Forgotten, 19 June 2012.
  20. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.70.
  21. 21.0 21.1 Extract from National Archives file CJ4 1147, archived by the Pat Finucane Centre, accessed 4 April 2013. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "UVFmeeting" defined multiple times with different content
  22. Paul Foot, Who Framed Colin Wallace, Pan Books, 1989, p.427.
  23. Gerry Moriarty, British government apologises over shooting of mentally disabled man, Irish Times, 20 March 2013.
  24. David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives, Mainstream Publishing, pp.486-487.
  25. David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives, Mainstream Publishing, p.496.
  26. David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives, Mainstream Publishing, p.506.
  27. David McKittrick, Seamus Kelters, Brian Feeney, Chris Thornton and David McVea, Lost Lives, Mainstream Publishing, p.595.
  28. Anne Cadwallader, Lethal Allies: British Collusion in Ireland, Mercier Press, 2013, p.32.