Difference between revisions of "Irish Republican Army"
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| + | The [[Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) is the name used by a number of groups which trace their origins to the original IRA which emerged out of the Irish Volunteers during the Easter Rising (1916) and the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921). | ||
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| + | ==Early History - the 'Old IRA'== | ||
| + | The term [[Irish Republican Army]] was first used during the Easter Rising by Pádraig Pearse, who adopted the title Commandant-General of the Irish Republican Army during the Easter Rising in 1916.<ref>Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie, The Provisional IRA, Corgi, 1988, p.24.</ref> During the subsequent Irish War of Independence it came into general use to refer to the Irish Volunteers.<ref>Robert Kee, The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism, Penguin Books, 2000, p.644.</ref> | ||
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| + | The IRA split following the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1922, with the Pro-Treaty faction being absorbed by the forces of the new Irish Free State.<ref>Robert Kee, The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism, Penguin Books, 2000, p.733.</ref> | ||
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| + | In the Irish Civil War (1922-23) the Free State defeated the anti-treaty IRA, which nevertheless remained in existence.<ref>Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie, The Provisional IRA, Corgi, 1988, p.34.</ref> | ||
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| + | ==Official IRA== | ||
| + | The IRA split into two factions in December 1969-January 1970 over the issue of recognition of the assemblies in Stormont, Leinster House and Westminster.<ref>Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie, The Provisional IRA, Corgi, 1988, p.136.</ref> | ||
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| + | The term [[Official IRA]] came into use to describe the faction which supported the parliamentary strategy and the pre-existing leadership of Chief of Staff [[Cathal Goulding]]. Its political counterpart was initially known as [[Official Sinn Féin]].<ref>W.D. Flackes, Sydney Elliott, Northern Ireland: A Political Directory 1968-88, Blackstaff Press, 1989, p.206.</ref> | ||
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| + | ==The Provisional IRA== | ||
| + | The [[Provisional IRA]] emerged in 1969-1970 out of the faction which supported the traditional republican commitment to parliamentary abstentionism. Its political counterpart was [[Provisional Sinn Féin]].<ref>W.D. Flackes, Sydney Elliott, Northern Ireland: A Political Directory 1968-88, Blackstaff Press, 1989, p.227.</ref> [[Sean McStiofain]] was the Provisionals' first chief of staff.<ref>Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie, The Provisional IRA, Corgi, 1988, p.137.</ref> | ||
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==External Resources== | ==External Resources== | ||
*Paul de Rooij, [http://www.counterpunch.org/rooij10092004.html Northern Ireland is Still the Issue]: A Conversation with Gerry Adams, CounterPunch, 9 Oct. 2004. | *Paul de Rooij, [http://www.counterpunch.org/rooij10092004.html Northern Ireland is Still the Issue]: A Conversation with Gerry Adams, CounterPunch, 9 Oct. 2004. | ||
[[Category:Northern Ireland]] | [[Category:Northern Ireland]] | ||
Revision as of 22:51, 25 September 2009
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This article is part of SpinWatch's Northern Ireland Portal. |
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is the name used by a number of groups which trace their origins to the original IRA which emerged out of the Irish Volunteers during the Easter Rising (1916) and the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921).
Early History - the 'Old IRA'
The term Irish Republican Army was first used during the Easter Rising by Pádraig Pearse, who adopted the title Commandant-General of the Irish Republican Army during the Easter Rising in 1916.[1] During the subsequent Irish War of Independence it came into general use to refer to the Irish Volunteers.[2]
The IRA split following the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1922, with the Pro-Treaty faction being absorbed by the forces of the new Irish Free State.[3]
In the Irish Civil War (1922-23) the Free State defeated the anti-treaty IRA, which nevertheless remained in existence.[4]
Official IRA
The IRA split into two factions in December 1969-January 1970 over the issue of recognition of the assemblies in Stormont, Leinster House and Westminster.[5]
The term Official IRA came into use to describe the faction which supported the parliamentary strategy and the pre-existing leadership of Chief of Staff Cathal Goulding. Its political counterpart was initially known as Official Sinn Féin.[6]
The Provisional IRA
The Provisional IRA emerged in 1969-1970 out of the faction which supported the traditional republican commitment to parliamentary abstentionism. Its political counterpart was Provisional Sinn Féin.[7] Sean McStiofain was the Provisionals' first chief of staff.[8]
External Resources
- Paul de Rooij, Northern Ireland is Still the Issue: A Conversation with Gerry Adams, CounterPunch, 9 Oct. 2004.
